Jews' Woes Told
in Morocco Iraq
Jewish Groups Seeking Regulations for School Aid Act
(Continued from Page 1)
his nationality as a means of divest-
ing him of the right to return to
his country; that no one shall be
arbitrarily denied such travel docu-
ments as may be required for him
to leave the country or to return
to his country ... and that no sanc-
tion, penalty, punishment or re-
prisal shall attach to any person
for exercising or attempting to
exercise the right to leave any
country, including his own, or to
return to his country . . ." The
memorandum cites the following
examples of discrimination, as re-
ported by sources in Europe and
the Middle East:
It is reported that over a period
of time the government of Iraq
has enacted a series of laws and
regulations applicable specifically
and solely to members of the Jew-
ish faith. The culmination is a
/963 law requiring all Iraqi Jews,
oth within and outside the coun-
9
ay,
to apply for new identity
cards by August 1964, or be de-
nationalized and their assets in
Iraq be frozen with retroactive ef-
fect to December 1963.
It is further reported that this
law has been applied with great
severity and in an arbitrary man-
ner. Some Iraqi consulates have
refused on a variety of technical-
ities and pretexts of legalize ap-
plications or to forward individual
applications.
As for the Jews presently re-
siding in Iraq, eve _ n those who
have been issued new identity
cards have been made subject to
special regulations restricting their
travel outside the country. For in-
stance, according to a July 1964
regulation of the Ministry of the
Interior no Iraqi Jews, with the
exception of students, may go
abroad for more than one year,
even for medical reasons; and in
most instances the maximum al-
lowed is four months or less.
Those Jews who for any reason do
not return within the specified
period, incur loss of citizenship
and freezing of property.
It is further reported that in re-
cent months virtually no Jews
have been allowed any travel at
all outside Iraq, not even for pur-
poses and for time periods within
the limits of these discriminatory
regulations.
Finally, it is reported that not
only have innocent persons been
subjected to loss of nationality and
deprivation of property, but Iraqi
officials have on occasion incon-
siderately refused to provide even
those Iraqi Jews abroad who have
resigned themselves to loss of
their nationality, with documents
evidencing such loss, to enable
them to obtain alternative travel
documents from the countries in
which they presently reside.
The League has national affili-
ates in Austria, Canada, Came-
roons, Denmark, England, • Ger-
many, Hong Kong, India, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latin
America, Mexico, New Zealand,
Okinawa, Pakistan, Phillipine
Islands, South Africa, Switzer-
land and the United States.
(Continued from Page 1)
The portion of the law that pro-
vides for loans of textbooks and
library resources to pupils and
teachers, including those in non-
public schools, requires especiali-
ally stringent regulation, the Jew-
ish groups suggested, to avoid con-
flict with the constitutional pro-
hibition of public aid to religious
schools, and with state laws.
Accordingly they proposed that
the Commissioner require that
textbooks and other materials be
made available to individual teach-
ers and pupils and not to schools,
that they remain the property of
the public authority and bear
labels or imprints so stating, that
only books and materials approved
for public school use be provided,
that they be supplemental to ma-
terial already available and do not
supplant such material, and that a
central depository from which
children and teachers can check
out the books be established
wherever practicable within a
school district or other area.
In addition, the Jewish groups
also proposed regulations to as-
sure that the administration of
the law will "not in any way
inure to the enrichment of any
private institution," that funds
will not be used to pay salaries
of private school teachers or to
finance the buying of equipment
for private schools or to pay for
buildings or equipment that will
be "to the pecuniary advantage
of any nonpublic institution."
They also urged that except
where it is impossible only public
school premises be used for ren-
dering any of the special services
authorized under the law. The
doctrines of some religiOns forbid
entering in the churches or reli-
gious premises of other faiths,
they pointed out, citing Orthodox
Judaism as an example.
Special state commissions to
deal with the distribution of
funds under the recently en-
acted Federal education act have
History of the Public Library Reveals
Roles of Jewish Commission Members
Wayne State University Press
has produced another outstanding
work which serves as an important
addendum to the history of De-
troit. "Parnassus on Main Street"
by Frank B. Woodford, being a hi-
story of the Detroit Public Library,
issued on the occasion of the li-
brary's 100th anniversary, is filled
with interesting data about Detroit
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and Michigan and is a valuable re-
cord of the development of one
of the most noteworthy of Detroit's
cultural functions.
Members of the Jewish Commu-
nity will be especially interested in
the roles that were played in the
library's activities by a number of
the state's outstanding leaders.
Magnus Butzel, for example, as far
back as 83 years ago, was one of
the most outspoken members of
the Detroit Library Comission on
matters relating to the library, its
revenues, its varied functions.
In 1892, as chairman of the com-
mission, Butzel called for an en-
largement of the library building,
in his annual report.
Woodford found Butzel's acti-
vities of sufficient importance to
include in his history a biography
of the Jewish leader. He quotes
him at length and relates his ex-
periences, in 1893, as one of the
delegates to the joint convention
in Chicago of the International
Library Congress and the Amer-
ican Library Association. An ex-
planation by Butzel of the li-
brary's purposes also is quoted.
The Magnus Butzel Branch li-
brary, designated as branch 10,
was opened Oct. 13, 1913, in its pre-
sent building, East Grand Boule-
vard at Harper. Butzel served on
the Library Commission from 1883
to 1900.
Another prominent member of
the Detroit Library Commission
was Bernard Ginsburg, who served
from 1909 to 1914. Ginsburg joined
other commission members, in
1912, on an inspection tour of li-
braries in eight American cities.
The Bernard Ginsburg Library
opened as branch 11 in Decem-
ber 1913 in rented quarters at 91
Brewster on May 15, 1917. The
building was turned over to the
Recreation Department in May
1927 because of declining patron.
age. It was relocated in a rented
store on Hastings and closed per-
manently in November 1928.
Other members of the Detroit
Library Commmission included
David E. Heinman, 1918-20; Dr.
Leo M. Franklin, 1927-48; Henry
Meyers, 1948-52. Dr. Leon Fram
is presently a member of the com-
mission, having served since 1953.
Hiram C. Goldberg served as an
ex-officio member of the commis-
sion from 1912 to 1913 and Leonard
Kasle was an ex-officio member
1957-58 and 1963-64.
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Friday, July 9, 1965-7
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