Prof. Hale's - Captive Press in the Third Reid.' Apples in Israel and in Tradition
By DAVID SCHWARTZ
Now take out your Bible and
(Copyright, 1964, JTA, Inc.)
Tells How Nazis Made Shambles of Newspapers
turn to the Song of Songs and you
Prof. Hale declares at the out-
Prof. Oron J. Hale of the In-
stitute for Advanced Study at set that "one topic should be dis-
Princeton University, in one of posed of," that relating to Jew-
the most authoritative revelations ish publishers, and he states:
about Nazi oppressions, "The
"From Nazi propaganda asser-
Captive Press of the Third Reich,"
tions is derived the impression
published by Princeton University
of a large Jewish-owned press
Press, shows how Hitler's Press
in Germany. This is quite er-
Chamber took control of Ger- roneous. The Ulistein publish-
many's newspapers.
ing house in Berlin was one of
Under the dictatorial rule of the largest producers of news-
papers, periodicals and books;
Max Amann, who is referred to by
the Mosse firm operated the
the author as "Hitler's Business
Dwarf," one chain of newspapers largest advertising agency and
published the liberal Berliner
after another fell under Nazi rule
until every vestige of independ- Tageblatt, a journal of national
and international distinction;
ence vanished among Germany's
and the Sonneman-Simon fam-
editors and publishers.
ily published the Frankfurter
Zeitung, a leading liberal-demo-
cratic daily. These enterprises
were no larger or more potent
than the Hugenberg concern or
the newspaper chains operated
by the Huck and Girardet fam-
MA. Excluding the Ulistein,
Mosse and Sonneman-Simon com-
panies there was little Jewish
of
the
Last Week's Winner
capital invested in the newspa-
per trade."
"RASKIN
The early acquistitions of news-
BIG BABY BONUS"
papers by the Nazis affected the
MRS. SIDNEY ISRAEL
Ullsteins most seriously. "Being
(10 lbs., 8-oz.)
Jewish owned, liberal, and a prod-
uct of capitalistic enterprise and
Congratulations on the birth of your
son and we hope the RASKIN
initiative, Ullstein was a target for
PRODUCTS you received helped
concentrated Nazi hate," Prof.
make your first week at home easier.
RASKIN FOOD CO. Hale states. "Trouble began im-
mediately after January 1933:
■
■
There were threats from the party
July 18—To Mr. and Mrs. Shel- leadership conveyed to the Ull-
don David Rocklin (Sharon Lynne steins through intermediaries; the
Rosen), 20163 Northrop, a son, An- proclamation of anti-Semitic poli-
drew Jay.
cies which would make it impos-
*
*
sible for them to continue in the
July 17—To Mr. and Mrs. Cyril publishing business; intimidation
Servetter (Miriam Schumer), 13510 of their subscription canvassers
Dartmouth, Oak Park, twin sons, and subscribers by Nazi block
Joseph Michael and David Aaron. wardens and SA men; and severe
• * *
pressure on advertisers."
July 16—To Mr. and Mrs. Jack
The Ullsteins attempted a re-
Green w al d (Shirley Kesner), organization and appointed a non-
20101 Oakfield, a son, David Alan. Jewish son-in-law, Fritz Ross, as
* * *
manager. But the probable out-
July 15—To Mr. and Mrs. Philip come of further Nazi persecutions
Horowitz (Marilyn Herman), 23080 compelled them to sell the form
Kipling, Oak Park, a daughter, for a fraction of its worth. A de-
tailed account of the status of the
Sherri Ann.
* * *
Ullsteins was given at Nurenberg
July 12—To Mr. and Mrs. Samuel in 1947. There was an attempt by
Deal (Sally A. Finkelstein), 18403 the Nazi defenders to show that
the firm was already on the verge
Indiana, a son, Raphael Franklin.
