Israeli Swimmers Margaret Kovarsky established a new Israeli record in the 200-meter wait to put Hoggan's work on the market for the delectation of his breaststroke with a 3:04.0 clock- ing, while Gershon Shefa, swim- political friends." ming in a 25-meter pool, lowered Dr. Herbert Grabert, the pub- the men's mark to 2:38.4. A 200- lisher, is a vigorous Germany meter butterfly record of 2:23.7 apologist in his own right, hav- was posted by Yitzhak Lurie, while ing been convicted once for a book he wrote on "A People Esther Tsvering set a junior na- Without Leadership." He trans- tional 200-meter breaststroke rec- lated two of Hoggan's books into ord with a 3:08.5 time. German and put them on the A GOOD MAN TO KNOW ! market. A fifth edition of the current work (under the title "The Imposed War" in German) For Some is scheduled for early publica- tion. of the "It would not be amiss to look best buys for the backers of this new histori- on new cal myth among those circles who intend to encourage new 'studies' Pontiacs by Hoggan through substantial monetary contributions," Janssen and suggests. Tempest One German historian calls the book "not a scientific work; it is a political pamphlet." But Dr. Gra- bert insists his protege, formerly on the staff of the University of AT California at Berkeley, has writ- ten a "monumental work." "Monumental?" comments Jans- 18650 LIVERNOIS 1 block South of 7 sen. "Indeed, it does run to 900 U N 3-9300 pages." U.S. Historian Absolves Hitler of Blame for World War H Charlatan or hero? American historian Dr. David L. Hoggan has been called both. The former term is employed by several experts in contemporary German history, the latter by neo-Nazis who have found in Hoggan an excellent apologist for Hitler. In a book being published in the United States under the title "When Peaceful Revision Failed: The Origins of the Second World War," Hoggan challenges the wide- spread assumption that Hitler bears sole responsibility for World War II. He suggests, rather, that Hitler was innocent and that the guilt falls on Britain's Foreign Secretary Halifax and Poland's Foreign Minister Beck. The effects of Hoggan's recent appearance in Germany are de- scribed by Karl Heinz Janssen in Hamburg's "Die Zeit" and trans- lated into English for Atlas Maga- zine by Abe Farbstein. The former Harvard scholar, on a lecture tour, received two awards and much criticism. The awards were the $2,500 Leopold von Ranke Prize, from the "So- ciety for the Promotion of Scientific Historical Research," a group of nationalists with an illustrious leadership of former Nazi bigshots, and the $1,250 Ulrich von Hutten Prize from the "Heidelberg Society for Free Journalism," which holds credentials similar to the "Re- search Society." Hoggan was invited to speak before the Rhein-Ruhr Club of Dusseldorf, an association, inno- cently enough, "for the study of political, economic and cultural questions." Although the club often has in- vited controversial speakers and although it intended to balance the evening's fare with rebuttal from a noted Bonn historian, press and public criticism of its choice was too much. The club canceled Hoggan's talk. "What had seemingly started out as an objective and unpreju- diced discussion of 'American Historians and the Question of War Guilt in the 20th Century' unexpectedly became a political issue," writes Janssen. The government regarded the planned lecture a "public nuis- ance but left the decision up to the club. Rumors of possible demonstrations spread through Dusseldorf. The police were prepared, if necessary, to pro- tect the club. The members be- gan to wonder what people abroad would say if Hoggan needed police protection when he spoke. The executive com- mittee voted again; a slender majority opposed Hoggan. The lecture was canceled 'so as to forestall the circulation of false impressions and to avoid damag- WEN ing Germany's reputation?" Now the danger was that Hog- gan would become a martyr. "The radical right could only benefit from the storm around Hoggan. Now they could assert with some justification that a public discus- sion on war guilt in the Second World War was being throttled. They made the award of the prizes to the 'apostle of truth' from America seem like a national ob- ligation." Hoggan's love for Germany was nurtured when he was with the American occupation forces in Bavaria. He married a German girl. But his liking for the coun- try evolved into a love for the Germany that was. "He was not even immune to anti-Semitic influ- ences," Janssen writes. He goes on: "One can only speculate on the source of the sudden illumination which con- vinced him that it was not Hitler but the English, Americans, Rus- sians, Jews and capitalists who caused the war. But the fact re- mains that at the beginning of the 1960s he fell into the hands of a neo-Nazi publisher who couldn't Development of Modern Synagogues Shows Traces of Babylonian Origin became the enter of the autono- mous Jewish community. The medieval Jewish community was a democratic institution. There was only one standard of prestige: knowledge. By the 18th Century Jewish communal life took on more of the coloration of the en- vironment, and wealth became all- important for communal prestige. The American synagogue was generally a carbon copy of its European parent—until the Ger- man-Jewish immigration flood of the middle 19th Century. Then a number of changes began. First, the synagogue gradually gave up almost all its traditional functions except the conduct of worship services and the educa- tion of young children. By 1900, the synagogue ceased to be the center of