British Rule in Palestine BY JOSEF FRAENKEL CROSSROADS TO ISRAEL. By Christopher Sykes. ALLENBY. By Brian Gardner. MANDATE MEMORIES-1918-1948. By Norman and Helen Bentwrich. The latest book by Christopher Sykes is an important contribution to the history of Zionist, Arab and British policies during the Pale- stine Mandatory era. Christopher Sykes was just ten years old when his father, Sir Mark Sykes, opened the gates to Weizmann and Sokolow (February 1917) for direct negotiations with the government which led to the Balfour Declaration. He witnessed the development of events from Balfour to Bevin and served dur- ing the last war in the Middle East. His "Two Studies in Virtue" (1953) includes a fine essay on the origins of the Balfour Declaration and six years later, his "Orde Wingate" too was well received. Sir Mark Sykes lives on in Zionist history (Sykes-Picot Agreement and Chris- topher Sykes will be remembered for his books on Zionism and Pale- stine. It is a remarkable book, chal- lenging — even provoking. The reader will be fascinated, excited, agitated or angered. The book consists of 14 chapters, each dealing with memorable hap- penings in their chronological or- der. Sykes presents the policies and points of view of the Zionists, Arabs and British, and then gives his own judgment, sometimes for and at other times against the Zi- onists, Arabs or British. :50—BUSINESS CARDS ALL STAR VAN & STORAGE Anywhere, anytime, any place. By the hour, $9.50 for 2 men or free estimates on flat rates. 568-2516 VIENNA FURRIER takes remodeling, repairs at a reasonable, price. DI 1-0462. DECORATING, interior, exterior paint- ing. Small carpenter work. Clean and quick service. Call Bill Powell. 542-3270. LAWN SPRINKLER SERVICE INSTALLATION and MAINTENANCE WORK GUARANTEED 527-5044 55-A—MISCELLANEOUS WANTED TURN YOUR OLD SUITS, topcoats, shoes into cash. DI 2-3717. 56 — ANTIQUES REFINISHING, REPAIRING, RE- STORING of old furniture and an- tiques. Expert work. Reasonable prices. Pick-up and delivery. Decore Antiques, Inc. 16527 Hamilton Highland Park TO 1-5357 57—FOR SALE: HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND FURNISHINGS Appliances, Washer Dryer, Small Gas Stove, Lovely ' Colonial Dining Rm. Furniture, Chest of Drawers, Very Fine Piano, Oil Paintings. 15031 DARTHMOUTH, OAK PK. (NR. GREENFIELD - 10 MI.) SUNDAY 2-5 59-B—PIANOS FOR SALE Kimball Console Piano. Medium Brown Walnut. Nice condition. Bench. $550. 15031 DARTMOUTH, OAK PK. (NR. GREENFIELD-10 MI.) SUNDAY 2.5 61-A—GARAGE WANTED WANTED to Rent: Garage in Rose- lawn-Northlawn-Curtis area. Call 341- 6348 between 6-10 p.m. THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 38—Friday, April 30, 1965 Sykes recalls Theodor Herzl's "Der Judenstatt" and writes: "This was the idea, enthusiast- ically shared by Balfour, which inspired Zionism." Then he in- cludes an excerpt from his "Two Studies in Virtue" of Max Nor- dau's statement in 1920, that the word "Heimstaette" of the Basle Program was a synonym and "circumlocution" for State, and Sykes accuses "the Zionists in London" of being "guilty of double-dealing". On the one hand "a Sokolow or a Leon Si- mon" gave an assurance that Zi- onism did not mean a Jewish State while others affirmed that Zionism aimed at a State. This view is outdated and hypocriti- cal. There were Cultural, Polit- ical and Practical Zionists and their various interpretations could be found in all the Zionist textbooks. But in 1917, before and after the Balfour Declara- tion, the opinion of "the Zionists in London" was expressed by Chaim Weizmann at the Confer- ence of the Zionist Federation (May 1917): "States must be built slowly, gradually, systemat- ically and patiently. We, there- fore, say that while the creation of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine is our final ideal—an ideal for which the whole of the Zionist Organization is working —the way to achieve it lies through a series of intermediary stages." Sir Mark Sykes (who died in February 1919) had seen Lord Rothschild's letter in the Times (May 25, 1917) concerning "the establishment of an autonomous Jewish State" and he had attended and addressed numerous private and public Zionist meetings and was acquainted with the various Views. Besides, J. A. Balfour and Lloyd George stated that by the Balfour Declaration they had al- ways meant an eventual Jewish State. A few weeks after the Balfour Declaration, Hanukah 1917, Gen- eral Allenby liberated Jerusalem, after 400 years of Turkish rule. Allenby's victory was celebrated in every Jewish home, especially in the Holy City which had a Jew- ish majority. Brian Gardner's biography de- scribes Allenby as a great or one of the greatest generals of the First World