24

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS — Friday, July 21, 1961 —

On ig so in tionJairect Talks

octrinaires Are Repudiated in Rockwell Issue

By MILTON FRIEDMAN

By ELIAHU SALPETER

(Copyright, 1961,
Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.)

(Copyright, 1961, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.)

JERUSALEM—It has been reported. that the U.S. intends
to put forward new proposals for the solution of the refugee
question through the Palestine Conciliation Commission. But a
review of the history of the PCC tends to show that "there is
nothing new under the sun" as far as the Arab refugees are
concerned.
The PCC was established by the UN General Assembly in
December 1948, in a resolution which terminated the functions
of the UN mediator and transferred his tasks to the PCC. The
resolution called upon the parties to "seek agreement by nego-
tiation either with the PCC or directly, with a view of final
settlement of all questions outstanding between them." The
same resolution called for free access to all the holy places
in Palestine and as far as Jerusalem was concerned, it instructed
the P.C.C. to work out a detailed proposal for a permanent
international regime for the city.
In the famous Article XI of that resolution, the General
Assembly reiterated that refugees wishing to return to their
homes and "live in peace with their neighbors" should be per-
mitted to do so "at the earliest practicable date" and that com-
pensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not
to return. The Article instructed the P.C.C. to facilitate the
implementation of this point, too.
In April 1949, the Lausanne Conference started, and during
that Conference, Israel made two far-reaching concessions: she
announced her willingness to unfreeze the Arab accounts blocked
in Israel banks and a willingness to permit the return of 100,000
refugees as a part of the complete solution of the refugee ques-
tion. This, however, only whetted the appetite of the Arabs
and they became more intransigent in their original demands.
Negotiations remained deadlocked for more than a year, and in
October 1950 the P.C.C. recognized the sensibility of Israel's
fundamental position and recommended to the General Assem-
bly that all outstanding questions should be discussed between
Israel and the Arabs' in "direct negotiations."
The Arabs did not accept this, and in September 1951 the
P.C.C. made another effort—submitting to both parties a five-
point proposal for a Palestine settlement. These proposals, rem-
iniscent of the reported ideas of President Kennedy, suggested
that 200,000 refugees should be permitted to return, the rest
should be settled in Arab countries receiving compensation for
• their abandoned properties and that a large developed scheme
should be worked out based on the international ultilization
of the waters of the Jordan. Both the Arabs and Israel sub-
mitted counter proposals which were tantamount to rejection
of the original P.C.C. proposals.
In the following years the only progress -repOrted by the
P.C.C. was the result of. Israel keeping her promise about the
unfreezing of Arab blocked accounts.. By the middle of 1956,
more than $7,000,000 were thus released. All the rest of the
activity of_ the P.C.C. was restricted to the registration of
Arab properties in Israel. This work was completed in 1959
when about 450,000 lots were identified and registered. On
the basis of this registration, the P.C.C. should complete this
year the detailed evaluation of this property, which in 1951
was tentatively evaluated at $280,000,000.
As for the peace making function of the P.C.C., from 1952
onwards, its annual reports contained practically without any
change or wording, the same sentence, "the Commission had no
opportunity to exercise_ its general functions because of the
unchanged attitude of the parties."
It is on the background of this record that Israeli observers
view with certain skepticism the reports that Washington wants
to make a new try at the' solution of the refugee question
through the P.C.C. Israeli circles believe that the finding of
the P.C.C. in October 1950 is just as valid today, eleven years
later. The best hope for a solution of the outstanding problem
is—direct negotiations between the parties. And the best help
the friendly powers can provide is to induce the Arabs to enter
into such direct talks.

,

Germany to Repa y
y Italian Jewry
for Nazi Ransom, Stolen Librar y

WASHINGTON — Doctrin-
aire civil libertarians, more
preoccupied with legal techni-
calities than the ends of jus-
tice, were dismayed when the
District of Columbia Court of
Appeals ruled that free speech
does not confer a "right" to
verbally provoke violence.
The Court of Appeals up-
held disorderly conduct convic-
tions of George Lincoln Rock-
well for breaches of the peace
at rallies of his American Nazi
Party last year. Two rallies, in
July 1960, erupted into violence
after Rockwell, exploiting "free
speech," taunted crowds. He
used such epithets as "dirty
Jews . . . rotten Jews . . . cow-
ards . . . traitors.'
Alleging that he was silenced
by a "mob" and deprived' of
his liberty to espouse his views,
Rockwell appealed, but the
Court of Appeals has now
studied the whole issue of
Rockwell's exploitation of "free
speech" and ruled that respon-
sibility for disorderly conduct
and rioting at the rallies rested
entirely upon Rockwell and his
Nazis.
In one case, his "offensive
and insulting" utterances to
the crowd caused a riot. In the
other, Rockwell ordered his
"Storm-troopers" into the audi-
ence because anti-Nazis dared
to heckle while he was speak-
ing.
On July 3, 1960, Rockwell
was staging a public anti-
Semitic rally near Washing-
ton's leading art gallery and
museum. His shouts of "dirty
Jews, rotten Jews" and ref-
erences to Jews generally as
"traitors" inflamed a crowd of
non-Jews and Jews. Bloody vio-
lence ensued. Rockwell and 16
Nazis were arrested. Six spec-
tators also were booked but