* * *
of bankruptcy when compensation
July 8—To Mr. and Mrs. Arthur was asked, and Dr. Hale declares:
Lieberman (Rochelle Fleischer),
"That the Ullsteins were per-
18633 George Washington, South- secuted for political and racial
field, a daughter, Lori Susan.
reasons and despoiled of their
* * *
property is apparent. This was
July 2—To Mr. and Mrs. Will- the finding of the restitution
court after the war."
iam R.. Katz (Barbara Burston),
19888 Cranbrook, a son, David
Amann, held in high esteem by
Martin.
Hitler, became the chief controller
* * *
of the press. Hitler spoke of him
June 23—To Mr. and Mrs. Shel- as a genius, as "the greatest news-
don Brown (Judith Thomas), 29623 paper proprietor in the world.
Fairfax, Southfield, a daughter, Prof. Hale describes Amann as an
Pamela Eden.
"aggressive, rowdy type of Nazi as
was demonstrated at a Munich city
council meeting when there were
Recommended by Physicians
taunts between Nazis and Social
Democrats: "One of Amann's party
associates was escorted from the
council room by Mayor Scharnagl.
Later when Amann denounced city
Expert Mohel
Serving Hospitals and Homes
councillor Nussbaum as 'Jew Nuss-
LI 2-4444
LI 1-9769
baum and provocateur,' Thomas
Wimmer, who served as mayor of
Munich after World War II, seized
CERTIFIED EXPERT MOHEL
Amann by the throat and forced
RABBI
him down upon the council table.
Wimmer was only restrained from
further violence against the Nazi
tormentor by the intervention of
FE 4-4149
FE 4-8266
his colleagues."
Serving in Hospitals and Homes
The evil-doers who were asso-
ciated with Amann are listed and
their activities described. Among
REV. GOLDMAN L.
them was Wilhelm Weiss, one of
Amann's closest editorial asso-
ciates, who, already in 1922, edited
MOHEL
Heimetlandbriefe in which he at-
Serving at Homes and Hospitals
tacked "Marxism, Jewry and poli-
DI 1-9909
tical Catholicism." Weiss was less
vindictive than others and "the
Munich denazification court . . .
RABBI CHASKEL
placed him in the category of 'ac-
GRUBNER
tivist.' "
SPECIALIZED MOHEL
Total control was rapid and
Recommended by Physicians
Serving in Hospitals and Homes
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
TU 3-1441
3298 Sturtevant
Friday, July 24, 1964
28
&IA
An,nouncenients
=11•1111111
RABBI
LEO GOLDMAN
Israel Goodman
MARSHALL
the strait jacket was provided
for editors and publishers, for
Catholic, Socialist, Communist
newspapermen. Regimentation
reached totality.
To accomplish their purpose, the
Amann group forced the Mosse
company into hands of a receiver.
Acquisition of all newspapers and
advertising firms became routine.
Prof. Hale points to the poor
joke in one of the Nazi ordinances
affecting newspapers which "pro-
vided for the withdrawal of pub-
lishing rights from any publisher
whose papers by sensationalism,
or offenses against public taste or
morals, cast reflection on the pub-
lishing business and the honor
of the press." Dr. Hale declares:
"That the ordinance was never en-
forced against the worst offender
—Julius Streicher and Der Stuer-
mer—clearly reveals its sham ethi-
cal character."
"Dullness and uniformity"
resulted. Prof. Hale shows that
"Hitler's vaunted 'orchestra of
the press' produced a very low
order of music."
Whatever minor efforts were
made to improve upon these con-
ditions were mild and ineffective.
Germany began to suffer from
shortage of newsprint. There were
newspaper suspensions and con-
solidations as the war progressed.
But when the foreign press critic-
ized the shutting down of the
Frankfurter Zeitung, "founded and
presumably owned by a Jewish
publishing family," which "had
been able to maintain itself dur-
ing ten years of Nazi rule," a wit-
ness at a hearing at the end of
the war offered the briefest ex-
planation—"Hitler's general aver-
sion to the paper—`I don't like the
name; it must be closed down.' "
"In power, prestige and finan-
cial gain," Prof. Hale states, "Max
Amann was the principal benefi-
ciary of the party's giant publish-
ing monopoly." Amann enjoyed
power and profits and the denazi-
fication trial exposed his financial
operations. He never admitted
"that he had made a shambles of
financial operations. He never ad-
mitted "that he had made a sham-
bles of the German publishing in-
dustry."
