fore 1940," says Gottschalk, "it can be said that Belgium rec- ognized the right of asylum and considered it sacred." Queen Elizabeth set an ex- ample for the rest of the coun- try by intervening with the occupying authorities on behalf of groups of children or persons over 65 and managed to pre- vent numerous deportations and eventual death. "In fact," says Gottschalk, "thanks to the steps taken by the Royal Family, general deporta- tion of Belgian Jews was delayed until Sept. 7, 1943. The clergy, the religious com- munities, civil authorities and of- ficial government organs took all steps possible to counteract Ger- man measures. Cardinal Vay Roey, primate of Belgium, as well as many other high-ranking eccle- siastics, made many appeals, ef- fective in the beginning, to the Vatican and to the Germans in order to prevent deportations. At the same time ; the religious communities helped the resist- ance effort by hiding many infant and adult Jews. During the resistance, a spe- cial section of the Front for In- dependence was formed. specific- ally to defend the Jewish popu- lation. This underground move- ment, called the Committee for Jewish Defense, found secret lodgings, prepared false papers and food stamps and used armed action. The underground press distrib- Officials of the Ministry of uted circulars and newspapers in Justice played an essential role Yiddish, Dutch and French call- in the resistance to anti-Semitic ing the Jewish population to the measures. Research dossiers resistance movement. In addi- were hidden, appeals were . tion, pamphlets in German were made, and energetic and re- issued with the object of lower- peated protests were addressed ing the morale of Nazi soldiers. to the German military gover- nor for. Belgium and northern France. The National Children's Be- nevolent Society worked close- ly with the Conunittee for Jew- ish Defense and placed many Jewish children with families that, because of their aid, ran the risk of being deported themselves. The local administrations, the police and others helped obtain false identity papers, working permits and food stamps. The Belgian League Against Tubercu- losis sheltered Jews and set up medical services for them. A vital assist to the resistance was supplied by postmen, who delayed letters of denunciation and destroyed them. Even the railway employees kept the last deportation train wandering around Belgium - from the end of August until the liberation on Sept. 4, 1944. ,,Kg.*;:t2i::+1KX.*Zaiali,;14:4-2?-2i3W14WK:::41WiX+`414•Xaci:CCit*X>:.:Kilit*X>WK >Z ■ X::KiteM2,1*X>:.*:?5:"WK:XV.Ki::Kei2i:..:K>3CKaiWiaMD.i:#21>:*>.V4ialiEciaMai.Z.:K:g*ICK+X>W4 THE DETROIT BUSINESS MEN'S GROUP These leukemia-stricken children are being cared for at the City of Hope through your contributions, part of a .;1 specially designed children's - play- ground for youngsters stricken with catastrophic diseases. CITY OF HOPE n is again pleased to extend a warm invitation to their many friends 48th Annual CITY OF H CHAMPAGNE, DINNER:' DANCE Sunda y , November Hotel ,Sheratog Cadillac Grand Ballroom Once again we humbly approach the people of the Detroit Com- munity to continue their magnificent support of a project which has relieved suffering and saved numberless lives. Send your contributions today ... respectfully, Joseph Lee, President .. The City of Hopi is a Nonsectarian, FREE, National Medical Center devoted to a three-pronged assault on Cancer, Leukemia, Hodgkin's Disease, Tuber- culosis and Heart Ailments amenable to surgery. Every effort is made to heal the patient physically, mentally and spiritual ly. Joseph Lee, President • EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Nathan R. Epstein Honorary President Joseph Lee Eugene Epstein President George Gray Dinner Dance Chairman Fund Raising Vice Pres. Iry Herman Larry. Labell Harold. Kozloff Harry Goldberg 1st Vice President - Financial Secretary Max Spoon Harry .Brodsky Financial Vice President Treasurer . 0 k1 Eugene Epstein Chairman Saul Katz Ben Goldberg Julius Spoon Executive Secretary Sergeant at Arms Jack Beckwith - - invited to attend this gratifying affair of the season you will acknowledge as promptly as possible. Our deepest -thanks to you all for your wonderful support. Bob Hall Nathan P. Rossen Tom Borman Adolph Kessler William Rossen William. Benderoff Bernard Kozloff Seymour Shapiro Charles Canvasser Alex Kushner R. S. Shaye Norman Cottler. Maurice Marrich George Spoon Bernard Dizik Oscar Rappoport Harry Spoon Al Rosenberg Ben Stone Max Rosenfeld Morris Sukenic Ben Gould - Irwin Green ♦zjm May Sol Siegel Membership Secretary Membership Vice-President Invitations to this Annual Champagne Dinner Dance are very limited and our requests grow more numerous each year. May we suggest, therefore, that if you have been BOARD OF DIRECTORS Publicity Co Directors - - 1 11 - . t4t I send you a part of the inspiring City of Hope story? Just call TE. 4-3808 or write City of Hope, 14379 Livernois, Detroit. orK 9Ali aHL -- 6 At the request of Judge Moshe Landau, president of the tribunal at the Eichman trial in Jerusalem, Max Gettschalk, president of the Consistoire Central Israelite of Belgium, sent a deposition outlining Belgian aid to Jews before and during World War II. In summary, the deposition stated that Belgium opened • its borders to Jewish refugees from Germany from the earliest moments they began to flee the Hitler tyranny. A leading figure in this action was Paul-Emile Janson, Belgian minister of Justice.. Janson, later arrested by the Gestapo, died while a captive, "Throughout the period be- mouIaa Belgium Outlines War Aid to Jews at Request of Judge Moshe Landau