Fr iday, January 17, 1964—THE DETRO IT JEWISH NE WS- 16
Trotsky's Prophetic View of an Emerging
Nazism, His Change of Heart on 'Territorial
Need to Save Jews, Told by Isaac Deutscher
Isaac Deutscher is one of the
acknowledged authorities o n
Communism, Soviet Russia and
the leaders of the Russian revo-
lutionary movement. His bio-
graphy of Stalin is the leading
work on this subject. He is with-
out doubt the
best informed
man on the
Lenin -Trotsky
era and his
trilogy on Leon
Trotsky, which
began with
"The Prophet'
Armed" a n
"The Prophet
Unarmed,'
now concluded
with "The
Prophet 0 u t-
cast," just pub-
lished by Ox-
f or d Univer-
Trotsky
sity Press (417 Fifth Ave.,
NY16), is among the most signi-
ficant historical works on the
most trying events of our time.
Deutscher is one of the few
who survived the Stalin purges to
be able to tell the tales relating
to the terrorism that was creat-
ed by the Russian dictator. Him-
self a former Polish Communist,
Deutscher knows the entire
background of the Communist
history relating to Trotsky. In
the third volume of the trilogy
—dealing with the years 1929-
1940 —Deutscher describes the
threatening period in the life of
the man who, more than anyone
else, was responsible for the
Bolshevik successes; who lived
in terror in Prinkiho, Mexico,
ending in his assassination there
on Aug. 21, 1940.
Trotsky foresaw events in
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Germany. He warned against
the emerging dictatorship and
the dangers that were on the
horizon from Nazism. It is
possible, as indicated in the
Deutscher biography, that if
the admonitions of Trotsky
had been heeded the trage-
dies of the Hitler era might
have been averted.
Deutscher states that "Trot-
sky's attempt to arouse the work-
ing class of Germany to the
danger that threatened it was
his greatest political deed_ in
exile." He declares: "Like no
one else, and much earlier than
anyone, he grasped the destruc-
tive delirium with which Na-
tional Socialism was to burst
upon the world." He adds, in
his analysis of Trotsky's view
of the impending danger from
Germany:
"His commentaries on the
German situation, written be-
tween 1930 and 1933, the
years before Hitler's assump-
tion of power, stand out as a
cool, clinical analysis and fore-
cast of this stupendous pheno-
menon of social psychopathol-
ogy and of its consequences to
the international labor move-
ment, to the Soviet Union and
to the world. What underlines
even further the political in-
sanity of the tunes if of what
utter unconcern about the
future and venomous hostili-
ty the men responsible for the
fate of German communism
and socialism reacted to the
alarm which Trotsky sounded,
from his Prinkipo retreat, in
these decisive three years. An
historical narrative can hardly
convey the full blast of slan-
der and derision with which
he was met. He represented
in effect the self-preservation
of the labor movement against
the movement itself, which
was as if bent on self-des-
truction. He had to watch the
capitulation of the Third In-
ternational before Hitler as a
father watches the suicide of
a prodigal and absent-minded
child, with fear, shame and an-
ger—he could not forget that
he had been a founding father
of the International."
A significant factor in the
third volume of Deutscher's bio-
graphical trilogy of Trotsky is
the description of 'the counter-
trial of Trotsky that was con-
ducted under the chairmanship
of Prof. John Dewey, in Mexico,
by the Joint 'Commission of In-
quiry. The verdict was: "On the
basis of all evidence . . . we
find that the (Moscow) trials of
August 1936 and January 1937
were frame-ups . . . we find
Leon Trotsky and Leon Sedov
not guilty."
Trotsky "received this verdict
with joy" although "its effect
was small, if not negligible.
Dewey's voice commanded some
attention in the United States;
but it was ignored in Europe,
where opinion was preoccupied
with the critical events of the
year, the last year before Mun-
ich, and with the vicissitudes
of the French Popular Front
and the Spanish Civil War."
There is considerable signifi-
cance also in Deutscher's refer-
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ence to Trotsky's attitude on
Zionism and anti-Semitism. Deut-
scher states that in the Jewish
press writers "who had hitherto
described themselves as 'Trot-
sky's admirers' turned against
him when he spoke of the anti-
Semitic undertones of the Mos-
cow trials. The editor of one
such paper wrote: 'This is the
first time that we of the Jewish
press have heard such an accusa-
tion. We have been accustomed
to look to the Soviet Union as
to our only consolation, so far
as anti-Semitism is concerned ..
It is unforgivable that Trotsky
should raise such groundless
charges against Stalin."
