USSR Jews Scapegoats in 'Heavy Pressure"; U.S. Broadcast Denounces
Trials; Two More Jews Get Death Sentences; Noted Scientist Is Dead
•
LONDON, (JTA)—"The Jews in the Soviet Union are under heavier
pressure than usual these days," the Sunday Observer reported. "Khruschev
himself, with his emotional anti-Semitism, is determined to make them keep
their heads down," the report stressed. "The whole muddled policy, which
treats Russian Jewry with utmost suspicion because of its affiliations with world
Jewry while, at the same time, refusing to give Jews a chance to become com-
pletely absorbed, finds expression in intermittent persecution."
The report, written by Edward Crankshaw, noted expert on Soviet affairs,
says that the Soviet law of last year, decreeing the death penalty for large scale
"economic crimes," was conceived as part of an Anti-Jewish campaign. Crank-
shaw pointed out that in the recent wave of death sentences, resulting from
many Soviet trials for "currency speculation," not only the sentences but also
the edivence were "so arranged as to emphasize the Jewish blood of the
principal accused, when this was not evident."
"Because of this fact," he declared. "some Western observers have come
to the conclusion" that the 1961 decree was part of an anti-Jewish effort aimed
at "The Soviet man in the street, above all in White Russia and Ukrainia, where
anti-Semitism is bitter and endemic. In a drive against financial racketeering.
it is the easiest thing in the world to make Jewry a scapegoat, and to make
examples of individual Jews. This is all the more so, when local police chiefs
and party secretaries. who are sometimes bitter anti-Semites, are given a chance
to let off steam under the general head of a drive against corruption."
U. S. Broadcast to Russia Denounces Trials
NEW YORK, (JTA)—The Voice of America Sunday broadcast to the
Soviet population a denunciation of the Soviet government's show trials of
persons accused of "economic crimes," charging that these trials angled against
Jews and are thus infecting the Russians with anti-Semitism.
The broadcast, made in the Russian language, carried a statement on the
issue made in New York by Adolph Held, national chairman of the Jewish
Labor Committee. "The fact that about 60 per cent of those convicted of crimes
against property in the USSR are Jews," Held stated, "is played up by the
•
-
Soviet press. This seems to be another manifestation of Soviet anti-Semitism."
He pointed out that over half of the Soviet citizens recently sentenced to death
for "economic crimes" were Jews.
3
(Moscow dispatches reported the sentencing of two more Jews to death. and
the imposition of prison terms of from seven to 15 years on four other Jews. tr,
The death sentence was imposed by a court in the Ukraine on Y. M. Poisner
and S. B. Kuris).
:7
Moscow Reports Scientist's Tragic Death
LONDON, (JTA)—The death of a Jewish scientist who was one of the
.' 7 t-
Soviet Union's topmost nuclear experts was announced in Moscow. The dis-
patches received here point up the fact that 10 per cent of all scientists in the "
2
USSR are Jewish.
A black-bordered item on page one of the Aug. 4 Pravda. official ; organ of 41
the Communist Party of the USSR, announced the "tragic death" of Dr. Natan
Aronovich Yavlinsky. A doctor of physics and mathematical science. Dr. Yav-
linsky, known as a Jew. was head of a laboratory at the Kurchatov Institute of `-' 1
Atomic Energy in Moscow. In April, 1958, he was one of a team of scientists
awarded the Lenin and State prizes for "highly valuable studies of powerful fa
impulse discharges in a gas. to obtain unusually high temperatures needed for g
thermonuclear processes."
His death. according to the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union. oc-
curred July 28. No details were given, however. of the reason for his death.
and there was no indication whether death might have been due to an accident
connected with Dr. Yavlinsky's researches into further nuclear procesSes. In L•2
connection with Dr. Yavlinsky's death, it was noted by foreign circles in Moscow
that 10 per cent of the Soviet scientists are Jewish, although Jews compose only
about 1 per cent of the USSR population.
It has long been know that Soviet Jewish scientists are playing a very im-
portant role in the Soviet development of nuclear science. This has been ad-
mitted even by Khruschev when he was asked on the discriminations now being
practiced in Russia against Jews.
r,
Jews Are Scapegoats for Failings Israel Requests UN Chief to Intercede in Dispute with Jordan
of Soviet Economy, Keating Charges UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., I was in reply to that complaint. eration of the salt pans was not
(Direct JTA Teletype Wire
tem to meet modern industrial
to The Jewish News)
WASHINGTON — Senator Ineeds is involved."
