In the struggle for civil rights
we have witnessed martyrdom.
There have been murders and acts
of grave injustice. Whites and
blacks have suffered in the course
of their campaigns to secure just
rights for Negroes. Dr. Jack Men-
delsohn, minister of Boston's his-
toric Arlington Street Church, has
written an account of those who
"gave their lives that others might
live."
Mendelsohn's "The Martyrs—
Sixteen Who Gave Their Lives for
Racial Justice," published by Har-
per & Row, commences his trib-
utes to the martyred heroes with
the story of Rev. George W. Lee,
who was shot in his car, May 7,
1955, but whose death was called
an accident by authorities. He pro-
ceeds to relate the stories of the
Negro farmer Herbert Lee who
was shot and Louis Allen who wit-
nessed his death and was himself
killed two years later; the postman
William L. Moore who protested
injustice; the NAACP organizer
Medgar Evers; Carole Robertson,
Denise McNair, Addie Mae Collins
and Cynthia Wesley; Michael
Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and
James Chaney; Jimmy Lee Jack-
son, Rev. James Reeb, the De-
troiter Mrs. Viola Liuzzo and the
most recent victim of bigotry, Rev.
Jonathan M. Daniels.
The Rev. Lee was "a man who
was somebody." Detroit's Con-
gressman Charles C. Diggs was
among those who protested the
. indignities that were in evi-
dence then in a call to President
Eisenhower. The horror of that
first of the martyrs to whom
honor is paid in the Mendelsohn
book merges in all its inhuman
aspects.
Describing the Lee and Allen
tragedies, Mendelsohn entitles his
chapter "We'll Never Turn Back"
and he quotes this now made
mous song by Bertha Gober, _writ-
ten for the SNCC, as well as the
"Ballad of Herbert Lee" by Ernie
Mars and Guy Carawan.
T h e Collins-McNair-Robertson-
Wesley murder of Sept. 15, 1963,
is described in a chapter "Mas-
sacre of the Innocents." Then
comes the story of the two Jewish
boys and their Negro companion,
t h e Chaney-Goodman-Schwermer
murder of June 21, 1964. The lat-
ter account is entitled "Brother-
hood Beneath an Earthen Dam." It
is a story of the martyrs and their
families, the communal sense of
horror over what had transpired,
with references to the role that
was played by Rabbi Arthur Lely-
veld of Cleveland (now president
of "the American Jewish Congress),
who had gone South 10 protest in-

Goodman

justice and who in turn was in-
jured by an assailant.
Appended to this chapter is a
poem that was written by Andy
Goodman. Mendelsohn describes
it: "It was to be not only his own
epitaph, but the epitaph of three
brave young men who met death
together." The poem begins with
the stanza:
"How dismal the day
Screams out and blasts the
night.
What disaster you will say,
To start another fight . . . "
The story of Mrs. Viola Gregg
Liuzzo of Detroit is of special in-
terest, of course, to Detroiters. It
presents a complete account of the
tragedy of the Detroit- woman and
it reveals not only the agony of the
family, the sadness created in this
community: it also exposes addi-
tionally the bigotry of the South-
ern haters.
In the course of the account of
the Liuzzo tragedy, Mendelsohn
quotes from a diatribe by Matthew
Hobson Murphy, Jr., "self-styled
Imperial Klonsel (chief counsel) of
the United Klans of America," de-
fender of one of the accused, who
made no attempt at serious de-
fense, who instead rambled and
said:
"And this white woman who
got killed: White woman: . . . I
thought I'd never see the day
when Communists and niggers
and white niggers and Jews
were flying under the banner of
the United Nations flag, not the
American flag we fought for ...
I'm proud to be a white man and
I'm proud that I stand up on my
feet for white supremacy, not
the mixing and the mongrelize-
tion of races . . . not the Zion-
ists that run that bunch of nig-
gers . . . You know what the
nigger (LeRoy Moton) said on
the stand. No, Yeah No. Yeah.
Like a 10-year-old boy . . . Then
the nigger ran up the road and
a truck came by and he stopped
it. There was a rabbi in that
truck. A rabbi. Of course, he
stopped and put the nigger in

From Rosh Hashana to Rosh Rosh H;shana

1 1 1

ii?

