Greatest Youth
AJCommittee Re-Elects M. Abram; Convention Views Important Issues
Jews. And this in my judgment is
WASHINGTON — Three pro- violence and of economic pres- ple what is really the true mean-
Service Increase
the finest example of what we
minent East Coast attorneys noted sures that cost them their jobs and ing of freedom. Because from the
really mean by this word Ameri-
Reported by HIAS also for their public, business and their homes.
experience of more than 5,000

Over 46,000 persons, the largest
number in almost two decades en-
rolled last year in vocational train-
ing and education programs con-
ducted overseas by ORT, the Or-
ganization for Rehabilitation
through Training, according to the
1966 ORT yearbook, released at
the agency's offices in New York
and in Geneva, Switzerland. Close
to 50,000 are expected to attend
this year.
The number of persons receiving
instruction in the trade and techni-
cal schools of the international
Jewish vocational agency "has con-
siderably more than doubled over
the decade", the annual report
states.
Continued mass migration, espe-
cially to France and Israel, has
created "a tremendous demand for
vocational aid to assist newcomers
in making an economic adjustment.
With 50,000 or more Jews expected
to migrate this year and with close
to 250,000 anticipated by 1970, the
demand for services that prepare
the refugees to earn a livelihood
will intensify", declares the publi-
cation.

At the same time, the ORT
yearbook calls attention to the
marked rise in the number of
Jewish youth who are turning
toward technical studies. It notes
that adolescents in the 14-18 age
bracket attending full time ORT
day trade and technical high
schools. with courses of study
extending three, four and five
years, have grown by 70 per cent
since 1960.

This aspect of ORT services is
dominant in its activities in Israel,
but also among the Jewish com-
munities of North Africa, Iran and
India and is of growing importance
in South America.
In the 20 countries in which it
operated last year, ORT conducted
633 training projects, which in ad-
dition to trade schools, Included
apprenticeship s e r v i c e, adult
courses, technical institutes, teach-
er training and a wide variety of
other programs. Over 1,500 instruc-
tors were employed to teach 70
di'lerent skills.
By far the most significant de-
velopment took place in Israel,
where ORT last year took the first
steps toward implementing a five
year plan to double the trainees in
its secondary schools, which are
presently located in 33 cities and
towns across the country.

Over 40,000 Israeli youth of
high school age are estimated
to be neither in school nor at
work. ORT's major objective is
to participate in the overall na-
tional plan so that "there shall
be no child in Israel, who need
fear his future will come to an
end with the end of his primary
education because there is no
place for him".

philanthropic posts were elected
to fill the top positions in the
American Jewish Committee as
the pioneer human relations
agency ended its 60th anniversary
annual meeting at the Shoreham
Hotel here.
Morris B. Abram of New York,
who serves as U.S. representative
to the United Nations Commission
on Human Rights, was reelected
president.
Sol M. Linowitz of Rochester,
N.Y., chairman of the board of
Xerox Corporation, who had been
a member of the policy-making
executive board of the committee,
was chosen as chairman of the
executive board.
Philip E. Hoffman of South
Orange, N.J., chairman of the exe-
cutive committee of the U.S. Real-
ty and Investment Co. of Newark,
was reelected chairman of the
board of governors.
Dr. John Slawson, social scien-
tist, New York, was re-elected exe-
cutive vice president.

Dr. William Haber, Ann Ar-
bor, was elected a life member
of the board.
A leading British historian
and behavioral psychologist told
the conferees that the mass mur-
der of Jews in Europe during
the 20th Century was made pos-
sible by a "collective psychosis"
under which Gentiles saw Jews
as a race "endowed with super-
human, quasi-demonic powers of
evil." Dr. Norman Cohn, direc-
tor of the newly-created Center
for Research into Collective Psy-
chopathology at the University
of Sussex, England, asserted that
during this period "a mass mad-
ness swept through Europe in-
jecting vast multitudes of or-
dinary, normal people." He stat-
ed that the seeds had been
planted by centuries of Christian
teaching that promoted the myth
of the Jews as "children of the
devil," which was activated the
moment modern-day agitators
began to play upon it.

Dr. Cohn urged a combined ef-
fort on the part of psychologists,
historians, sociologists and anthro-
pologists to undertake research
into the processes that led to these
catastrophes.
In showing the operation of
myth as a spur to hatred and vio-
lence, Dr. Cohn pointed out simi-
larities between the incitements
that caused murderous pogroms in
Kishinev, Russia, in 1903 and 1905
and the Nazi holocaust. In both in-
stances the "demonological view
of Jewry" was brought into play.
In Kishinev it was the charge of
ritual murder; in Nazi Germany it
was the charge that Jews --had a
secret government.

A report on racial tensions in
the South, issued jointly by the
Southern Regional Council and
the AJConimittee warned that
continued "white lawlessness"
could trigger "retaliatory vio-
lence" from Southern Negroes.