Kenneth B. Keating, New York
The Senator speculated that
Republican, charged Tuesday in the Soviet resumption of nu-
a Senate speech that it has he- clear tests in the atmosphere
come evident that - anti-Jewish was connected with discontent
persecution in the Soviet Union in 'Russia along with shortages
is "a deliberate act on the part of consumer goods. He thought
of the Communist Central Gov- anti-Semitism had been revived
ernment to find scapegoats for as a device to "distract the Rus-
an economic system that is full sian people".
of flaws".
He urged a United Nations
Through the crackdown on : Human Rights Commission in-
so-called "black - marketeers", vestigation of human rights in
Senator Keating said. the Rus- the Soviet Union. He held that
sians were "trying to put all both the Soviet and former
the blame on - a small minority, ; Czarist regimes turned upon
when the failure of Communist the Jews as scapegoats and said
planning, Communist manage- , Russia deserved "the condemna-
ment, and the very ability of lion of all civilized peoples and
the Communist economic sys- l nations."
Moscow Chief R abbi Sends Cable
to Hebrew Union Congress in Israel
(Direct JTA Teletype Wire
to The Jewish News)
nation were Hebrew and the
homeland, the twin foundations
of the Jewish People. If these
were broken, he declared, the
Diaspora would be threatened
with extinction and the fate of
2,000,000 Zionists" would be
jeopardized.
The Premier said he applied
the term "Zionist" only to Is-
The message, which was in raeli residents in the same
Hebrew in Latin characters, de-
clare d: "May hands be sense that a Jerusalemite was a
resident of Jerusalem and a
strengthened of those working Haifaite, a resident of Haifa.
for the advancement of the He- Ben-Gurion. whose remarks
brew language, the sacred were warmly applauded by the
tongue in which our great delegates, reiterated that the
prophets envisaged the peace of full Jewish life could be lived
the world and may our noble nowhere but in Israel.
cause be fruitful for Torah and
Zalman Shazar, president of
world peace."
the Union and member of the
Rabbi Lewis was replying to
an invitation to attend the con- Jewish Agency Executive, de-
livered the opening address.
gress.
1Professor Samuel M. Mirsky of
Prime Minister David Ben- New York conveyed the greet-
Gurion said in an address to ings of the Hebraists in the
the congress that the Zionist Diaspora.
Organization was no guarantee
Also invited to the Congress
for the prevention of assimila-
tion and stressed that the only were the chief rabbis of Ro-
mania and Czechoslovakia. who
factors for the existence of the did
not reply.
JERUSALEM—Moscow Chief
Rabbi Yehuda Leib Levin sent
a cabled message of greeting
Tuesday to the Third Congress
of the World Hebrew Union
which opened here with some
300 delegates from 15 countries
participating.
ONE WEEK EARLIER'
Ang
,MICHIGAN
. 3[9kTIE
ST ASE
fAig IKIDS
(Mr. and Mrs. Albert Elazar
and Mr. and Mrs. Frank Leider-
man are the Detroiters attend-
ing the World Hebrew Union
Congress sessions.)
SCHOOLS IN JERUSALEM
At the end of the Mandatory
1.MIOR DAY'. period there were 55 elementary
I schools in Jerusalem, with a
total of 472 classes and an at-
AUG. 24
tendance of 12,520 children. To-
THROUGH
day there are 75 State ele-
mentary schools of all kinds.
SEPT. 3
with 937 classes and an attend-
, ance of 28,580 pupils.
(JTA) Israel uggeste that Comay pointed out that Jor- contested by Jordan for six
U Thant, Acting Secretary-Gen- ! dan had once made a complaint years." Israel made it clear it
eral of the United Nations, in- ; on the issue. back in 1954, had could not
understand why Jor-
tercede in a dispute with Jor- I withdrawn the complaint in dan chose to make an issue of
dan, over solar evaporation pans 1955, "and the location and op- 'the salt pans again at this time.
for salt on the Dead Sea shores.
The proposal was made in a
letter to the Security Council
by Miachael S. Comay, Israel's
permanent representative here.
Prior to issuing a copy of a
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letter he had sent to the presi-
dent of the Security Council,
AS LOW AS
Coma conferred with Thant.
During the half-hour talk. the
AS LOW AS
Israeli Ambassador made his
request for the UN Chiefs in-
tercession in person.
AS LOW AS
Jordan had complained to the
Security Council on this issue
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on July 20, charging that Israel
See Barney Teal, Mgr., personally
had violated the 1949 Israeli-
Jordanian armistice agreement
by placing salt-evaporation pans
in an area coinciding with the
Authorized imperial, Chrysler, Plymouth & Valiant
boundary line drawn up in 1922,
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DI 1-7000
during the British Mandatory
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regime. The letter by Comay
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