Thant Stresses Urgent
"It is indispensable to an inter-
national community of states — if
it is not to follow the law of the
jungle — that the territorial integ-
rity of every state be respected,
and the occupation by military
force of the territory of one state
by another cannot be condoned.
Similarly, every state's right to
exist must be accepted by all
other states; every state entitled
to be secure within its own bor-
ders." He added, on this score,
that "the parties themselves are
firmly and solemnly committed to
these principles."
Ile pointed out that, by sub-
scribing to the United Nations
Charter, all states have pledged
that "all members shall settle
their international disputes by
peaceful means in such a manner
that international peace and sec-
urity and justice are not endan-
gered" and that "all members
shall refrain in their internation-
al relations from the threat or
use of force against the territor-
ial or political independence of
any state, or in any other man-
ner inconsistent with the pur-
poses of the United Nations."
The introduction called attention
to the fact that, both in the Arab
states and in Israel, there are to-
day expressions of dissatisfaction
with the role the UN has played
to date or its achievements con-
cerning the Israeli-Arab issues.
"Such attitudes,' he stated, "are,
of course, both misguided and
short-sighted." The secretary-gen-
eral concluded the Middle East
section of his report's introduction
as follows:
"The role of peacekeeper is
never likely to be continuously pop-
ular with any of the parties to a
conflict. By the very nature of its
status and its moderating func-
tions, a peace-keeping operation
can never espouse the cause of any
of the parties. There thus tends to
be an underlying element of dis-
satisfaction and frustration in the
relations of the United Nations with
the parties to a conflict.
"This condition may even at
times border on a breakdown in
those relations. This, however,
does not signify that the peace-
keeping work of the United Nations
has served no purpose, nor that
it would be in the interest of the
parties to a conflict to do without
the assistance which the organi-
zation alone can give them. Quite
apart froin its more positive func-
tions, the United Nations provides
an invaluable repository and a safe
target for blame and criticism
which might otherwise be directed
elsewhere.
"The organization has, during
all its years and in many situa-
tions, performed a vital function
as an international lightening rod,
as, in fact, it is now doing in the
Middle East. These are facts of in-
ternational life which should not
be lost sight of when the effective-
ness and the future of the peace-
O keeping function are being consid-
ered. The basic problem, now as
always, lies in the acceptance by
0
governments of international de-
cisions and machinery and the de-
gree of their realization that the
wider interests of international
peace may in the long run also
coincide with their own best in-
terests. We are today, I need hard-
ly add, very far in general from
such a realization."
The emergency special session
of the General Assembly Mon-
day, adopted a resolution to pass
the Middle East crisis on to the
regular assembly session. The
resolution, sponsored by Austria,
Finland and Sweden, called on
O
the regular assembly to give the
O
debate on the Middle East crisis
"high priority." The measure
was passed, as soon as the as-
sembly opened, by a vote of 94
in favor, none against, and two
abstentions. Israel voted in favor
0
of the resolution.
Ai
After the voting, various delega-
tions took the floor to explain their
e votes„ with the Arab states and
the Soviet bloc maintaining their
ing issue" is the withdrawal of
Israel's armed forces from the
Arab territories Israel occupied as
a result of the June War. He said
there is 'near unanimity' in the
United Nations on this issue. Then
he added:
"But in the context of the cur-
rent problems in the Middle East,
the issue of withdrawal loses siz-
able support when taken alone by
separating it from other vital is-
sues and particularly that of na-
tional security. The unwillingness
of the Arab states to accept the
existence of Israel, the insistence
of some on maintaining a continu-
ing state of belligerency with Is-
rael — although those maintaining
belligerency may themselves re-
frain from committing belligerent
acts — and the question of innocent
passage through the Strait of Tiran
and the Suez Canal are also fun-
damental issues which present con-
troversial problems and sharp div-
ision, even though there is much
agreement on the principles in-
volved."
Other serious problems in the
crisis, he told the assembly, are
the problem of the Arab refugees
and "the El Fatah type of sabotage
and terrorist activities across the
borders into Israel, with resultant
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS retaliation."
The secretary-general stated
14—Friday, September 22, 1967
direct peace negotiations be-
tween the Arab states and Israel
"would be most encouraging,
but expressed doubt that such
negotiations are "in the realm
OF FUN!
of present possibility." He ad-
vised that one step that could
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wnERC VACATION
DREAMS COME rear
Thant told the assembly that
there are certain "fundamental
principles" which no one disputes
as to "soundness" and "intrinsic
worth." Without mentioning the
SOUTH HAVEN. MICHIGAN
fact that Israel has always insisted
Phome 637•5111 (Aro IN)
on the observance of those princi-
ples by all members of the United
Nations, he declared:
(Continued from Page 1)
a ssembly nor the council has
taken any steps to "change the
pertinent resolutions of either or-
gan relating to the armistice agree-
ments or to the earlier cease-fire
demands."
The secretary-general observed
that, while there have been per-
iods of relative quiet in the Middle
East, "there was never real peace
/or the prospect of real peace. The
threat of war was ever present.
Finally, and it seemed inevitable
in the historical circumstances —
in June, once again tall-out war
came to the area." He called the
outbreak of the Arab-Israeli war
in June of 1967 "a terrific shock,
. but hardly a surprise." The basic
issues in the area, he stated, have
been 'largely untouched by the
United Nations."
After declaring that "there is a
desperate need for a determined,
immediate and urgent" UN effort
to help bring about the conditions
essential to peace in the Middle
East," and asserting that such an
effort should be "constant and un-
relenting until those conditions
have been achieved," Thant stated
that an "immediate and challeng-
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UN Effort for M. E. Peace
intransigent attitude against Is-
rael.
Soviet Ambassador Nikolai Fed-
orenko repeated his previous ac-
cusation that Israel had commit-
ted "a criminal conspiracy care-
fully prepared to ensure changes in
the Middle East backed by imper-
ialist powers in order to weaken
the Arab regimes in the Middle
East."
United States Ambassador Ar-
thur Goldberg said he regretted
that the Soviet ambassador showed
harshness and tried to rewrite UN
history. 'The time has come," Gold-
berg said, "for healing and har-
monizing our views on the Middle
East and not for harsh words."
Israel Ambassador Gideon Raf-
ael, denounced the Soviet "propa-
ganda assault' saying that it had
been rejected twice by the Security
Council and the General Asembly.
The Soviet representative, he said,
was turning a blind eye on the real-
ities of the Middle East and the
decisions of the UN. "Repetition
does not convert falsehood to
truth," Rafael said.
The Israeli ambassador conclud-
ed by calling on UN members to
open a new page in the history of
the Middle East by urging the Arab
countries to negotiate directly with
Israel as "the only practical way."
Secretary-General Thant told
a weekend press conference that
he believed that the role of the
United Nations as a third party in
the Arab-Israel dispute was es-
sential and imperative for a long
time to come.
International Experts to Advise
on Rebuilding of East Jerusalem.
JERUSALEM (JTA) — Experts
in city planning will participate in
preparation of plans for the re-
building of East Jerusalem and
the ministry of the Interior.
Hereafter, under this pact, all
(Continued on Page 15)
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