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Exhibit Features Michigan Jewry's Civil War Role
(Continued from Page 1)
In December 1862, General
U. S. Grant ordered his As-
sistant Aide de Camp to order
all Jews, "as a class," from
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mis-
sissippi. This was General
der No. 11 (though it is no.
12 on the printed version of
the order). Grant was worried
about trading across lines, but
his singling Jews out was
branded as unfair. Grant's own
father was caught in the con-
traband cotton trade the next
year. Protests against the or-
der Caine from all sides. In
January 1862, Lincoln had it
canceled. This, coupled with
the fact that Jews were also
not allowed to serve as Chap-
lains until 1862, are the only
official forms of prejudice dur-
ing the Civil War.
One illustration in Katz's ex- ; leaders of Temple Beth El, dur-
hibit shows Oscar L. Davis of ing the war: Rabbi Liebman Ad-
Saginaw, who enlisted as first ler (1854-1861) was an aboli-
sergeant of the 23d Michigan tionist; Rabbi Abraham Laser
Infantry. He advanced to first (1861-1864) was sympathetic to
lieutenant and quartermaster. the Confederate cause; Rabbi
The Detroit a n d Michigan lIsidor Kalisch (1864-1866) was
Jewish community grew after , a staunch Unionist, and, prior
the war. Many veterans who had to coming to Detroit, a leader
enlisted in other states moved , in obtaining the right for Rabbis
here. Katz's photographs of vet- to serve as chaplains.
Thus, a major portion of the
erans later resident in Michigan :
include: David M. Amberg (In- exhibit deals with Katz's "The
diana). Grand Rapids; Abraham Jewish Soldier from Michigan
in the Civil War," recently
Alis- pa•h (Pennsylvania), D e
published by Wayne State Uni-
troit; Daniel A. Lauhenstein
(Missouri). Kalamazoo . and versity Press. Documents, let-
ters, clippings, pictures, and
Grand Rapids; Benjamin Oppen-
heimer (Ohio). Saginaw; Zacha- records of all types were as-
sembled. Of special interest is
riah Selling (Missouri), Detroit;
there are also pictures of two the longhand and typescript
Confederate veterans: Sidney A.
"'
Hart ( Louisiana), Grand Rapids
•
and Detroit: and David J. Wor-
Lawrence Fleischman loaned kurn. Detroit. Many of these vet-
to the exhibit a bust of Robert . erans,, whose photographs have
survived. were leaders in the
E. Lee by Sir Moses Ezekiel.
of Jewish Social Studies, Jewish
Museum of the Jewish Theologi-
cal Seminary, Jewish War Vet-
have important outstate Mich-
erans and YIVO Institute for
igan association as well as
Jewish Social Research.
Detroit items.
Many individuals are repre-
One of the illustrations shows
a portion of the pension record sented with loans to the national
of Adolph Barlow of Detroit who exhibition, among them Detroiter
enlisted at 16, with the 5th Lawrence A. Fleischman.
George W. Stark is president
Michigan Infantry, and served
through the war. The pension of the Detroit Historical Com-
request on wounds was received mission and Leonard N. Simons
is vice president. Henry D.
at Fairbanks, (Va.).
Participating organizations in Brown is the director of the
the Civil War Centennial Jewish Museum. Gordon Rice is presi-
Historical Commission include dent of the Detroit Historical
American Jewish A r chi v e s, Society.
Daniel B. Reibel, curator of
American Jewish Historical So-
ciety, American Jewish History special exhibits, supervised ar-
Center, Bnai Brith Committee of rangements for this exhibit. He
Jewish Americana, Conference was assisted by Glenn G. Stille.
drafts of the book, as well as
galley proofs. These materials
Tragic End for Algerian Jewry
1 thorities to return and maybe ! derground. The f o r m e r OAS
(Continued from Page 1)
In the collection is a Yiddish business life of their city, in
Forty kilometers a w a y , a ; help us leave for France when i leader, Jean-Jacques Susini. is
edition of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." government. and in their relig-
thousand people wait in near- ! they will be able to care for us." i still in Algiers, where he plans
The most impressive displays ous community.
Besides the strange couple, , an all-European political party
Among the best known per- dark. Only a few pale bulbs
in the entire exhibit are those !
