Increase of Anti-Semitism in USSR. Traced to Khrushchev's Prejudices NEW YORK (JTA) — Blame for the anti-Semitic atmosphere now prevailing openly in the So- viet Union is being laid by most foreign diplomats directly to So- viet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, according to a report on the situ- ation of the Jews in Russia in the New York Times by Harrison Salisbury, former Moscow corre- spondent of the newspaper who just returned from the Soviet Union where he made an exten- sive study on the resurgence of anti-Semitism in the country. Emphasizing that "anti-Semit- ism is again showing its ugly face" in Russia, especially in the rural areas of the Ukraine and in some parts of Byelorussia and the Moldavian Republic, Salisbury says: "Most diplomats (in Moscow) believe a prime factor in the creation of an atmosphere of permissive anti-Semitism is in- sensitivity on the Jewish ques- tion by Premier' Khrushchev. The Soviet leader has frequently discussed Jewish questions and almost invariably has displayed traces, at least, of anti-Semitic prejudices common to the bor- derland of the Ukraine where he grew up." Describing the fear prevailing among Soviet Jews as anti- Semitic actions increase, the New York Times correspondent says that there are no pogroms today in Russia as in the times of the Czar, although the old Czarist slogan "Beat the Jews and save Russia" may be mut- tered by home hooligans. "Nor are Jews being executed or shipped off to S i.b e r i a as in Stalin's days," the correspond- ent reports. Nevertheless, he emphasizes, Jewish fear and suspicion in the Soviet Union are now on the increase because of the revival of anti-Semitism which has been stimulated "by ag- gressive official propaganda against the Jewish religion, often couched in terms that blur the boundary between anti-religion and anti-Semit- ism." Salisbury reports that neo- Stalinist Young Communist League gangs "have been mobi- lized to intimidate and browbeat Jewish communities." Jews in many places in the Soviet Union are reluctant to have contacts with foreigners or co-religionists because of the reprisals that may be visited upon them by the Government, he established. Foreign diplomats, the corre- spondent asserts, believe that the motive in the new campaign against Russian Jews is not anti- religiousness but gross. national- ism and fear of foreigners. The -Soviet regime fears its Jews, partly- on the basis of the stand- ard Communist phobia against any non-Communist social group and partly on the fact that Jews have ties with other Jews abroad and have fre. quently shown "sym- pathy for and interest in" Israel. The Soviet regime is consid- ered by foreign diplomats hyper- sensitive on the Zionist question and is believed to suffer from security qualms because of the sympathy of many of the 3,000,000 Soviet Jews for Jews in 'other countries. Such feelings were sharpened as a result of the sympathy with Israel displayed by Jews openly in Leningrad and other Soviet cities. In addition to the arrests, trials and sentences of Jewish religious leaders in Moscow and Leningrad, the correspondent writes, known and respected Jewish leaders in Riga, Kiev, Vilna and Tashkent, among oth- er cities with substantial Jewish communities, have been forced to resign to be replaced by men more pliable to Soviet. wishes. The drive to smear Russian Jews by "exposing" them as speculat- ors and absconders was the same as the method used by police and young Communist agents to attack non-conformist youths and libral writers, Mr. Salisbury stresses. In recent months, the corre- spondent reports, the embattled Soviet Jews have attracted strong and articulate allies in the So- viet intellectual • community. Such persons, he wrote, were actively trying to arouse Rus- sians generally - to .a _ feeling of shame and rage at the anti- Semitic stain on the national conscience. He cited the young poet Y e v g e n y Yevtushenko, whom he described as the idol of Soviet youth, as an outstand- ing example. Also the poet Vladi- mir Nekrasov, who took a stand similar to .Yevtushenko consid- erably earlier. On the plus side, the corre- spondent reported that dis- missal of Jews from posts to exile or execution was no longer occurring as it did dur- ing the Stalin era. Moreover, Jewish students, at least in Moscow and Leningrad, seem to have less trouble than be- fore in getting into higher educational institutions. The leading role of Jewish scien- tists in Russia's spectacular space achievements has won "grudging" recognition in high Government circles. For all that, the correspondent concluded, "anti-Semitism is still a blot on the Soviet scene." He cited among other facts the story of Kiev and the nearby gully, called Babi Yar, where the Nazis marched 75,000 Jewish men, women and • children and slaughtered them. He reported that Soviet officials avoid any attention to Babi Yar and that when the Jewish massacres are mentioned, the officials are quick to declare that the Jews were not the only Russians murdered by the Nazis. Z.O.A. Leaders Differ Whether Anti-Semitism In Russia Is Governmental Differences of opinion on whether anti-Semitism now pre- vailing in the Soviet Union is part and parcel of an official policy of the Soviet Govern- ment developed among leaders of the Zionist Organization of America at the two-day meeting of the ZOA National Executive Council last week-end. While Max Bressler, ZOA president, said that he does not subscribe to the contention that "underlying the anti-Jewish dis- crimination in Russia is govern- mental anti-Semitism," Dr. Max Nussbaum, chairman of the Na- tional Executive Council assert- ed at today's session that the imprisonment of lay leaders and rabbis in the Soviet Union rep- resents "an open policy of anti- Semitism embarked upon by the Moscow government." Both