Opposition to Supreme Court Ruling Fading
(Continued from Page 1)
do not recognize, as a matter of
.history and as a matter of im-
peratives of our free society,
that religion and government
must be necessarily interact in
countless ways."
Justice Brennan noted that
"nothing we hold today ques-
tions the propriety of certain
tax deductions or exemptions
which incidentally benefit
churches and religious organ-
izations along with many se-
cular charities and non-profit
organizations."
Justice Clark pointed out that
nothing the Court said would
bar the study of the Bible or of
religion "when presented objec-
tively as part of a secular pro-
gram of education." But he
reiterated that school exercises
in the Maryland and Pennsyl-
vania cases did not fall into those
educational categories. Rather
"they are religious exercises re-
quired by the states in violation
of the command of the First
Amendment that the govern-
ment maintain strict neutrality
neither aiding nor opposing re-
ligion.
The issue of "neutrality" to-
ward religion, however, appeared
to draw a more civil libertarian
interpretation from Justice
Clark and Justice Douglas than
from Justice Goldberg. While
Justice Goldberg sought to limit
the scope of the ruling, in his
interpretation of the need for
neutrality of the State toward re-
ligion, Justice Clark went fur-
ther and cited the need for
rejection of religious encroach-
ment by the majority. Justice
Douglas, cuncurring with Justice
Clark, said the First Amendment
does not say that some forms
of an establishment of religion
are allowed but says "no law
respecting an establishment of
religion shall be made." He ad-
ded that "what may not be done
directly may not be -done indir-
ectly lest the establishment
clause become a mockery."
Congressional leaders pre-
dieted that any efforts to over-
ride the Supreme Court ban
on religious exercises in the
public schools were doomed
despite a rash of bitter state-
ments by various lawmakers.
Congress and the state legisla-
tures could override the de-
cision by enactment of an
amendment to the Constitution
but this prospect was termed
unlikely.
Leaders privately predicted
that heated statements and legis-
lative proposals could be ex-
pected for several weeks, as oc-
curred when the court's school
decision was announced last
year, but nothing is expected to
come from the outcry. Mean-
while school districts around the
Scientist Advances
New Explanation for
Crossing of Red Sea
LONDON, (JTA) — A new
scientific explanation for the di-
vision of the Red Sea's waters
to enable Moses and the fleeing
Hebrews to escape Pharoah's
army was reported by the Lon-
don Express' correspondent in
Athens.
According to the report, Prof.
Angelos Galanopoulos, director
of the Athens Observatory and
, a leading authority on earth-
quakes, has determined that a
volcanic explosion on the Greek
island of Santorin, in the Aegean
Sea, pulled 5,000-foot high tidal
waves into a gigantic 70-square-
mile crater, one mile in depth.
This happened just as the He-
brews reached a strip of land
flanking an inlet called the Lake
of Ganes, the professor said,
causing the water to be sucked
away from the coast and permit-
ting the Jews to cross safely to
the other side. Galanopoulos cal-
culated the strength of the ex-
plosion at several times that of
a hydrogen bomb. He believes it
also caused other unusual inci-
dents recorded in the Bible.
country begin reporting to Wash-
ington on steps to bring prac-
tices into compliance with the
new decision.
Christian religious reaction to
the Supreme Court decision ban-
ning formal Bible reading and
the recitation of the Lord's
Prayer in public schools was
mixed but, in balance, on the
favorable side. Representatives
of the "main stream of Protest-
ant thinking, whose views are
reflected in the National Council
of Churches, hailed the court.
ruling. For the most part Roman
Catholics viewed the ruling with
alarm, however, and conserva-
tive Protestants, members of
small fundamentalist bodies or
minority groups in the large de-
nominations, deplored it.
Representative Richard L.
-Roudebush, Republican of In-
diana, said he planned to sub-
mit a Constitutional amend-
ment to permit Bible-reading
and prayers in the schools.
"Congress must act if o u r
Christian heritage is to be pre-
served for future generations,"
said Roudebush, a member of
the Christian Church.
Senator Jacob K. Javits, Re-
publican of New York, said such
an amendment would be "so
serious in its implications to
religious freedom that I do not
feel we should jump into it.
These decisions should empha-
size and accelerate the need and
opportunity for prayers in the
home and houses of worship."
The -U.S. Supreme Court di-
rected the Florida State Supreme
Court to re-examine a case in-
volving religious • practices in
public schools in light of yester-
day's decision outlawing religi-
ous practices in education. The
issue dealt with a Florida re-
ligious census to determine the
faith of students and their par-
ents, a religious test for teachers,
baccalaureate programs, compul-
sory Bible -reading, and other
points. Lawsuits to test the state
religious role in education were
instituted by Miami Jews, agnos-
tics, and Unitarians.
Jewish organizations noted
another Supreme Court decision
on a religious issue in which the
Court voted 7 to 2 that South
Carolina cannot deny unemploy-
ment benefits to a woman who
was fired for refusing to work
on Saturday. The woman was a
Seventh Day Adventist who re-
garded Saturday as her Sabbath
as Jews do. Justices Harlan and
White were the two dissenters.
leans, president of Bnai Brith;
and Lewis Weinstein of Boston.
Elect 6 Directors
for Jewish Agency
_
NEW YORK, (JTA) — The
Jewish Agency for Israel,
announced the election of six
new directors. They are Philip
M. Klutznick, a former member
of the United States delegation
to the United Nations and for-
mer president of Bnai Brith;
Hyman Brand of Kansas City,
Mo; Jacob Feldman of Dallas,
Tex.; Max Firestein of Los An-
geles; Label Katz of New Or-
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