Europeans are to be seen in preparation for the Aug. 12
relating to the history of Michi- ! sonalities in Katz's photo col- i light the dismal waiting room at few
Maison Blanche airport. Euro-
. in the streets. The windows are elections for a legislative as-
gan Jewry's participating in the ' lection is that of Emanuel H.
sembly.
war among the states. The ma- ' Wodic, a regular army man pean women, dressed in their all closed, the curtains drawn.
Premier Ben Kheda confer-
terial was collected by Irving I. ' who re-enlisted for the War in Sunday best sit on the sawdust- ' One can barely guess a shadow
covered floor among the cigar- 1.. sintrtaointihneg sittrseentecfk rom
ferred with the highest Catho-
down
f
to ono
lo ek od
Katz during a long period of his ! 1861. He was wounded several
lic prelate, Mgr. Duval. He
study of Michigan's Jewish his- times. Ile was a member of i ette butts and the vomit left by
was reportedly prepared to
tory. Katz's material shows that . GAR. He died in Detroit in 1 the 200.000 people who have pre- darkened apartments.
only about one in every thous- • 1925, after serving for many ceded them. Every family has ! 1 The European mass exodus meet a Jewish representative
personally, but there was
and Michigan residents in 1860 years as warden at Temple ' two suitcases and innumerable : has taken the FLN by surprise:
! children—its problems, its won i Algeria will soon be deprived of none left; all, without excep-
was a .Tew, yet from the 150 Beth El.
had fled abandoning their
Jewish families came 181 known ' The less glamorous. but equal- ries, its fears.
I most of its technicians and pro- tion,
communities. T h e President
soldiers: there may have been ly important home front activi- i By the crowded bar. men sip ! fessionals. Already the factories
h silent. t e and most members of the Con-
more. They were young and old, , ties are reflected by exhibit ma- i the traditional Algerian "ani- , stand em tv and
Joseph Newman enlisted at age terials in the Katz collection. Bette"and exchange plans for ! , work-shops p abandoned, communi- sistory committee, the heads
of the Federation of Jewish
48. Mark Fleischman served for Pictures include the brothers Jo- : the future: "We don't know yet cations interrupted.
Communities, the local repre-
two years as water boy to em- seph S o 1 o m a n and William ! where we shall go:" "No, we
NO EXPERTS LEFT
sentative of the World Jewish
barking soldiers. at 12 and 13 Freedman. and Marcus Cohen I have no family in France." "Are
At the city's municipal hos-
Congress, the President • and
years of age. Of the 181, 11 who contributed heavily to equip ! we entitled to Social Security?"
the leaders of the Zionist Fed-
less than a dozen doctors
were commisisoned officers and early Michigan regiments; and : "How many planes are due to Pital
are left out of 100.
eration, the Chief Rabbis, the
38 d i e d in service. Soldiers Edward Kanter. a member of :leave tonight?"
At the Algiers central post teachers, the mohels and the
shown in the exhibit include the Citizens Committee to stim- i I drove from Maison Blanche
shohets. Only two rabbis are
I saw people implore the
Henry Herzog, Julins Joseph. of ulate enlistment. The divided !: to Algiers on Independence Eve. office
few clerks to let them phone or left, and no lay leaders what-
Detroit. and Isidore Freund, Port sentiments of the times are re- As we approached the city, we
cable to their friends abroad- soever.
Huron of the Michigan Cavalry. fleeted in the three spiritual ; could see the glow of smolder-
' ing ashes, and smell the acrid to no avail, as all communica-
In spite of FLN's efforts to
smoke in the hot, humid night. tions are reserved for official or reassure the Europeans, few of
"You should have been here last Press messages. There are no en- them are prepared to stay. Euro-
week," our driver tells us in a gineers, no electricians, no phar- peans fear their anim
Moslem neigh-
regretful voice, "the entire road macists, no technicians. To be
animosity, the
was lit up by huge bonfires. sick is to risk death; to have a born, their violent
was
that they may get out of
Everybody was burning every- faulty sink means no water hand and over-run the European
thing." The fleeing EuropeanS supply.
headquarters.
