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Organized Anti-Semitism Used in 11 Lands

(Continued from Page 1)
Jewish religion and culture
are being harshly restricted in
what seems to be an attempt
to cut off Jews from their his-
toric roots. Synagogues suffer
disabilities not imposed on
other religious bodies. Thus,
Jewish congregations may not
aid one another; no Jewish re-
ligious articles may be manu-
factured, no Hebrew taught,
and virtually no rabbis trained.
At the same time, the survey
which was conducted by the
AJC's offices in Paris, Frank-
furt, Buenos Aires and ,Rio de
Janeiro and representatives in
other major cities, found the
following conditions—especially
in Western Europe—which are
countering the growth and
spread of anti-Semitism abroad:
1. Attitudes towards Jews in
Western - Europe are undergoing
a profound change. The people
of those nations feel a sense of
shame over the fate of 6,000,000
Jews murdered during the Hit-
ler era.
2. A "quiet revolution" is de-
veloping among Christians.
"Some churches, recognizing
that their own teaching ma-
terials have all too often served
to perpetuate anti-Jewish preju-
di2e, have now undertaken to re-
examine their own practices and
positions."
The report stressed that neo-
Nazi and neo-Fascist groups
are continuously attempting
"to take advantage of unset-
tled political conditions and to
infiltrate organizations of dis-
affected citizens." It cited the
foothold gained by anti-Sem-
ites in the Algerian Secret
Army Organization and the
widespread campaigns of arm-
ed violence against Jews in
the wake of political instabil-
ity in Argentina.
The report gave the following
country-by-country survey and
analysis of organized anti-Semit-
ism.

tism has not become entrenched in
France, and what latent enmity
against Jews may exist is not strong
enough to lead to action. Jewish
refugees from Algeria have met with
no hostility. Swastika daubings and
similar manifestations have been con-
demned by the public.
Belgium: Ultranationalist and anti-
Semitic activity increased during the
Congo crisis.
Italy: Residues of Fascist-authori-
tarian thinking find expression in the
Italian Social Movement (MSI),
Europe's only substantial neo-Fascist
party. MSI follows a conservative,
"respectable" line; affiliated groups
are more openly anti-Semitic. Courts
have been lenient with MSI, as well
as with avowed anti-Semites. Fear
of communism may be the reason
MSI has not been banned under the
appropriate constitutional clause.
West Germany: Openly neo-Nazi
and anti-Semitic organizations (in-
cluding youth groups) are shrinking
and splitting, but neo-Nazi publica-
tions are gaining circulation. Though
anti-Semitism is on the decline, it
is apparently far from dead. The
Eichmann trial hardly affected the

attitudes of Germans toward Jews,
according to opinion polls, and the
effect of war crimes trials in Ger-
many has been vitiated by unrea-
sonably light sentences. Crucial prob-
lems are: (1) The Nazi and anti-
Semitic potential of respectable
groups; (2) the strength of German
democracy in a possible future
crisis.
Austria: Old Nazis have gained - re-
acceptance in public life because they
hold the balance of power between
the evenly matched major parties.
Chief cause for concern is the wide-
spread influence of Nazis in youth
organizations. There have been anti-
Semitic attacks and desecrations by
students; polls show subsantial anti-
Semitism among the young.
Sweden: About 20- anti-Semitic
organizations—some of them succes-
sors of pre-war pro-Nazi groups—are
active. One or two have attained
semi-respectable status, but the total
following of organized neo-Nazism
is extremely small. "A clearing
house" in Stockholm serves as an
information center and forum for
the Nazi-minded; events held there
have attracted some young people.

Atlanta Bank Makes Israel Bond Purchase

In recognition of Israel's velopment, the Fulton National
"firm commitment to democra- Bank of _Atlanta, Ga., has pin.-
tic ideals' and as a means of chased the sum of $25,000 in
sharing in its economic de- State of Israel Bonds.

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Argentina: Waves of anti-Semitic
terror—threats, knifings, bombings-
accoinpanied the country's political
and economic upheavals during re-
cent years. The terrorists apparently
had the secret backing of certain
military leaders with strong influence
in the police department. The future
security of Argentine Jews depends on
the restoration of stable conditions.
Brazil: The country continues es-
sentially free from anti-Semitism;
sporadic incidents in 1962 and 1963
roundly condemned by public opinion.
A new edition of Hitler's "Mein
Kampf" was banned.
Uruguay: A series of anti-Semetic
knifings in 1962 was believed to be
the work of terrorists from nearby
Argentina. Strong action was taken
to prevent further incidents.
Great Britain: There are three
small neo-Fascist movements. All
are hostile to non-white immigrants
as well as Jews. They have been re-
jected by public opinion and have
done poorly at the polls. One of the
leaders has been jailed for violation
of the Public Order Act. Additional
legal curbs are under study.
France: During the Algerian crisis,
anti-Semites gained some influence
in certain segments of the Secret
Army Organization. Today, a few
anti-Jewish journals continue to be
published.. But organized anti-Semi-

Israel Trade Balance
Off by $120 Million

JERUSALEM (JTA) — Israel
again recorded an adverse trade
balance for the first half of the
current year, an imbalance of
$120,000,000. But the total was
$44,000,000 less than the defi-
cit in the corresponding period
last year, according to official
statistics.
The improvement in the
trade balance resulted from a
$50,000,000 increase in net ex-
ports, for a total of $200,000,000.
Net imports in the same period
rose slightly from $314,000,000
to $320,000,000.
A major share of income
from the increased exports —
$23,000,000 — came from a
larger crop and higher prices
for Israel's citrus exports.
LONDON, (JTA) — Israel's
exports to Britain during the
first five months of this year
totaled $34,916,000, a 25% in-
crease over the same period
last year. At the same time,
Britain's exports to Israel de-
creased from $28,890,000 in
1962 to $25,931,000 for the first
five months of 1963.

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