Zionist leaders equally expressed concern over the dis- The diplomats point to the criminations which are being fact that the most prominent 'practiced now against Jews in Jewish victims of recent the Soviet Union and especially months have been persons who over the arrests of Jewish com- have had social and cultural munal and religious leaders. contacts with Israeli diplomats. However, Bressler expressed the The correspondent emphasized belief that these discriminations that none of the Israeli ac- stem most probably from a mis- tivities in such contacts would conception of what constitutes have caused any ' reaction in Jewish nationality or Judaism any other country. In Russia, combined with a political aver- the contacts spurred' the So- sion to Israel. "To my mind," viet security apparatus to furi- he said, "both these sources ous activity. can yield to change with patient and proper handling." Dr. Emanuel Neumann, mem- ber of the Jewish Agency ex- ecutive, addressing the session, criticized the present multi- plicity of competing groups in the American Zionist movement and called for a closer union among American Zionist organi- zations through an "earnest re- appraisal and realignment" of . Zionist forces in this country. He voiced the belief that "this can be effected without the total loss of identity" on the part of the various Zionist groups, or the suppression of their internal autonomy. Moshe Sharett, chairman of the Jewish Agency, said that the present position of Jews in some countries constitutes a challenge to Zionists and non- Zionists alike. "It is up to the non - Zionists to acknowledge that without the inspiration and drive supplied by the Zionist movement there would have been no independent Israel to- day," he said. "It is up to the Zionists to realize-that far from being able to rest on their laurels, they are called upon to close their ranks and re- double their efforts so as to make of the Zionist message the central theme of contempo- rary Jewish life." Jewish scientists in the Soviet Union are constantly being watched • by Russian "security organs," lest they pass on secret information which ultithately reaches "American agents" through Israel diplomats in the USSR, it was revealed by Vadi Bogoslovsky, a Soviet off serving in the United ns. In an interview corre- spondent of Jewish Day- Morning Jo al, Bogoslovsky "explaine why Jews in the Soviet on constitute a "spe- cial s rity problem" f r t auth ies. He said: s have a re to p sib' y of . bei fo g gn agents. ye a n ral interest i nd a not in fferent to Isr diplomats T Israeli diplo often in the synagogu R la. 'Th talk to the wo pers an . make friends them. The alk. They each other things. s that a Jew has a son w o has .an important post in a scientific research in- stitute that is Concerned with research in seer et develop- ments. The diplomat learns de- tails and hands them over to his American friends. This is espionage." "As a result of these circum- stances," Mr. Bogoslovsky con- tinued, "Jewish scientists are under special surveillance by our security organs because there were many incidents which would force us to under- take actions to prevent any kind of what, for us, would be unpleasant situations." The sit- uation, said the Soviet official, is "uncomfortable" both for the Jews in Russia and for the So- viet regime, "but the circum- stances and the strained world situation have created it." On Monday, Bogoslovsky de- pied ever giving an interview to Jacobson or even having ex- pressed the views attributed to him in a private discussion. He said Jacobson's article was "un- provoked, baseless and a pure invention." He admitted meeting Jacob- son in the UN Delegates' Lobby and said they had several very casual conversations, that Jacob- son tried to draw out of him opinions about the Jewish situ- ation in Russia and that his answers • were that he was un- familiar with the subject. Jacobson, when he was told about Bogoslovsky's denial, in- sisted that he gave an accurate account of his talks with the Russian. He said the interview was a "private talk" and that he can understand why Bogo- slovsky denies it, but he in- sisted that he quoted him ac- curately. Soviet Sentences Four Vilna Jews to Death LONDON, (JTA) — Four Jews were sentenced by a So- viet court in Vienna to death before a firing squad, and four others were given prison sen- ences ranging from four ye to 10 years, after bein victed of alleged speculation," it was a cable by Tass, news agency. Those given de were named as Michael Rabinovic and Basia Reznitsk sentences, for alle city in the crimes, ported to have been imposed on M. Melamed, R. Vidri, Zelda Zismanovich and Michael Kaminyar: mier Nikita Khrushchev, when asked at a press conference about discrimination against Jews in the Soviet Union. The Soviet editor told the press conference that there are synagogues functioning in the Soviet Union and that Jews oc- cupy "high posts" in the Soviet armed forces. He said that there are 10 Jews on the staff of Izvest . of them is th- ant editor e paper. sked a 'alit\ the rests of ewish communal an eligions leaders charges •f being "Zion' .t ts," a the long ces ted out to dj replied: "I ord of honor solutely nothing Dinner at DARBY'S - is a real treat 1 • Visit Our New SKYLIGHT ROOM, Cocktail' Lounge and Bar Khrushchev's Son-In-Law Angered Over Question On Anti-Semitism In Russia RIO DE JANEIRO, (JTA)— "Who gave you the right to speak in the name of Soviet Jews?" was the agnry reply given hereby Alexis Adjubei, editor of Izvestia, official or- gan of the Soviet government, and son-in-law of Soviet Pre- O • AFTER THEATRE Snacks . Delight a • LUNCHEON A Pleasure Res. UN 2-7642 SEVEN MILE at WYOMING NMO.O.M..1■MM.O.MNIAMM4.11111..M.10..41■040.W.J LIMITED TIME ONLY! 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