'Authentic Hero' of German Resistance Pictorial Record of Polish Jewry
Schocken Books has reissued as Jews in Poland before the holo-
Tells of Futile Tasks Against Hitler, a large
paperback the impressive caust, they explain the status of a
pictorial
record, "Polish Jews" by deeply religious community that
Relates Tragedies of Opposition in Party Roman Vishniac.
had been led to destruction.
Just about the same time that
it has been revealed that Winston
Churchill at one time wanted to
appease Adolf Hitler, Fabian von
Schlabrendorff, now one of Ger-
many's leading jurists, in "The Se-
cret War Against Hitler," pub-
lished by Pitman Publishing Corp.
(20 E. 16th, NY17), relates how an
effort was made by him, in behalf
of the opposition to the Fuehrer,
in 1938, to get Churchill to declare
firmly that Great Britain will not
accept unilateral action by Hitler.
In the interesting revelations of
the activities of the underground
movement against Hitler, in von
Schlabrendorff's book, such a let-
ter by Churchill to Gen. Ewald
von Kleist is quoted, but von
Schlabrendorff declares that:
"Any effect the letter might
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have had, however, was more
than counteracted by the Brit-
ish government's continued ef-
forts to appease the German
dictator. Hitler was convinced
that Ribbentrop, who had been
assuring him all along that Eng-
land was too 'decadent' to fight,
was right after all, and the
Munich agreement strengthened
this conviction as well as Hit-
ler's mounting intransigence."
Von Schlabrendorff tells of an
assignment given him, as one of
the opposition to Hitler, after
Kleist's trip to England, to con-
tact the British, to warn Lord
Lloyd of the imminence of war.
He, too, met with Churchill and
told him he was not a Nazi "but a
good patriot," to which Churchill
replied: "So am I." Churchill
wanted an assurance that the op-
position to Hitler would be help-
ful to the British. His journey,
made at the request of opposition
leader Admiral Wilhelm Canaries
—who later was executed by the
Nazis—"was as negative as those
of other emissaries sent by the op-
position" and their "warnings were
dismissed."
Von Schlabrendorff miracu-
lously escaped the fate of others
in the opposition who were mur-
dered by the Nazis for their op-
position to Hitler. He relates
how offers were made to assassi-
nate Hitler, but SS men always
surrounded and protected their
fuehrer to avoid any attempt on
his life.
"The Secret War Against Hit-
ler" gives an account of how Ad-
miral Canaris aided Jews, how, on
one occasion, he gave an order
that seven arrested Jews should
be released. He claimed they were
his agents in the Gestapo and he
managed to send them to Switzer-
land.
Von Schlabrendorff's book gives
a frightful account of a mass mur-
der operation that was carried out
by an SS Sonderkommando con-
sisting of Latvians. He states:
"Large contingents of Ukrainians,
Latvians, Hungarians and others
of various nationalities were en-
listed by the SS, which thereby
was turned into anything but 'a
purely German' organization."
His description of the action by
the Latvian SS Sonderkommando
where one murdered group of
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Jews was buried on top of another,
some of them still alive, in Bori-
sov, is accompanied by the follow-
ing note:
"News of this atrocity aroused
such a storm of fury and indig-
nation among the officers of the
Army Group Center that many
of them, with tears of rage in
their eyes, demanded that (Field
Marshal Fedor von) Bock, Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army
Group, intervene and put a stop
to these outrages. It was the
first time that we succeeded in
getting Bock to take at least
some action. It was ascertained
that the Jews of Borisov had ap-
pealed for help to the German
commandant of that city with
the words: 'We will not ask a
German general for help in
vain.' After having been request-
ed to report on the incident, the
commandant committed suicide.
He considered it irreconcilable
with his honor not to have been
able to stop the slaughter. Bock
did not dare use force against
the guilty persons; instead he
wrote a memorandum to Hitler
protesting the brutalities. Be-
cause of our protests, such atro-
cities as the one in Borisov were
prevented from occurring at
other locations within our dis-
trict."
There were other suicides by
protesting army men, there were
opposition moves, yet one wonders
why there was not a mass uprising
against mass murders, inhuman
atrocities, the plot to exterminate
an entire people.
Towards the end of 1944 and
the beginning of 1945, the arrests
of the opposition began. Von Schla-
brendorff was dismissed from the
army. Canaris, Kleist, Dietrich
Boenhoeffer and others were
hanged. The author of this reveal-
ing book first was ordered hanged,
then was to be shot, was moved to
Flossenbuerg extermination camp"
and was miraculously saved by
delays occasioned by approaching
American forces and the eventual
liberation.
Von Schlabrendorff's is an excel-
lent account of the oppostion by a
group of humane German army of-
ficers to Hitler. The book was ably
translated by Hilda Simon who has
drawn portraits of leaders of the
resistance which appear in this
book.
A foreward to the book by Gen-
eral John J. McCloy, former U. S.
High Commissioner in Germany,
praised Fabian von Schlabrendorff
as "one of the authentic and per-
sistent heroes of the Resistance."
AJCongress Warns
Holiday Observances in
Schools Are 'Actionable'
PHILADELPHIA — The Ameri-
can Jewish Congress has charged
that Christmas and Hanukah ob-
servances in the public schools
violate recent U.S. Supreme Court
decisions and are "actionable"
under the law.
The statement came from the
organization's policy-making gov-
erning council at the opening of
a two-day national meeting in the
Bellevue-Stratford Hotel here.
Theodore Mann of Philadelphia,
a national vice president, said in
a report to the Council that the
1962 and 1963 Supreme Court de-
cisions barring prayer recitation
and Bible reading in the public
schools also prohibited "holiday
observances which turn the class-
room into a chapel."
He praised the action on Dec. 9
of Dr. Carl A. Newman, supervis-
ing principal of the Gateway
Union School district in suburban
Pittsburgh, who notified teachers
that decorations or pageants de-
picting the birth of Christ would
conflict with Supreme Court rul-
ings barring religious practices in
the public schools.
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Friday, December 17, 1965-49
The role of pre-war Polish Jew
ry is depicted in a series of 31
large photographs. They show
scholars, children and grandpar-
ents, Hassidim, stall-keepers, stu-
dents . . .
There is an 11-page introductory
essay by Prof. Abraham Joshua
Heschel. It was excerpted from
Dr. Heschel's address before a
YIVO Scientific Research Insti-
tute conference.
In this essay, "The Inner World
of the Polish Jew," Dr. Heschel
reviews Polish Jewish history, tells
about the lights and shadows in
their lives.
The photographs were selected
from 2,000 Vishniac took in 1938.
While they are pictures of the
Fighting Birth Defects
The U. S. has more young people
than ever before. This means more
marriages and more babies in the
years ahead. More births means
more birth defects; because birth
defects now occur in an estimated
six to seven per cent of all live
births. The National Foundation-
March of Dimes is fighting birth
defects on a vaster scale than ever.
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