New schools and classes, opened
in the fall of 1965, made possible
the admission of 1,500 more first
year students than previously,
marking what the yearbook de-
The main hope of avoiding such
scribes as "the first . down payment violence, the report stated, is for
against the goal to be reached by "the realization of promises and
1970".
potential" for Negro Southerners
to be speeded. The report noted
U.S. Official Applauds
that there were forces at work en-
couraging race relations in the
Israel Youth Program
NEW YORK — (JTA) — Israel's South representative of the Ameri-
universal national service pro- can ideal, more so than ever before.
The report disclosed that follow-
gram, in which all young people
participate in some form of serv- ing the start of "peaceful" de-
ice to the country—whether in the segregation in the South in Sep-
military forces or through work tember 1965, 10 killings and "un-
on the land in pioneer settlements counted" beatings, burning s,
—could serve as a model for bombings, and shootings were re-
American use of its youth, 300 corded in the six-month period
members of the Labor Zionist Or- through the end of February. It
ganization—Poale Zion were told makes the point that such violence
by the associate director of the has not ended in the South; if any-
thing, it has intensified during the
United States Peace Corps.
The Peace Corps official, Har- period studied.
The report charged that only
ris Wofford, was the principal
speaker at a Labor Zionist lunch- token school integration thus far
eon honoring Ambassador Avra- had been achieved in the South,
ham Harman, Israel's envoy to with between 5 and 6 per cent of
Washington, as part of the Poale the South's 3,014,025 Negro chil-
Zionist observance of the 18th an- dren of school age now attending
niversary of Israel's independence. classes with whites, and that the
parents of the relatively few Negro
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
children who do not attend white
schools often have been victims of
12—Friday, May 20, 1966

Further, according to the re-
port, many Negroes who register
to vote or who attempt to send
their children to white schools are
beaten, lose their jobs, or are
evicted from their homes.
Hope was expressed that the
tightening of Federal desegrega-
tion guidelines and better en-
forcement would improve the
situation in schools next fall.

Although Jews make up be-
tween 10 and 12 per cent of the
student bodies and faculties at
America's '775 non-sectarian sen-
ior colleges and universities, pri-
vate and public, fewer than 1
per cent of the presidents of
these institutions are Jewish,
the delegates were told.
Since 1949, it is estimated, there

have been approximately 1,000 va-
cancies in the presidencies of pub-
licly-supported universities and sen-
ior colleges. Yet up to a month
ago, not one appointment had gone
to a Jew.
Of 1,720 deans in the 775 U.S.
colleges and universities surveyed,
45-2.6 per cent—are Jews. Twen-
ty-nine of those are in six institu-
tions. In the remaining 769 in-
stitutions, there are only 16 Jew-
ish deans—again fewer than 1 per
cent.
A major development in carry-

ing out Vatican Council H's
"Jewish Declaration" through
the study of references to Jews
and Judaism in Catholic religious
teachings has been launched by
scholars at Catholic University
of Louvain, Belgium, and these
scholars have started a 15-month
examination of ways in which
Jews and Judaism are portrayed
in Catholic school texts, prayer
books, and Bible commentaries
in the French language, which
is spoken by 60,000,000 Catholics.
The joint announcement of the
study project was made at the
convention.

The specific purpose of the proj-
ect, which already has aroused the
interest of Catholic research and
educational authorities throughout
Europe, is two-fold: to determine
how the Jewish world, both ancient
and modern, is presented in Cath-
olic religious materials used
throughout French-speaking Eu-
rope, Africa, and Canada:. and to
set up a scientific method for
study of references to Jews in oth-
er languages and in other kinds
of literature.

Dr. John Slawson, executive
vice-president of the committee,
reporting to the closing session
of the annual meeting, said that
the program, which since 1960
has been bringing teams of high-
ranking German educators to the
United States to study American
methods of civic education for
introduction into German
schools, has initiated a "re-evalu-
ation of the content, courses and
standards of social studies in
West German secondary schools."

He called on the Austrian gov-
ermnent to encourage a similar
project for that country, and stated
that "very high officials" in the
Austrian Ministry of Education has
expressed to him "enthusiasm for
an American educator visitor pro-:
gram." Based on these conversa-
tions, Dr. Slawson said, plans are
now under way to make arrange-
ments for the first group of Aus-
trians to come to the United States
in the near future.
A brief but stirring address was
delivered here by President John-
son at the convention of the Amer-
ican Jewish Committee where he
made an unexpected appearance on
Thursday and was presented with
the organization's American Liber-
ties Medallion, its highest award
"for exceptional advancement of
the cause of human liberty." The
President said:

"I am deeply appreciative of
this award for a contribution to
the cause of freedom. But to re-
ceive such an award from an or-
ganization such as yours is a trib-
ute beyond anything I have a
right to expect. No people know
more profoundly than your peo-

years you know that the threat
to your neighbors' freedom is
only a prologue to the attack on
your freedoms.
"Throughout history, your peo-
ple have been among the victims
of the enemies of freedom. Those
who thought they could sit idly
by and enjoy their own libel ty
while that of their fellow Jews
was taken away have always had
a rude awakening.
"Your organization, through
its programs to encourage the
growth of free institutions every-
where, has demonstrated the
principle of that historic lesson.
For you have fought not merely
for the rights of Jews but you
have fought with equal strength
for the rights of every suppressed
minority.
"You have defended the Cath-
olic and Protestant and the vic-
tims of racial discrimination no
less than you have always fought
for the rights of your fellow

canism.
"I am proud an privileged
that you have chosen me for this
award on this occasion. I will
treasure it as long as I live and
will pass it on to those who come
after me. Coming fro:n a group
such as yours, who have made
the path of freedom easier to
travel for all their fe7low citizens,
this award means just a little
more for this kind of man!'

At one of the sessions of the con-
vention, U. S. Ambassador to the
United Nations, Arthur Goldberg
urged immediate ratification by
the Senate of the human rights
treaties, the Genocide Convention,
acts on slavery, forced labor and
political rights of women.
The 60th anniversary meeting of

the committee closed with a lunch-
eon on Monday in the State Depart-

ment's diplomatic reception room,
after the election of officers of the
organization.

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