No wonder that the GPRA
destroyed everything they could
Every European in Algeria, at
not take with them—"Why leave (Algerian Provisional Govern-
df
aciet jnneeew
ssiesoh
ioaeotrdo.oecruitrod,.t hneIgrn, sw
e msiernthim
it to the Arabs?" By the sea ment led by Premier Ben s_ c oom
li
front, dozens of cars, like wound- ; Kheda) is trying its utmost to
, ed animals, lie on the sand, !reassure the remaining Euro- M
1 their tires cut, their engines peans and convince them to stay. home I was shown an album
smashed. broken refrigerators, I The FLN realizes that the coun- of "amateur" photographs show-
, burned furniture, 400,000 gone, , try's economy will be unable to ing children with their throats
withstand any prolonged crisis, slit, women with their bellies
including many Jews.
and that no adequate help can carved o p e n, mutiliated men,
SHOPS ABANDONED
be expected from abroad. The chopped-off heads. These souve-
Since the Franco-FLN Evian only countries prepared to send nirs live in every European fam-
agreement some 400,000 Euro-
numbers of experts are ily, and even those who consider
peans have fled. Bab el Cued, 1arc,
the melting pot of all Mediter- Italy and Western Germany, but themselves "liberals" and are in
ranean races, stands empty and even they are unable to supply sympathy with the FLN's aspira-
the tens of thousands of tech- tions, fear what the future may
. .
o ens,
deserted. it s r erers,
have in store for them. An oft-
Mendozas are gone. Two, three mewls which Algeria needs at repeated phrase is "and what if
generations ago they came from all echelons.
After eight years of terror and Ben Bella should win."
,z, Malta to build a
Spain,
More immediate than the dan-
country for the Western world indiscriminate murder the FLN
and a home for themselves. Now, i now is determined to stop all ger represented by the dema-
„, i or- gogic vice-premier is the pres-
i
the bakeries are c 1 o s e d, the exactions. It is imposing its
butcheries have their shutters ders and discipline with an iron ence of the Arab mob. .I saw
them Independence Day invade
down, and the small cafes with fist. A French farmer on the
zinc counters and marble-topped outskirts of Algiers told me that, the European quarters, the com-
mercial Rue Michelst, the ele-
tables are deserted. To try and after most of his produce was gant residential area of St.
avoid having their property req- looted, he threatened the local Georges. The Europeans came
uisitioned, the fleeing Europeans FLN commander to leave for face-to-face with them: a howl-
have stuck n o t i c e s on their France: "He summoned all my ing, screaming mob, which soon
doors, "Temporarily closed due Arab workers, fined them col- became a hydra with hundreds
to annual leave." lectively, after any Of them re-
The French government ex- fused to confess, and finally had of thousands of heads. Veiled
Florida Memorial to Benjamin
-
p
This is the memorial to Judah P. Benjamin, Jewish
statesman of the Confederacy, that was dedicated 15 years
ago by the State of Florida and the United Daughters of
the Confederacy, in Sarasota, Fla. The Florida Bnai Brith
Federation, which contributed $200 towards the memorial,
participated in the exercises. The marker stands at the
spot where Benjamin, who was Secretary of State of the
Confederacy, set sail for England after eluding pursuing
Federal troops.
pected an emigration of 100,000 them beaten in front of me with
per year — this f i g u r e was rifle butts and sticks."
reached during the peak which EXECUTION SQUADS' SALVOS
This sort of incident is far
preceded independence. There is
nothing ready for the refugees from exceptional. Throughout Al-
in France—no home, no work, geria, the FLN's higher echelon
no money. And yet they go. In try at all costs to reassure the
the deserted quarter I met, how- Europeans. In Oran, after the
ever, an old woman dressed all anti-European riots in which one
in black, holding by the hand a hundred people lost their lives,
little girl: "I cannot leave. I the FLN executed countless
have no money and no friends Arabs suspected of having par-
and what shall I do in France?" ticipated in the murders.
The old w o m a n sighs. "Her According to the FLN-DAS
father was killed last year by agreement, no retaliatory action
the FLN; her mother died in will be taken by the new Al-
an explosion this year. We are gerian authorities against former
stuck here waiting for the au- members in the European un-
women screaming their lugubri-
ous "you you," excited men
swinging their sticks, yelling,
whistling and thumping their
newly found slogan "Allah Ali-
rem Echouada" (God bless our
martyrs).
In the elegant rue d'Issly,
Arabs were sipping milk shakes
at the only open cafe, while
their heavily veiled wives admir-
ingly looked at the narrow bi-
kinis and decollete c o c k t a i l
dresses in the show window of
the "Galeries de France.
For them it was the beginning
of a new era—for the Europeans
the end of an age „
; I