1 1

Rosh Hashana, first day of 2
Fast of Gedaliah
Yom Kippur
Sukkot, first day of 8
Shmini Atzeret
Simhat Tora
Rosh Hodesh Heshvan
Rosh Hodesh Kislev
Hanuka, first day of 8
Rosh Hodesh Tevet
Fast of Tevet

Rosh Hodesh Shvat
Tu b'Shvat
Rosh Hodesh Adar I
Rosh Hodesh Adar II
Fast of Esther
Purim
Rosh Hodesh Nisan
Passover, first day of 8
Rosh Hodesh Iyar
Lag _b'Omer
Rosh Hodesh Sivan
Shavuot, first day of 2
Rosh Hodesh Tammuz
Fast of Tammuz
Rosh Hodesh Av
Fast of Ninth of Av
Rosh Hodesh Elul
Rosh Hashana
Fast of Gedalia
Yom Kippur

1966
Thursday, Sept. 15
Sunday, Sept. 18
• Saturday, Sept. 24
Thursday, Sept. 29
Thursday, Oct. 6
Friday, Oct. 7
Saturday, Oct. 15
Monday, Nov. 14
Thursday, Dec. 8
Wednesday, Dec. 14
Thursday, Dec. 23
1967
Thursday, Jan. 12
Thursday, Jan. 26
Saturday, Feb. 11
Monday, March 13
Thursday, March 23
Sunday, March 26
Tuesday, April 11
Tuesday, April 25
Thursday, May 11
Sunday, May 28
Friday, June 9
Wednesday, June 14
Sunday, July 9
Tuesday, July 25
Monday, Aug. 7
Tuesday, Aug. 15
Wednesday, Sept. 6
Thursday, Oct. 5
Sunday, Oct. 8
Saturday, Oct. 14

Israel Bends Over Backwards to Draw
Westerners; B-G Takes Critical Look

Schwerner

Chaney

Friday, September 9, 1966-19

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

`The Martyrs'—Expose of Bigotry, Tribute
to '16 Who Gave Lives for Racial Justice'

the back. And there they were
—rabbi with a nigger . . . nig-
ger man, nigger woman—all in
there, feet to feet .. . Integra-
tion breaks every moral law
God ever wrote. Noah's son was
Ham and he committed adultery
and was banished and his sons
were Hamites and God banished
them and they went to Africa
and the only thing they ever
built was grass huts. No white
woman can never marry a
descendant of Ham. That's God's
law . . . I don't care what Lyn-
don Johnson or anybody else
says."

This is one of the strongest in-
dictments of the bigots, the white
supremacists, but in the struggle
for justice there were martyrs, and
16 of them are memorialized in
this splendid volume of tribute by
the Rev. Mendelsohn. Appropriate-
ly, the book concludes by quoting
as an epilogue the poem by Archi-
bald MacLeish, "The Young Dead
Soldiers." There is a set of photo-
graphs of the martyrs. The data is
revealing. This work may well
serve as a warning against repeat-
ed crimes and as an encourage-
ment to justice-loving citizens to
labor for civil rights and in oppo-
sition of all manifestations of big-
otry.

JERUSALEM (JTA)—New reg-
ulations will liberalize rules for
immigrants seeking to bring per-
sonal effects into Israel as part of
a current campaign to, encourage
immigration from -western coun-
tries. .
Newcomers will henceforth have
a month instead of the previous two
weeks to make customs declara-
tions on effects they want to im-
port. They also will have 18 months
instead of a year to actually im-
port these possessions. Encour-
agement of immigrants from the
West has become one of the main
goals of the government and tho
Jewish Agency.
Meanwhile former Premier
David Ben-Gurion reitereated
his sharp criticism of American
Zionist leaders, saying that
"never — not before the first
World War, or after the Balfour
Declarations or even now—did
they emigrate to Israel. They
found more honors in working
for Israel than working in
Israel."
He spoke at a Tel Aviv sympo-
sium in which Dr. Nahum Gold-
mann, president of the World
Zionist Organization, was also a
speaker.
The former premier also re-
iterated his doubts- about the need
for the Zionist movement, asking
"What is the difference in the
United States between Zionists and
non-Z ionist s? They both love
Israel."
He was particularly critical of
American Jewry, which he said
was on its way to absorption by
the non-Jewish majority and

assimilation. "Only Israel, Jewish
education and the Hebrew lan-
guage" could "keep American
Jewry Jewish," he said.
Dr. Goldmann insisted on the
unity of the Jewish people and on
the need for a Diaspora to ensure
Israel's survival. He said the issue
was not "a question of money or
other aid" from Jews outside of
Israel "but the need for cultural
ties, for something deeper, which
puts it aside from all other
nations."

41 a it I II 1 1 IIPA

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