How times have changed, now
that the facts are known — now
that is has been established that
Stalin was the master mind of
Soviet anti-Semitism! In a foot-
note, quoting from the Trotsky
Archives at Harvard University,
Deutscher states in explanation
of the above quotation in de-
fense of Stalin, credits the fol-
lowing:
'B. Z. Goldberg in the New
York Tag of 26 and 27 Janu-
ary 1937. At this itme Trotsky
re-formulated his views on the
Jewish problem. In an inter-
view with the Forwaerts, an-
other American-Jewish daily,
he admitted that recent ex-
perience with anti-Semitism
in the Third Reich and even
in the U.S.S.R. had caused him
to give up his old hope for
the 'assimilation' of the Jews
with the nations among whom
they lived. He had arrived at
the view that even under
socialism the Jewish question
solution,' i.e. that the Jews
would need to be settled
Jews would need to be settled
in their own homeland. He did
not believe, however, that this
would be in Palestine, that
Zionism would be able to solve
the problem, or that it could
be solved under capitalism.
The longer the decaying bour-
geois society survives, he
argued, the more vicious and
barbarous will anti-Semitism
grow all over the world."
Deutscher believes there will
be "Victory in Defeat," as his
postscript asserts:
"Trotsky sometimes compared
mankind's progress to the bare-
footed march of pilgrims who
advance 'towards their shrine by
moving only a few steps forward
at a time, and then retreat or
jump sideways in order to ad-
vance and deviate or retreat
again; zigzagging thus all the
time they approach laboriously
their destination. He saw his
role in prompting the 'pilgrims'
to advance. Mankind, however,
when after some progress it
succumbs to a stampede, allows
those who urge it forward to
be abused, vilified and tram-
pled to death. Only when it has
resumed the forward move-
ment, does it play rueful tribute
to the victims, cherish their
memory and piously collect their
relics; 'then it is grateful to
them for every drop of blood
they gave—for it knows that
with their blood they nourished
the seed of the future."
This is, in a sense, a reaf-
firmation of the fact that without
Trotsky's genius — military and
political, Communist-wise—there
might not have arisen a United
Socialist Soviet Republic. Anti-
Semitismplayed a role in the
abuse of Trotsky, the man who,
himself, in his heyday, failed
to affirm an interest in Jewish
life and in freeing the Jewish
masses from the intolerable con-
ditions which predominate today
also in the U.S.S.R. The Deut-
scher biography helps to re-
instate the glory that was Leon
Trotsky's.
—P.S•
The average American house-
wife washes 24,825 dishes a
year.
Zionist Leader Criticiz es Arab Appeasement
NEW YORK—The national ex-
ecutive council of the Zionist
Organizations of America, which
met last weekend, heard ad-
dresses on the latest develop-
ments in the Middle East and in
World Jewry.
Dr. Max Nussbaum, president
of the ZOA, who was slated as
the principal speaker at the
meeting, was unable to attend
due to illness. In a telegraphed
statement read by the chairman,
he urged that a special convo-
cation be summoned in Washing-
ton by the Conference of Presi-
dents of Major American Jewish
Organizations to deal with the
two burning issues — that of
the situation of Soviet Jewry and
the problems of Israel in context
of the Middle East situation and
Washington policy.
Jacques Torczyner, chairman
of the Council, who presided, in
a comprehensive review of the
current developments and issues
affecting Israel highly praised
President Lyndon B. Johnson
"who is continuing the policies
of the late President."
At the same time, he voiced
concern over the actions of "cer-
tain powerful forces in Washing-
ton and particularly in the State
Department who try to flaunt
the will and meaning of the
President's intentions." He
charged that these actions "have
led the Arabs to misinterpret
U.S. policy as one of neutrality
between aggression and defense
as well as one of indifference
to their boycott measures against
American firms engaged in trade
with Israel. Such a misinterpre-
tation stems from the lack of
an active initiative on the part
of the American authorities con-
cerned with the Middle East in
attaining an Arab-Israel peace
and in openly warning President
Nasser and other Arab rulers
against any aggression against
Israel."
Mr. Torczyner cited as "a
striking example of actual ap-
peasement of Arab intransigence
and of surrender to Arab threats
by our representatives in the
UN, the American sponsored
resolution which was adopted by
the General Assembly of the
UN last Dec. 3, calling only for
`repatriation' of the Arab refu-
gees to Israel."
More Minneapolis Jews
MINNEAPOLIS, (JTA) —
There are an estimated 22,000
Jews now living in Minneapolis,
compared with 16,260 Jewish
persons of all ages in 4,136
families here in 1936, accord-
ing to figures compiled by the
Minneapolis Federation for Jew-
ish Services.
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