the Jewish community, and secular agencies took over all aspects of social welfare, health and community relations. Second, American Jewry became an organized anarchy, and the synagogue had to concern itself with only its members. Third, the function of the rabbi changed fundamentally: he was now required to be a combination of teacher and pastor, adminis- trator and radio-TV artist, am- bassador and psychologist, scholar and business executive, officiant, orator and fund-raiser. Fourth, the growth of Reform and Conservative Judaism had major effects upon the nature of the synagogue structure. Since 1900, it has become in- synagogue-centered organization creasingly apparent that the which extended into all commu- American synagogue must reflect nity activities. several basic premises of Ameri- Early in the evolution of the can life, and increasingly it has synagogue as a religious institu- done so. tion, it took on a three-faceted character it still has: a house Australian Student Editor of prayer, of study and of assemb- ly. It later took on an additional Dropped for Nazi Articles area of concern which it still has SYDNEY (JTA) — The student in most communities: administra- representative council of Sydney tion of the cemetery. University suspended Michael Mc- With the end of Jewish national Dermott, editor of the student life in Palestine, the synagogue journal, "Honi Soit," as an out- growth of a controversy over pub- lication of articles prepared by the Australian Nazi Party. BY HENRY LEONARD The student council had pro- tested publication of the articles According to Rabbi Eugene Lipman in the book "Successful Synagogue Administration" by Irv- ing I. Katz, the synagogue as a place of worship developed either during the Babylonian exile (596- 538 BCE) or just before the exile. Two different types of synagogues developed, setting a pattern fol- lowed even in the 20th Century America. The Jews from a particular village would congregate in one neighborhood in Babylon. They socialized, helped one another— and met to pray. Centuries later, East European Jews fleeing pogroms set up identical syna- gogues on the Lower East Side of New York, made up entirely of refugees from Pinsk or Bialystok. From Babylon to New York, the Landsmannschaft synagogue gave the inner warmth of praying among people of similar back- grounds. Similarly, the tanners tended to set up shop on the same street, potters on another, butchers on a third. They had a community of interest which transcended busi- ness hours, and so "guild" syna- gogues developed. In New York today there is a Garment Center Synagogue and an Actor's Syna- gogue. Economic identification also added meaning to prayer. By the end of the Fifth Cen- tury BCE, the synagogue was a complex institution with a fairly definite format. From the Ele- phantin papyri we learn of a while material against the Aus- tralian Nazis was not published. The student newspaper also car- ried an editorial charging that Jewish groups were trying to prevent publication of informa- tion about Nazi policies in the student paper. From Melbourne, it was reported that boys in school uniforms of the Swinburne Technical College there were seen parading in a suburb waring swastika armbands. Two leaflets based on material prepared by the Swedish anti- Semite, Einar Aarburg, were placed in mailboxes in Elwood, a suburb heavily populated by Jews. A Jewish businessman reported he had received a threatening anti- Semitic letter telling him to get out of Australia. "So I'll come clown a few cents on my salami, Sarah, and then watch 'em run for cover!" George Davidson, the Lafayette College basketball coach now work- ing in Israel, has written a book which has been translated into Hebrew and has been made avail- able to Israel coaches and players. THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, July 31, 1964 11 UL BE CH Packer Pontiac High Holiday Prayer Book By Dr, Philip Birnbaum In Two Volumes This two volume set of the Mahzor Ha-Shalem is concise and accurate. The Hebrew prayers and piyutim are superbly trans- lated and annotated. Like the two-volume Sephardic edition of Mahzor Ha-Shalem, our Ashkenazic edition, now made available in two volumes, contains a wide variety of responsive readings in English. The Mahzor was in need of interpretation, expert translation and dignified presentation. The need has now been filled. Even a cursory examination will reveal that the task has been brought to a successful fruition. Mahzor Ha-Shalem — 2 Vol. $5.00 Mahzor Ha-Shalem —1 Vol. 2.75 Mahzor Ha-Shalem Sephard — 2 Vol. only $5.00 AT ALL BOOK STORES Hebrew Publishing Co. 79 Delancey St., New York, N. Y. THERE'S STILL TIME TO JOIN ONE OF THESE TOURS 1. ESCORTED SPECIAL TOUR TO ISRAEL and U.S.S.R. Leaving Sept. 13. Visiting Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad and Yalta .. and Israel . . . only $1 195. 2. DETROIT SERVICE GROUP — SURVEY TOUR TO ISRAEL — Leaving Sept. 30 . . . 3 days Paris, 12 days Israel . . . optional stopovers . . . only $1159.40. . HADASSAH AUTUMN CRUISE — TOUR BY SHIP Leaving Oct. 9 aboard the new SS SHALOM . . . visit- ing Europe and Israel . . . only $1395.00. • "GROUP FARE" DEPARTURES ALMOST DAILY Everybody qualifies . . . no organization to join . . no membership needed . . . one rate of $535.00 to everyone. JULES DONESON HAS HANDLED THE TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ONE THOUSANI , THREE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOUR PASSENGERS TO ISRAEL. HOW ABOUT YOU? : to re Xt. :AT )) I t I' Member CLOSED SATURDAY OPEN SUNDAY, 11 to 3 RAVEL AGENCY 18246,WYOMING . AVE. • DETROIT, MICH.