Dr. Theodor Herzl and the Vatican

BY DR. S. U. NAHON

The problem of the Holy Places

, he did not meet until 1899. During

I his journey to Palestine in 1898,

in Palestine and the connections Herzl dreamt of a new Jerusalem,
between Zionism and the Roman whereas the Old City would be-
Church occupied Herzl's mind from ! come "Lourdes, Mecca and Yeru-
the very beginning of his Zionist shalayim."
work.
In "AltneulancL7 written - in 1902,
A reference to the Holy places Herz' treats ones_/More the
is to be found in his "The Jewish problem of the Holy Places: "Ro-
State" where he suggested a kind man Law has a concept which
of extra-territoriality guaranteed applies very well here: res sacrae
by international law for such holy extra commercium. This was the
sites.
safest. in fact the only way to
In May 1896 Herzl met Agliardi, make them the common property
the Apostholic Nuncius in Vienna. of all believers for ever."
and the following year he tried,
* * *
unsuccessfully, to see Monsignor
Herzl desired to establish direct
Taliana, the new Envoy of the contacts with the Pope on the occa-
Vatican in Vienna, whom, however, sion of his visit to Rome to see
the King of Italy. This journey
was first planned in August 1903,
during the 6th Zionist Congress,
and was undertaken only in Janu-
ary 1904.
In the correspondence between
Herzl and Dr. Felice Ravenna, the
10770 W. 9 MILE RD., OAK PARK
president of the Italian Zionist
Federation. the proposed audience
with the Pope occupies an impor-
tant place. "I must see the Pope
as soon as possible," writes Herzl
to Ravenna on September 5, 1903.
In a further letter, dated Septem-
FAST
ber 10, 1903, he defines the pur-
Carry-Out & Delivery Service
pose of the audience with the Pope
thus: "We want only the prophane
land in Palestine. We entertain
no idea of infringing on the Holy
4C
Places: these have to be -
4C
tionalized: .res sacrae extra corn-
mercium. I want this proposal to
4C '
be accepted and supported by the
Versatile Comic
4( ' Pope. as the spiritual Sovereign
respected and recognized even by
the Christians of the other
Churches."
;.1
*
se-
Dr. Ravenna didhis
cure the audience for Herzl but
did not succeed. Iri this connection
he hoped to use the good offices
of a Jewish M.P. Signor Loono
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of a casual meeting between Herzl
and Count Lippay, painter at the
Vatican, on January 19 at the
Bier Hall of the Bauer Hotel in
Venice. Without previous an-
nouncement Lippay took Herzl
the Secretary of State, Merry del
Val, on January 22.
"The wait," writes Herzl, "was
far from tedious. There was con-
tinuous entertainment in the com-
ings and goings of the guards,
chamberlains, prelates and the
flunkeys in their red damask-silk
liveries. All the colors were mar-
vellously blended: the world's
greatest artists had collaborated
Ladies gowned
with the tailors
in black, and ribboned and ro-
setted gentlemen in swallow-tails,
emerged from the second ante-
chamber, where I caught a glimpse
of a red carpet. They were coming
from the Pope.
"It all had the unmistakable air
of a great court.
"And the crucified one, pitiable
and suffering, the image of human
misery, looked down from his
bronze form upon the marble walls
and the court life that thrives
here in his name—and has thriven
these many centuries. If he could
have foreseen it all when he cried
from the cross "Eli, Eli!" would it
have made his death easier or
harder?"
* * *
The Secretary of State told
Herzl that he could not see how
the Vatican could take any initia-
tive in the matter. The Jews "per-
sist in denying the divinity of
Christ. How then. short of aban-
doning our own highest principles,
can we agree to their regaining
possession of the Holy Land? . . .
The History of Israel is our own
history, it is our foundation. But
in order that we should come out
for the Jewish people in the way
you desire, they would first have
to accept conversion." In the end
the Cardinal " promised t h e prise

en consideration of my request."
On January 25, 1904, Herzl was
received by Pope Pius X, again
through the medium of Count

Lippay.
The Pope was kind in the form,
but shrewd in the content of his
answers: the Vatican could not
favor the Zionist movement. "The
Jews have not recognized our Lord
and we cannot recognize the Jew-
ish people . . . Either the Jews
maintain their ancient faith and
continue to await the Messiah; who
we believe has already appeared,
in which case they are clamping
the divinity of Jesus and we can-
not assist them. or else they go

there with nor religion whatever,
and then we can have nothing to

do with them."
The Pope expressed his benevo-
lence towards the Jews as indi-
viduals. "There are other bonds
than those of religion: social inter-
course, for example, and philan-•
thropy. Such bonds we do not
refuse to maintain with the Jews."
But on the question of the Jews'
return to Palestine, Pius X was
persistent: "If you come to Pales-
tine and settle your people there,
we will be ready with Churches
and priests to baptize all of you."
Herzl's audience with the Pope
was his last with a Head of State
and one of his last with political
leaders. Before leaving Rome, on
January 26, 1904, Herzl was re-
ceived by the Italian Foreign Min-
ister, Tomaso Tittoni, and, on April
30, 1904, a few days before leaving
Vienna never to return there,
Herzl was received by the Austrian
foreign minister, Baron Goluchov
sky. This took place two months

before his death.

•

Bust of Jewish Artist
Unveiled in Rio Square

RIO DE JANEIRO (JTA) — A
bust of Lazar Segal, famous Jewish-
Brazilian artist, was unveiled here
in one of the squares in the center
of this city. The honor was paid
to Segal on the 30th anniversary
of the first exhibition of modern
art in this country. That show, in
1934, consisted entirely of works
by Segal.

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34 Friday, September 18,

—

1964

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