War. The book will attract readers interested in mili- tary strategy. But it contains very little on Zionism. Gardner who studied Allenby's private archives could have dealt more fully with the subject. Lloyd George first asked Gen- eral Jan Christian Smuts, a sin- cere friend of Zionism, to take over the Palestine Command, but he declined. Allenby was therefore appointed (June 1917) and b e f or e leaving London, Lloyd George presented him with "The Historical Geography of the Holy Land" by Sir George Adam Smith. The first difficulties and con- flicts with the Zionists flowed not from the Arabs but from the hos- tile military administration. Allen- by "immediately" forbade the pub- lication of the Balfour Declaration in Palestine. When Col. Meinertz- hagen complained about this, he was recalled to London from Palestine. The anti-Zionist military adminis- tration nourished and supported Arab nationalism and Arab hatred. For two and a half years the text, the spirit and the hopes of the B a If our Declaration were sup- pressed, encouraging the growth of Arab disturbances and producing the basic source of future White Papers. The historian Christopher Sykes names this chapter—"Inter- regnum with Chaos." From July 1920 until May 1948, from the first High Commissioner of Palestine, Herbert Samuel, to the last, Sir Alan Cunningham, there were, almost without inter- ruption, dramatic clashes between the three bodies: the Mandatory Power, the Arabs and the Jews. Whenever the Arabs organized vi- olent demonstrations, London ap- . pointed a Royal Commission to prepare a White Paper, usually unfavorable to the Yishuv. Trans- jordan — an illegitimate child of Zionism—was established. • In spite of the White Papers Jews contin- ued the upbuilding of Palestine. From one White Paper to the next —the Yishuv became stronger and the number of Jews increased from 100,000 to half a million. Sykes writes skilfully of the his- toric events in Palestine within the framework of the political situa- tion of the world, and of Balfour, Lloyd George, Herbert Samuel, Churchill, the Mufti, Lord Plumer and Harry Truman. But his tender hero is Weizmann. He considers him "one of the supreme diplomat- ists of his time," who achieved most of his triumphs "through private interviews, where his per- sonal charm could have full play." But Weizmann's enchantment was futile in the presence of Lord Passfield, whom Sykes condemned as "the most anti-Zionist Secretary of State with whom Zionists had to deal at any time." At that time about 170,000 Jews lived in Pale- stine. Fifteen years later the num- ber had increased to nearly 600,000 and Ernest Bevin shouted at Weiz- mann: "If you want a fight you can have it !" And the intense fight ended with the establishment of the State of Israel. Sykes often uses the adjec- tives: "moderate" and "extrem- ist." When a "moderate" adopts the ideas of an "extremist," he still remains a "moderate." But if an "extremist" is converted to "moderate" views, he is still called an "extremist." Jabotin- sky is an "extremist" * and Bent- wich a "moderate.". One has to admire Norman Bent- wich. This young patriarch who was and is still active in numerous societies, has published 30 books, is constantly preparing new pub- lications, writing articles, presid- ing over or addressing meetings, flying between London and Jeru- salem and, on the way, visiting Germany or Ethiopa. In 1940 he and his sister Margery wrote a book about their father Herbert Bentwich, a co-founder of the Zi- onist Federation of Great Britain and about their mother, Susie. Now, he and his wife, Helen, a relative of Sir Herbert Samuel, have produced "Mandate Memo- ries." Incidentally, Helen Bent- wich was chairman of the London County Council (1956-1957). From July 1, 1920, the military administration became a civil one with Herbert Samuel as High Com- missioner. Norman Bentwich, the attorney general in Palestine, and his wife were collaborators and participants in the events. They knew all the leading personalities and the book reflects their impres- sions, their efforts to reach an un- derstanding with the Arabs, their service to the population of Pale- stine and their reaction to personal insults. Norman Bentwich, a peace- loving liberal, a supporter of Brith Shalom tried to be impartial and to bring harmony into Jewish-Arab relationships. But peace-making ac- tions only increased the mistrust of the Jews and of the Arabs. There was always a "Bentwich affair." An Arab shot and wound- ed him, Zionist students, mainly Revisionists, demonstrated against him, and the bitterly anti-Zionist part of the civil administration wanted him to resign because he was a Jew." The reader will discover a fund of political and