— •
Congressmen Demand U.S. End War Potentials
Escalation in ME; Roosevelt Role Challenged
WASHINGTON (JTA) — A Re-
publican Congressman told the
House of Representatives on Sept.
1 that the United States should
warn leaders of the Arab states
against war with Israel, while a
Democrat called upon the U.S.
to persuade all countries in the
Middle East to stop escalating their
war potentials.
Rep. Frank J. Horton, New York
Republican, said in a speech on the
House floor that the United States
could do more to encourage Arab-
Israel peace by making it "abso-
lutely clear that we will not toler-
ate any attempt to change the bor-
ders of any state in the Middle
East by force." He said: "We
should do this strongly enough to
convince any doubters among the
Arab leadership that a war against
Israel is futile: If we make our
position forcefully enough, and
clearly demonstrate our commit-
ment to Israel, there is an excel-
lent chance that the arms race may
cease."
"through its foreign aid program,
has a powerful device which could
be used to persuade the countries
of the Middle East to yield in the
arms race, and devote their con-
siderable efforts to more construc-
tive ends."
He stated that, "without playing
favorites, the United States in the
future could make assistance con-
tingent upon the countries' willing-
ness to slacken arms development
and step up economic development
in cooperation with the other coun-
tries in the area. We should also
consider joining with other nations
to help the Middle East in a co-
ordinated large-scale economic de-
velopment program, similar to the
one which President Johnson has
proposed for Southeast Asia," he
said.
Rep. Horton pointed out that
a stronger U. S. anti-aggression
guarantee was desirable because
"no matter how much is devoted
to military equipment, none of
these countries can ever hope to
match the United States." He
said that, "once the futility of
any attempt to settle the prob-
lems of the Middle East by force
is seen, it will be possible to allo-
cate more time and increased
funds toward finding a solution
to the many economic and social
problems which remain."
In the other address on the Mid-
dle East, Rep. Henry S. Reuss, Wis-
consin Democrat, told the House
that United States aid to the Arab
states and Israel should be linked
to the reduction of arms expendi-
tures by those countries. He de-
clared that the United States,
in depicting the aid program as a
mechanism to influence de-escala-
tion of military spending in the
Middle East.
Deploring the military expendi-
tures of Mideast nations, Rep.
Reuss pointed out that the
United States, with all its global
commitments, spent between 9
percent and 10 percent of its
gross national product on na-
tional defense. By comparison,
he noted, in a recent year, Egypt
spent 8.6 percent of its GNP;
Syria, 12.7 percent; Iraq, 8.6
percent; Jordan, 22.8 percent;
and Israel, 8.2 percent. He term-
ed the Arab and Israeli defense
budgets "wholly unreasonable
rates of expenditure." He said
that, if Mideast countries re-
duced defense outlays, "much of
the wealth of the area could be
put to improving the lives of the
people."
Urging a move to tie further
U. S. aid to reduction of military
expenditures, Rep. Reuss noted
that between 1945 and 1964, the
United States provided Egypt with
$888,900,000 in economic aid. Is-
rael received $771,000,000, and
Jordan got $429,000,000, he said,
Polk's 'U. S. and Arab World'
Evaluates Middle East Policies
William R. Polk, member of the
U.S. State Department Policy
Planning Council, in an analysis
of the Middle East situation, in
"The United States and the Arab
World," published by Harvard
University Press, apparently offe-rs
the State Department view in emp-
hasizing that "American goals and
those of the Arabs are not in con-
flict."
But he points to difficulties and
he warns that the stakes are high,
that "no player can afford to
throw in his hand." He indicates
that "the United States will find
that major instruments of policy
in the Middle East in the years
to come will be in supplying advice
and aid on the one hand, and
on the other the retention of a
police force. The one will facili-
tate a growth of healthier societies
in the area, and the other will pre-
vent and outbreak of hostilities."
"The principal danger now
discernible is a renewed outbreak
of the Arab-Israel war, and the
_principal opportunity is a settle-
ment of the Arab-Israel hostility,"
he declares. "Even short of large-
scale, overt hostilities, the present
tension is costing the Arabs —
and the Israelis — vast amounts
of resources which are badly
needed elsewhere. Even saving
one per cent of the 10 per cent or
more of gross national product
now diverted to armaments would
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significantly assist national de-
velopment."
Roosevelt Reiterates Link
of German Payments
to Arab Refugee Issue
WASHINGTON (JTA) — Rep.