ROME, (JTA)—The West the gold was reportedly found
German Government has in Silesia at the end of the
agreed to pay the Italian Jew- Second World War. The missing
ish community a total of 4,500,- library, which included price-
000 deutschmarks ($1,125,000) less manuscripts and volumes
in compensation for the 110 , dating to the 15th century, has
pounds of gold and the 70,000- never been found.
volume library which the Nazi
occupation authorities exacted
from the Jews of Rome in Octo- I ‘13nai Aliyah' Formed
ber 1943, in return for a pledge by ZOA . for Members
by the Nazis guaranteeing their
safety. The Nazis later broke Settling in Israel
their pledge when thousands of
To encourage and stimulate
Rome's Jews were deported to aliyah (immigration to Israel)
death camps.
among its members, the Zionist
The restitution agreement, Organization of America has
which followed two years of taken steps for the establishment
negotiations, was signed in a within its ranks of an organized
Berlin Civil Court by Fritz
group, to be known as "Bnai
Becker, the World Jewish Con-1
Aliyah," according to an an-
gress representative in Italy, on
nouncement by . Jacob M. Dinnes,
behalf of the Union of Italian
Jewish Cominunities and the national chairman of the ZOA
Rome Jewish community, and Aliyah Committee. The group
by a representative of the West will consist of ZOA members
who are plAnning to settle in
German Foreign Ministry.
Israel personally, as well as chil-
Half of the restitution funds dren, parents, brothers and sis-
1
are to be paid immediately, ac- ters. of those who contemplate
cording to the agreement, while ! settling in Israel. It will also in-
the remainder will be paid ' elude members whose immediate
when additional funds are al-
I relatives live in Israel.
located by the Bonn Govern-
The organization meeting of
ment.
Italian Jewish circles ex- "Bnai Aliyah" will be held dur-
pressed satisfaction with the ing the ZOA national convention
terms of the agreement, and scheduled for Aug. 30—Sept. 3
said they considered the total I in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel,
adequate compensation. Most of New York.

The Court of Appeals, up-
holding Judge Reeves' decision,
noted that freedom of speech
is not an absolute right .The
Appeals Court said Rockwell's
statements on July 3, 1960,
were "offensive and insulting"
and "led to fighting."
Notation was made that, in
its current term, the United
States Supreme Court ruled
that freedom of speech was not
so absolute that it gives a per-
son "an unlimited license."
The Appeals Court also cited
an earlier opinion of the Su-
preme Court which stated:
to epithets or personal
WJC's 25th Jubilee "Resort
abuse is not in any proper
sense communication of infor-
mation or opinion safeguarded
by the Constitution."
Appeals Court Judge Andrew
M. Hood pointed out that there
was no issue of prior restraint
against the Rockwell speech by
U.S. park police.
At that rally, Rockwell de-
nounced persons who voiced
disagreement with his anti-
Semitic tirade; called them
"Jews . . . cowards," etc., there-
by "increasing the intensity"
of the audience's hostile re-
sponse; Rockwell then ordered
his Storm-troopers into the
audience. A spectator was
The World Jewish Congress, struck and a fight developed,
"Under the circumstances,
representing Jewish communi-
ties in 64 lands, will celebrate we cannot conceive of a better
its 25th anniversary in August way to cause disorder than that
in the city of its founding, adopted by (Rockwell)," Judge
Geneva, Switzerland. Shown Hood said. He was joined by
at the constituent assembly in Judges Thomas D. Quinn and
Nathan Cayton.
1936 are Louis Lipsky (left)
In its ruling, the Court of
and Dr. Nahum Goldmann,
WJC president. The 25th anni- Appeals vindicated those who
have maintained that a dif-
versary celebration will come
at the conclusion of a global ference exists between legiti-
executive session of the World mate free speech and cynical
incitement to violence.
Jewish Congress in Geneva.

charges against them were
dropped.
constitu-
citing
Rockwell,
tional guarantees to justify his
public oral abuse of Jews and
incitement, contended that he
had done all in his power, in-
cluding consultation with po-
lice, to prevent violence—short
of refusing to speak.
Municipal Court Judge Mil-
dred E. Reeves has ruled that
Rockwell was incorrectly in-
voking the Constitution, fined
him $100, and imposed lesser
fines on his Nazi supporters.

OAS Bombs Jews'
Shops in Algeria

(Direct JTA Teletype Wire to
The Jewish News)

PARIS—The OAS, the French
underground organization in Al-
giers. was reported here Tuesday
to have again bombed Jewish
shops and homes in Algiers,
causing considerable damage but
no known deaths.
A kosher butcher shop in the
Bab-El-Wad section of Algiers
was blown up by the OAS, as_
were a number of Jewish homes
in the area.
The attacks were understood
to have been made in reprisals
against participation by Jews in
Algeria in a recent Moslem strike
for independence from France
and also against the Jews who
have left Algeria. Such emigra-
tion is considered by the Euro-
pean extremists as "treason"
toward French Algeria.

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1961 CITY TAXES

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CITY TREASURER