Secure Position Established by Jews in Brazil
By DAVID MARKUS
(Copyright 1968, JTA Inc.)
BRAZIL — Recently a Brazilian
• public opinion research institute
made public a stunning figure on
anti-Semitism in this country
where Jews constitute barely one-
sixth of one per cent of the total
population.
According to the survey, which
was initiated at the request of a
popular monthly, it would appear
that virtually half of Brazil's pop-
ulation of 80,000,000 is infected
with prejudice against Jews to a
greater or lesser degree. However,
the accuracy and the objectivity of
the survey have been brought
under question by Jewish commun-
ity leaders who maintain that the
past and present record of Jewish
life belie those figures.
It is difficult to dispute figures,
but there are adequate grounds
. for rejection of these findings. The
fact is that Jews of Brazil do not
feel any anti-Semitism. They
play a prominent role in the coun-
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Happy New Year
Continental
Corned Beef Co.
425 E. Elizabeth
Detroit, Mich.
Happy New Year to Our
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CONTINENTAL
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try's life and they hold positions
of importance in all areas of ac-
tivity. Surely there are anti-Sem-
ites in this country, but the fact
that there has never been a seri-
ous or organized anti-Semitic move-
ment indicates that the Brazilian
is a man apart. The swastika
plague and the anti-Semitic activi-
ties of neo-Nazis in neighboring
Argentina, Uruguay and Chile
have, until this day, made no im-
pact in this country. If there have
been sporadic incidents—swastikas
smeared on a well or the vandal-
izing of a cemetery—the perpetra-
tors, when apprehended, usually
turned out to be Germans or Baits.
Jews in all probability have
been living in Brazil since the
discovery of the continent, mak-
ing great contributions to the de-
velopment of the country. They
played a significant role in the
winning of independence 146
years ago. They have been re-
ceived in the country without
restrictions, religious or other,
and have lived in complete
equality. It is said the founder
of Rio de Janeiro, Estacio de Sa,
was the grandson of Marranos,
as was the founder of Sao Paulo,
Joao Ramalho. It is an historic
fact that there was a well-estab-
lished Jewish settlement in Re-
cife, Brazil's third largest city,
and that it was from Recife that
a group of 23 Dutch Jews among
them Jacob Bar-Shimon, started
out about 315 years ago in a tiny
sailing vessel and ultimately
reached New Amsterdam, where
they founded the first Jewish
community in New York.
The modern Jewish community
in Brazil began to take shape
about 65years ago as a result of
the Czarist pogroms. Brazil's
Jewish population today is esti-
mated at between 160,000 and
170;000. In the last 10 years alone,
some 8,000 Egyptian Jews aid
5,000 Israelis have ' settled in
Brazil.
Jewish life here is organized in
a system of federations. In each
city where there are Jews, there
is a federation with which all Jew-
ish institutions and groups (with
the exceptions of the extreme left-
ists) are affiliated. The federa-
tions are united in the Jewish
19191 Livernois
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358-1414
Brazil consists of a thin layer
of industrialists, a considerable
middle class and several thou-
sand free entrepreneurs, plus in-
creasing numbers of doctors, en-
gineers, lawyers, chemists and
other professionals. There are
no Jewish laborers, but there
is a substantial number of poor
people. In Rio de Janeiro alone,
more than 3,000 come to the
community for Maot Hitim (aid)
rois, the eve of Passover. Un-
fortunately there is no insti-
tution to help these people get
on their feet.
Because of the determination of
parents to give their children a
Jewish edUnation, there have been
established more than 30 integral
Jewish elementary schools and
gymnasiums, and two teachers'
seminaries. Thirteen of the schools
are located in Rio de Janeiro and
10 in Sao Paulo. The schools have
an estimated registration of more
than 8,000 children. The Brazilian
community is not unique in com-
plaining that the ratio of registra-
tion drops catastrophically when
it becomes time for the children
to enter the higher classes. The
practice appears to be to send the
children to Jewish grade schools
and transfer them to the non-Jew-
ish high schools.
Both in Rio de Janeiro and Sao
Paulo there are large, prosperous
and active clubs where large num-
bers of Jewish youth can find ful-
fillment. Among those clubs are
Hebraica, Monte Sinai, Circulo
Israelita and Maccabee. Their
membership is in the tens of thou-
sands. There are also Jewish cen-
ters in the smaller cities such as
Porto Alegro, Curitiba, Recife,
Bahai, Relo Horizonte and others.
Police report that there are no
records of juvenile criminality
among Jews. Many Jewish youths
go into government service.
Many have made the army their
career. An impressive number
have settled in Israel where
there are kibutzim consisting ex-
clusively of Brazilian settlers.
23535 Woodward, Ferndale
Northland Center, Southfield
NEW YEAR GREETINGS
Confederation of Brazil, the cen-
tral Jewish representative body in
the country.