social stories which only the Bentwiches could recount and a description of the beginning and end of British rule in Palestine. Although I am not in agreement with all the views expressed by Sykes and Bentwich, I enjoyed reading the two stimu- lating books. Max Hirsch was named the third top trainer during the past 40 years in a poll taken nationally by Hialeah Racetrack. Hirsch Jacobs was fourth in the trainer's, cate- gory while Walter Blum was fourth among jockeys. Classical Scholar Sir Leon Simon Dies in London; Adviser to. Israel LONDON (JTA)—Sir Leon Si- mon, who combined careers as a British government official, ad- viser to the government of Is- rael and a recognized classical scholar in Greek and Hebrew, died here Tuesday at age 84. Monument Unveilings (Unveiling announcements may be inserted by mailing or by calling The Jewish News office, 17100 W. 7 Mile Rd., Detroit 35. VE 8-9364. Written an- nouncements must be accompanied by the name and address of the person making the insertion. There is a stana- ing charge of $3.00 for an unveiling notice, measuring an inch in depth.) * * The family of the late Isadore Shapiro announces the unveiling of a monument in his memory noon Sunday, May 9, at Beth Abra ham Cemetery. Rabbi Sperka will officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. * * * The family of the late Samuel Spinner announces the unveiling of a monument in his memory noon Sunday, May 2, at Chesed shel Emes Cemetery. Rabbi Goldschlag will officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. * * The family of the late Harry Entin announces the unveiling of a monument in his memory 1 p.m. Sunday, May 2, at Workman's C i r c l e Cemetery.. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. * * * The family of the late Josephine Wolf announces the unveiling of a monument in her memory 10 a.m. Sunday, May 9, at Clover Hill Park Cemetery. Rabbi Lehrman will officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. The Family of the Late Educated at Oxford University, he served as director of telecom- munications at the British gen- eral post office and as director of the Post Office Savings Bank. After retiring from the British civil service, he served as chair- man of the board of governors of the Hebrew University and ad- viser to the Israel government in several fields. He translated ancient Greek literature into Hebrew and He- brew into English. A disciple of the Hebrew philosopher essay- ist, Achad Haam, he wrote a biog- raphy and many essays on him. The Family of the Late JEANETTE SHAP I RO Announces the unveiling of a monument in her memory noon Sunday, May 2, at Machpelah Cemetery. Rabbi Gorrelick will offi- ciate. Alb The Family of the Late BERNARD KAUFMAN announces the unveiling of a monument in his memory 2 p.m. Sunday, May 2, at Beth El Memo- rial Park. Rabbi Syme will officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. The Family of the Late SARAH SA DOV I TZ ROSE JACKSON Announces the unveiling of a. monument in her memory 11:30 a.m. Sun- day, May 9, at Beth Tefilo Emanuel Cemetery. Rabbi Levin will officiate. Rela- tives and friends are ask- ed to attend. Announces the unveiling of a monument in h e r memory 1 p.m. Sunday, May 9, at Chesed shel Emes Cemetery. Rabbi Goldschlag will oxiciate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. The Family of the Late The Family of the Late REBECCA REISMAN TRINDA DAVID MILLER Announces the unveiling of a monument in her memory 1:30 p.m. Sun- day, May 2, at Chesed shel Emes Cemetery. Rabbi I. Halpern will officiate. Re- latives and friends are asked to attend. Announces the unveiling of a- monument in h i s memory 11 a.m. Sunday, May 2, at Northwest He- brew Memorial Park Cemetery. Rabbi Segal will officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. The Family of the Late The Family of the Late PHILIP M ENDELSON SAMUEL GORDENKER Announces the unveiling of a monument in h i is memory 1 p.m. Sunday, May 2, at Hebrew Memo- rial Park Cemetery, Pin- sker Section. Rabbi Hal- pern will o-f ficiat e. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. Announces the unveiling of a monument in h i s memory 1:30 p.m. Sunday, May 9,_ at Machpelah Cemetery. Rabbi Brender w i 1 I officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend. The Family of the Late The Family of the Late HARRY ALEXANDER Announces the unveiling of a monument in h i s memory 1 p.m. Sunday, May 9, at Chesed shel Emes Cemetery. Rabbi Sperka will officiate. Rela- tives and friends are asked to attend. J EANNE H ERSH Announces the unveiling' of a monument in h e r memory 12 noon Sunday, May 2, at Clover Hill Park Cemetery. Rabbi Syme w i 11 officiate. Relatives and friends are asked to attend.