Chile's High Court
Resumes Hearing on
Nazi Who Killed Jews
SANTIAGO DE CHILE
(JTA)—Chile's Supreme Court
resumed its hearing of an ap-
peal 'by Walter Rauff. a former
colonel in the Hitler SS, who
is fighting extradition to Ger-
many, where he is scheduled to
stand trial on charges that he
murdered 97.000 Jews during
World War II.
Eduardo Novoa, attorney for
the German Embassy, in de-
manding Rauff's extradition,
supported his request with docu-
ments proving that Rauff had
reported directly to Reinhardt
Heydrich, chief of the Nazi
Security Police, about the gas-
sing of 97,000 persons in six
months in 1941.
Rauff was arrested near here
last December at the request
of West Germany. He has de-
nied the charges. The presiding
judge of the Supreme Court,
Justice Rafael Fontecilla, has
already granted Bonn's extradi-
tion request, but an anneal was
carried to the entire High Tri-
bunal. The Supreme Court will
take the case under advisement,
and a verdict is expected to be
announced in about two weeks.
Sid Caesar Donates
Chanel t-) Synagoppe
YONKERS, N. Y., (JTA)—Sid
Caesar. Broadway and television
star, announced here that he was
donating a $5.000 chapel to the
synagogue where he attended
Hebrew school and obtained his
confirmation, Cong. A g u d a s
Achim.
He requested that the chapel,
to be part of a new school wing,
be named after his late parents.
Caesar attended the syna-
gogue's dedication services,
launching its new $100,000 build-
ing and modernization program.
He came here from his home in
Long Island with his wife and
two children. He was awarded
an honorary life membership in
the congregation.
Survival, Resistance Questions
Posed in Novel by Daniel Stern
How far should a person go
in order to survive and to save
his family from destruction? Is
it human and moral to do it at
the expense of others?
"Who Shall Live, Who Shall
Die," the novel by Daniel
Stern, published by Crown (419
Park, S., N.Y. 16), poses these
questions.
This novel provides added
material for discussion relating
to resistance to Nazism, to the
extent to which the desire to
live can carry a person and
how he can bribe his way out
of death.
Also, it raises the query re-
lating to vengeance against
those who acquired safety at
the expense of others.
* *
The title for the novel is from
the Holy Days' prayer "who
shall live and who shall die."
It is a story in which the
principal characters are: Jud
(Judah) Kramer, who bribed
his way into an office job under
the SS and, seeing his own and
his parents' names on a list of
Jews chosen for death, substi-
tuted others for them; and Carl
Walkowitz, whose parent s'
names were the substitutions.
Carl located Jud, who was
preparing a play as a Broadway
production dealing with the SS
tactics' and the Nazi concentra-
tion camps, and _ .lotted venge-
ance. He seduced Jud's gentile
wife and came near ruining
the play before Jud discovered
the plot. It was Walkowitz's
theory that the only way he
could exact venegance was by
creating a situation under which
Jud was to be always plagued
by his gift. His suicide, after
the scheme for vengeance was
discovered, brings a dramatic
end to the story, . Jud being
placed under the impact of
the experience.
* *
*
Two comments by Walkowitz
... an• enjoy your Passover so muc more, flowing you
will have carried on the tradition of serving only the
finest quality, "home-flavor," Kosher-for-Passover foods
as so many discriminating Jewish
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...
stand out in the thought-pro-
voking novel. When he first
is introduced to Jud's coworkers
who are preparing the produc-
tion, he delivers a speech about
freedom.
"Total freedom," he said,
"was really invented in the
concentration camps . . Ob-
viously the question is freedom
for whom, and the answer is
just as obvious—for the mas-
ters, of course . . . Take kings,
ancient kings. Not even they
had absolute freedom. If they
murdered too freely, they could
be overthrown, even killed. Only
the SS discovered that freedom
could be limitless, in a closed
world behind electrified gates.
Only the SS discovered that
people could be emptied of
their peopleness That you
could declare people subhuman
and then go ahead and make
them. so . Only the SS dis-
covered that peOple could be
completely dominated. If de-
graduation and death are made
permissible, in advance, and
never have to be accounted for
again, then freedom is ab-
solute . . "
Lehman Honored on His 85th .Birthday
NEW YORK (JTA)—Mayor
Robert F. Wagner designated
March 28 as Herbert H. Leh-
man Day in New York in honor
of the Jewish leader's 85th
birthday. A group of 300 close
friends celebrated Sen. Leh-
man's birthday at a gathering
at the Plaza Hotel.
Sen. Lehman is recovering
from a broken hip suffered dur-
ing a vacation in California.
Despite his injury, he continues
to be active in all major Jewish
causes, including the United
Jewish Appeal. He accepted
this week the chairmanship of
•
the Joint Commemoration Com-
mittee for observance of the
20th anniversary of the Warsaw
Ghetto uprising. The committee
was formed by all major Jew-
ish organizations to sponsor the
observance on April 21 at Car-
negie Hall.
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* * *
Then there is Walkowitz'
statement, the night before his
suicide, as he faced both Jud
and his wife. It is a speech
describing the horrors imposed
up6n the Jews in concentration
camps by the Nazis. It is an
historical analysis. And when
Jud asked him what he wanted
of him, he told him. bluntly:
"I want you to see your vic-
tims in the flesh—in the torn
flesh. Less hideous than you
might think, but still with a
face, a voice, arms, legs . .. "
It was an effort to leave Jud
with his guilt, to be conscious
of his resort to safety at the
expense of Carl's relatives. And
because all were dead, includ-
ing Carl's and Jud's relatives—
even the. latter for whom Carl
sought safety—the guilt is being
imposed on Jud.
* * *
There is another challenging
element in the story. One of the
members of the staff preparing
Jud's play for production was
accused of anti-Semitism by
Walkowitz. A f ter the latter's
death, Jud tells the alleged anti-
Semite that he will be retained
on the staff because:
"I know you're no Nazi in
black boots. You probably don't
even think about the whole
business very often. You're the
mild, nonvirulent variety, sort
of typical, which makes it all
the more appropriate because
I'm pretty much of an assimil-
ated Jew myself. I rarely go to
synagogue. I'm not kosher. For
all my confusion about what
Jewishness really is, the only
`camps' I could have known
might be summer camps. I was
getting too comfortable. I was
forgetting that wherever there
are Jews there are always anti
Semites—sometimes the gentle-
man kind, like yourself, some-
times the other kind. But whicll
bar<
you around now, I don't think
I'm likely to forget what or
who I am. I think we're well
matched. You'll keep reminding
me that I'm a Jew, and that it's
a dangerous identity, but at.
least it's mine."
* * *
Daniel Stern's "Who Shall
Live, Who Shall Die" thus poses
many questions.
In an era when we are debat-
ing the problem of resistance,
when the will-to-live is so major
in the struggle for survival,
this is a novel that, even with
the major questions unan-
swered, nevertheless focuses the
human mind upon them. And it
challenges also reactions to anti-
Semitism.
On these scores, this novel
emerges as of urgent signifi-
cance in our time.
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