James Roosevelt, Ambassador-des-
ignate to the United Nations econo-
mic and social council, said that,
while in his remarks in the House
of Representatives he did not in-
tend to link Jewish claims against
Germany with Arab claims against
Israel, he could "only repeat that,
because Israel has collected sub-
stantial reparations for German
injuries to Jewish people, it is fit-
ting and just, as Israel herself has
constantly recognized, that there
be a just settlement of claims of
Arab refugees." Roosevelt explain-
ed, in answer to criticism voiced
by Rep. Seymour Halpern, New
York Republican, that "I merely
urge stronger initiative in order
to commence the dialogue neces-
sary to achieve peace in the Mid-
dle East." Rep. Roosevelt, the eld-
est son of President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, voiced "regret" that
Rep. Halpern charged him with
equating, in effect, the Nazi geno-
cide against Jews with the situa-
tion of the Palestinian Arab refu-
gees.
The Baltimore Sun said, under
a headline reading "Roosevelt Re-
neges on Arab Stand," that Rep.
Roosevelt is abandoning what some
considered a partisan stand on the
Arab-Israel issue "as he continued
preparations here to become one
of the five United States' Ambas-
sadors to the United Nations."
Paul W. Ward, Washington cor-
respondent of the Sun, pointed out
that Rep. Roosevelt has now stated
that the pro-Israel views he pre-
viously voiced "cannot be binding
upon me in the new duties which
I shall assume." Ward emphasized
that Roosevelt added: "I pray
that, in my new assignment, I may
be the friend of all the representa-
tives of the people of the Near
East."
Pointing to the efforts that were
made by Eric Johnston to solve the
Middle East problems, Polk states
that "in the Arab states there was
no appreciation of Western at-
tempts to be impartial. Egyptian
anti-Western propaganda grew in
bitterness, and this propaganda
played an important part in creat-
ing an atmosphere in which Great
Britain lost its control over the
Jordan army."
Reviewing the history of Arab-
Israeli conflicts, touching upon the
Sinai Campaign, Polk asserts that
the United States looked with
sympathy upon Israeli demands
for free shipping through the Suez,
for an end to the Arab boycott
and for direct negotiations be-
tween Israel and the Arab states,
because "Egypt had done much
to provoke the (Israeli) attack,"
yet, he adds, "the United States
also was worried about the implica-
tions of a solution brought about
by the use of force . . ."
The awkwardness of Arab-Soviet
relationships is touched upon in
regard to to the American-Arab
relations.
The Polk volume is a valuable
review of the situation and helps
understand our government's at-
titude on the Middle East 'situa-
tion. The numerous maps, the fact-
ual data and resort to numerous
historical backgrounds lead to an
enlightening approach to a major
world issue.
Although for more than half a
century Yeshiva University was an
all-male institution, women now
comprise more than 30 per cent of
the enrollment. They are attend-
ing Stern College for Women,
:Teachers Institute for Women,
two high schools for girls, and all
graduate and professional schools.
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
8—Friday, September 10, 1965
Boston City Council
Raps Arab Boycott
BOSTON (JTA) — The Boston
City Council has adopted unani-
mously a resolution denouncing the
Arab boycott of Israel, and urging
Congress to enact a law "affirm-
ing a policy of open and fair trade
and international cooperation in
the market places of the free
world."
The resolution, introduced by
Councilman Christopher A. Ian-
nelia, at the suggestion of the Bos-
ton Jewish Community Council, de-
clared that the boycott and econo-
mic pressure against Israel were
against the "American concept of
fair business practices and our an-
nounced policy of economic cooper-
ation as a means of establishing
peace throughout the free world."
Copies of the resolution were
sent to Massachusetts members of
•the House of Representatives, to
Sen. Leverett Saltonstall and to
Sen. Edward M. Kennedy.
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Now accepting reservations for
HIGH HOLY DAY SERVICES
in our beautiful Synagogue
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at Both Locations. For Information call, 864-9896.
OUR APOLOGIES...
ON BEHALF OF
CONGREGATION B'NAI DAVID
As we cannot provide any additional seating
For HighHoly Day services
We express our sincere regrets
To all who have indicated interest in affiliation
That we cannot accept any more applications for
Synagogue membership this year.
We are prepared to accept a LIMITED number
of applications for membership effective
JUNE 1, 1966—by which time our new sanctuary
addition and school facilities, now under
construction, will, please G-D, be completed
We extend our best wishes to one and all
For a Healthy and Happy New Year.
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Jack J. Kraizman, Pres.
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