The confederation is the repre-
sentative body of Brazilian Jewry
and when necessary it represents
the community effectively and suc-
cessfully. But it is weak financially
and cannot exert much influence on
Jewish life. For years now, there
has been discussion on forming a
kehilla along the lines of those
in Argentina and Uruguay. Were
such a kehilla to be performed and
become the central organism of
Jewish life here, it is believed it
would attract a membership of
tens of thousands of Jews and be
able to maintain, stimulate and
handsomely support a great vari-
ety of Jewish activities.
in
The Jewish population
Brazil has a substantial Jewish
press — three weeklies in Yiddish
and three in Portuguese. There
are Jewish radio programs in Rio
de Janiro, Sao Paulo, Porto
Alegro and Curitiba.
Brazil maintains extremely
friendly relations with Israel. The
two countries are linked by a se-
ries of pacts. Many Brazilians
boast that Jewish blood flows in
their veins. The most prideful
are those of distinguished origin,
with names such as Oliviera, Teix-
eira, Rodrigues, Silva, Peres, Car-
valho, Ponesca and Santos. These
are all descendants of Marranos.
It is difficult to tell how large
their number is, but they are sur-
ely in the hundreds of thousands.
These have been and will most cer-
tainly continue to be a postive
factor in creating a benign climate
for Jews.
Symptomatic of that climate,
which always prevailed in inde-
pendent Brazil, is perhaps the
little-known fact that, out of his
deep friendship for Jews, the late
emperor of Brazil, Don Pedro
Segunda, learned to speak Hebrew
perfectly, translating three piyutim
and the Had Gadya which he pub-
lished in France after his abdica-
tion.
Holiday Meals
Filling:
3/4 cup sugar
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
8 tablespoons apricot ism
1/2 lb. dried pears or peaches (diced)
raisins
A cup
4 apples, peeled. cored and diced
together flour
To make dough,
oil,
and baking powder. Add
and water and mix well. Divide
dough into five parts, one a little
others.
larer
than the
Roll out as
g
thin ly as possible. Place largest piece
in greased baking dish covering sideS
and bottom. Mix the filling ingredi-
ents. Spread 1/4 of filling on the bot-
tom dough. Fit in the next piece
and proceed with layering until all in-
gredients used. Top should be of
dough. Sprinkle top with sugar and
cinnamon and bake in a 325 degree
oven for 11/2 hours or until top browns
and the whole fluden is slightly pulled
away from sides.
By ROSALIND S. ZUNSER
(Copyright 1968, JTA Inc.)
The 10 days following the blowing
seedless
of the- Shofar, or the Ram's Horn,
which ushers in Rosh Hashana,
sift
the Jewish New Year, are known
sugar,
as the Days of Awe and culminate eggs
in the high point—Yom Kippur.
Religious Jews believe that their
fate - for the oncoming year was
inscribed on the Divine Tablets
on •Rosh Hashana, on Yom Kip-
pur it was signed and Hoshana
Raba it was sealed. After services
at the synagogye, which the whole
family attends to give thanks for
the blessings of the past and to
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
supplicate for a happy year to
come, they return to a home, made 54—Friday, September 20, 1968
sparkling for the occasion, to a
festive board on which is spread a
NEW YEAR GREETINGS
white tablecloth, candlesticks and
wine glasses. The festive meal
which follows is preceded by slices
of apples dipped in honey—sym-
bolic of the sweet year that is to
follow.
Buyers of Scrap Iron
DYNAMIC IRON
& METAL CO.
Menu for :Rosh Hashana Dinner
Wine Apples dipped in Honey Challah
Gefilte Fish
Horseradish with Beets (grated)
Cucumber Spears
Tomato Wedges
Chicken Soup with Mandien
Roast Ducklings
Apricot and Rice Stuffing
Mehren -Tzimmes
String Beans
Apple Fluden
Tea
Mandlen
1 cup flour
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
2
1 tablespoon polyunsaturated oil
Beat
and oil together and blend
into flour which has been sifted with
baking powder and salt. Knead until
smooth. Roll into strips 2/, inch thick,
cut into 1/2 inch pieces. Bake on a
greased sheet in 375 degree oven about
15 minutes or until lightly browned.
Fluden
Dough:
4 cups flour
3 teaspoons baking powder
cups sugar
3 tablespoons oil
2
beaten well
4 tablespoons water
eggs
& Metal Waste Materials
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Fruit and Produce Co.
1501 DIVISION
TE 2-1758
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Happy New Year
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9450 Jos. Campau
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DAVID NURSING HOME
Oak Park, Mich.
13241 W. Chicago Blvd.
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Happy New Year
Season's
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1595 Alger
1425 Broadway
Manufacturing Ladies' Coats
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871-6011
Mr. and Mrs. Abe Weisman
,
LU 2-1442
3800 Lonyo
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