(In his review of Prof. Hale's
book, in the New York Times, H.
R. Trevor-Roper, author of "The
Last Days of Hitler," stated that
Prof. Hale's book "does not rouse
in me much sympathy for the vic-
tims." He concluded: "Like so
much other evidence, it proves that
the Germans thoroughly deserved
the tyranny to which they so
P.S.
tamely submitted.")
Miss Deborah Wise, the grand-
daughter of the late Stephen Wise,
is spending her summer at an
Israeli Kibbutz. She had visited this
Kibbutz before and says that the
apples there are better even than
the justly celebrated Oregon apples
about which her grandfather, the
famous Rabbi Wise, always liked
to speak.
I got this little social note from
Morris Margulies, who had a let-
ter from James Waterman Wise.
Usually this column does not de-
vote itself to social items and I am
not sure Miss Wise would even
approve of my publishing it, but
I hope I will be forgiven, because
it interests me for a special reason
which I think would also interest
many others. You see, some 30
years ago, I was in Jerusalem try-
ing to get an apple and couldn't
get one. I was very disconcerted
by that fact. It wasn't Israel then,
it was just a Jewish homeland as
they called it, with the promise
of sometime being a state, and I
asked myself how could it be a
state without apple trees?
Logically, of course, I knew,
apple trees were not indispensable
to a state. It wasn't strictly speak-
ing a sine qua non of a political
entity. But I felt like Thomas Jef-
ferson felt about freedom of the
press and a state. He said, if he
were offered the option of a state
without freedom of the press or
freedom of the press without a
state, he would choose the latter.
And I felt that, given a land with-
out legislators and policemen and
all the other things that go to
make a state, but without apple
trees, I would prefer a land with
apple trees without councilmen and
policemen.
On my leaving Jerusalem then,
I confided to one of the settlers
my anxieties, and he reassured me
in a very explicit way. He showed
me an apple grown there. He said
they were then experimenting with
growing apples. The apple he
showed me, he said, wasn't very
good, but he added: "Come back
in 10 years and you will see good
apples."
So that now they are growing
apples there that are as good as
the Oregon apples—I think Israel
had a reason for congratulation!
According to the Talmud, it
is forbidden for an army attack-
ing an enemy stronghold to des-
troy its fruit trees. All fruit
trees are nice, but there is
something special about an apple
tree.
will see that the idea of sit-
ting in the shade of an old
apple tree was already there. It
reads as follows: "As an apple
tree among the trees of the wood,
so is my beloved among the sons;
under its shadow I delighted to sit,
and its fruit was sweet to my
taste."
Later in the same Song of Songs
we come across the much quoted
line: "Comfort me with apples for
I am sick with love."
But it is not only the lovesick
to whom the apple offers com-
fort. It comforted a nation back
in 1865, when Lee laid down his
arms to Grant and the nation was
once again reunited. The surren-
der was under an apple tree at
Appomattox.
It is said that Eve's eating of
the apple caused the expulsion of
man from the Garden of Eden.
This is a libel on the apple. Ac-
tually, there is no mention of the
apple in the Bible in the Adam
and Eve story. The name of no
specific fruit is given. Presumably
the rumor spread that it was an
apple because the people natural-
ly presumed that only an apple
tree offered temptation enough to
chance the losing of Paradise.
The fact is, wherever the apple
is mentioned in the Bible, it is
only to praise it. The highest tri-
bute the Bible can conceive is to
compare something with an apple.
Thus, in the Book of Proverbs, we
read that a good word in its sea-
son is "like apples of gold in
pitchers of silver."
Scholarship Awarded
Leonard Schreiman, a Wayne
State University junior, has re-
ceived the $100 Farband-Labor
Zionist Scholarship Award for ex-
cellence in Hebrew. He is the son
of Mr. and Mrs. Sol Shreiman,
19171 Ilene.
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