Jackson's KKK Story Reconstructs Era
of Ku Klux Klan Activities in Detroit

While the KKK predominated in
the deep South, the movement
gained ground and many adherents
in large northern cities.
In "The Ku Klux Klan in the
City, 1915-1930," published by
Oxford University Press, Kenneth
T. Jackson reviews the Klan's
progress in many cities, the in-
roads the movement made, its anti-
Jewish, anti-Negro and anti-Cath-
olic propaganda and the strug-
gles that were experienced against
it.

Of special interest to Detroit- fed the racial hysteria that en-
ers is a long-forgotten chapter veloped the city."
These and many other incidents
of Klan activities here, when
led to the disquiet here. In the
Charles Bowles was candidate
primary election of 1924, Bow-
for mayor, when he actually
les was defeated for the nom-
was elected on a KKK ticket
ination, but he ran as a ticket
or write-in candidate in the No-
but was counted out because of
vember election and the vote was
improperly written-in votes.
counted as John W. Smith, 116,-
In the chapter "Detroit: The
807; and Charles Bowles, 106,-
Write-In Challenge," there is a
679; Joseph Martin, 84,929. Jo-
complete run-down of the local ex-
sephine Gomon was quoted as
perience. Jackson lists the men who
saying the Klan candidate should
directed the KKK activities here,
have won the election: there were
the debates and the public issues
2,653 spoiled ballots and 12,-
daily per pers.
TV IN
that ensued, the challenges that
567 wrongly-written in names
EVERY
$ * dble.
Dec. 1-15
arose with Bowles' candidacy.
for
Bowles.
40 of 130 rms.
ROOM-
The famous Dr. Ossian Sweet
$9.50 Dec. 15-Jan. 15
2 POOLS•
The
Black Legin activities also
case figures prominently in this
100% Air-Cond.
Ample Parking.
story. Dr. Sweet moved into a are described in the Jackson book
Planned Entertainment. Gala
white neighborhood at Garland and the Detroit KKK functions and
Xmas-New Year Eve Festivities.
and Charlevoix, he and his family the subsequent developments will
Jack Muravehlk, Owner-Mgmt.
were attacked, his brother shot amaze those who read about them
Hotel
and killed Leon Breiner in the today. It could well be viewed as a
melee that took place, and Clar- hardly believable story, yet it is
ence Darrow defended the Negroes true.
What Jackson does not do is
and secured an acquittal. Jackson
PRIVATE BEACH • POOL
PRIVATE
writes that "although the Ku Klux pursue the account further, to in-
C ABANA COLONY
dicate
how Bowles subsequently
Klan was not officially involved
OCEANFRONT at LINCOLN RD.
MIAMI BEACH
in the incident, it thrived upon and was elected mayor and was re-
called later by popular vote.
Jackson concludes by express-
ENJOY ALL THIS AT THE
ing the view that "although the
Ku Klux Klan is no longer an
effective and viable force in
American life, the Klan men-
OCEAN AT 41st STREET, MIAMI BEACH
tality remains." Ile maintains
A Shower of Stars Hotel
that "as a result of the continu-
ing refusal of the American peo-
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activities in all the major
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information
5
reservations.
see
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American cities are reviewed by
Carl Cohen. Owner/Management
DETROIT
OFF.:
864-3190
Jackson
who gives a full account
Al Rusks, Gen. Mgr.
of the intolerance and the opposi-
tion to it.
An interesting sidelight is visible
in Jackson's description of the De-
troit political campaign for the
mayoralty in 1924: He states: "Two
imponderable elements complicat-
ed the situation: 1. Henry Ford's
endorsement of Mayor Smith, an
action which placed Jewish citizens
in the position of either voting with
the Ku Klux Klan or aligning them-
selves with the nation's most noto-
rious anti--Semite; and 2. the Klan's
endorsement of five candidates for
the city council . . ."
A thoroughly revelatory book,
Jackson's is timely informative and
has
important lessons for the pres-
LARRY PASKOWS
ent — and undobutedly for all —
time.

5

GAMORE

1.1001710

Friday, November 3, 1967-17

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

NegroYouthStudy: Crossways Viewed

Problems of Negro youth are
the nation's problems. The manner
in the young Negro emerges as an
element in the struggle for equal-
ity, the problems relating to
schools to the country's economy
and to the linking of all youth in
a democratic society are part of
the issues which torment the na-
tion.
"Negro Youth at the Crossways"
by E. Franklin Frazier, published
by Schocken, is a valuable analysis
of the personality development.
Prepared for the American
Youth Commission of the American
Council on Education, with an il-
luminating introduction by St.

Clair Drake, this volume deserves
widest study for an understanding
of matters that are the concern of
all Americans.

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Marchers on Pentagon
Ignorant of 'Genocide'

Not one of those interviewed
here after the march on the Pen-
tagon last weekend knew the
meaning of the term "Genocide"
that was used in charges against
the Johnson administration.
The term "genocide" was coined
by the late Prof. Rafel Lemkin,
who initiated the movement for
the adoption of the United Nations
Genocide Convention aimed at out-
lawing the "heinous crime" of
mass killing of peoples.
The term genocide stems from
the Greek word geno — meaning
tribe or race — and the Latin cide
— analogous to homicide or fratri-
cide. Genocide thus refers to the
extermination of nations or ethnic
groups.
The UN Genocide Convention,
which brands "genocide a crime
under international law, and for
the commission of which the prin-
cipals and accomplices . . . are
punished," has been adopted by
approximately 70 nations. The U.S.
has not yet approved it.
Dr. Lernkin's movement was a
result of the effort commenced to
prevent the recurrence of Nazi
crimes perpetrated against the_
Jewish people.

Alan Levinson sailed away with
a Pan-Am silver medal in the snipe
class.

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