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U. S. Delegate Charges USSR
Anti-Semitism, Stirs UN Row
Jesuit Organs Publish 'Firmest
Catholic Evaluation - of Plus'
Stand on Jews Under the Nazis
By TULLIA ZEVI
Rome Correspondent of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency
Copyright, 1961, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.
ROME—Two authoritative organs of the Jesuit order, Stimmen der
Zeit in Munich and Civilta Cattolica in Rome, will soon publish simulta-
neously an article by Jesuit Father Robert Leiber entitled, "Pius XII
and the Jews of Rome 1943-1944."
Father Leiber was the personal assistant of Pope Pius XII from
1924 to 1959, when the Pope died in Rome. Therefore, Father Leiber
is considered by many to have the deepest insight into the late Pope's
character and thoughts.
Father Leiber's article, which was shown to this correspondent,
is important from a Jewish point of view. Although the article aims
to document the late Pope's attitude toward the Jews of Rome, it also
provides a more general and authoritative definitioh of Pope Pius'
stand during the years of Nazi-Fascist persecutions. This attitude has
repeatedly come under fire in recent years, from Jewish as well as non-
Jewish sources. The article aims to refute these criticisms, with docu-
mentation and arguments, some previously unpublished.
In September 1943 the Germans occupied Rome and soon after,
anti-Jewish measures were instituted. Persecution of the Jews lasted
until the Nazi withdrawal on June 4, 1944. How did Pope Pius XII
react to the anti-Jewish measures?
Gerhard Schoeneberner attempted to answer this question in his
book "Der Gelbe Stern" (1960) by quoting the following diplomatic
report written by Ernest Von Weisacker, German Ambassador to the
Vatican, on Oct. 28, 1943:
"Although pressed by several sides, the Pope did not let himself
be dragged into any outspoken reproval concerning the deportation of
Roman Jews. Although it is to be expected that this attitude shall be
exploited by our enemies and by Protestant milieus in Anglo-Saxon
countries in their propaganda against Catholicism, he nevertheless
did all he could in this delicate problem, not to create difficulties
with the German government and German circles in Rome. Since
undoubtedly there shall be no further German action in Rome against
the Jews, it can be expected that this question, unpleasant for the
relations between Germany and the Vatican is liquidated."
"Nevertheless," states Father Leiber, "a symptom of this state of
affairs appears in the attitude of the Vatican. In the issue of Oct. 25-26
an official communique on the Pope's charitable activities was pub-
lished by Osservatore Romano. This communique, in typical Vatican
style, that is with +a contorted and nebulous style, declares that the
(Continued on Page 3)
Direct JTA Teletype Wire to The Jewish News
UNITED NATIONS, N:Y.—A
reminder by the United States repre-
sentative on the Human Rights Commission that the Soviet government
still . had not replied in the United Nations to charges of discrimination
against Soviet Jewry touched off a sharp exchange here Monday.
The reminder was offered by Mrs. Marietta P. Tree, who called anti-
Semitism a "disease which none of us can afford to ignore." She said it was
encouraging that some governments had given assurances that perpetrators
of anti-Semitic incidents would be punished and action taken to prevent
incidents in the future.
She then criticized the Soviet Union indirectly with the comment that
"some countries" had not reported what they were doing to prevent such
abuses. She referred to reports from various groups charging anti-Semitic
incidents and discrimination against Soviet Jews.
V. I. Sapozhnikov, the Soviet delegate, angrily replied that "raising
of charges concerning Soviet Jews is an attempt on behalf of the United
States Government and of American Zionist organizations to distract atten-
tion from neo-Nazism in West Germany. It is nothing but a smokescreen
since everybody knows that Jews enjoy equal treatment in Russia."
He added that two months ago, when Jewish complaints against the
Soviet Union were brought up at a meeting of the Human Rights Subcom-
mission, he was supported in his denial by the representative of the United
Arab Republic and by Prof. Hiscocks of Britain. Sir Samuel Hoare, the
British delegate, replied sharply with an attack on the Soviet delegate.
,IDC Leader Becomes Export-Import
Bank Head: Meriwether Confirmed
WASHINGTON, (JTA)—Harold F. Linder, vice-president of the Joint Distribution
Committee, was sworn in March 4 as president and chairman of the hoard of directors of
the United States Export-Import Bank. He was appointed by President Kennedy to this post
to replace Samuel C. Waugh, of Nebraska, who served during the previous Administration.
A U. S. Naval commander during World War II, Linder, shortly before the end of
the.war, went to London to serve as a volunteer representative of the Joint Distribution
Committee with the Reparations Commission and the Intergovernmental Committee on
Refugees. He served in 1952, under appointment by President Truman, as Assistant
Secretary of State for Economic Affairs.
The new appointment was unanimously confirmed by the Senate Banking Committee
and the Senate. Linder was welcomed by Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon to
his new position in ceremonies at Bank headquarters.
Senator Jacob K. Javits, New York Republican, who took a leading role in the
Senate Banking Committee controversy over the appointment of Charles Meriwether,
Alabama racist, as a . director of the U.S. Export-Import Bank, waged a vigorous fight
on the Senate floor against Meriwether's final confirmation.
A five-hour heated and acrimonious debate preceded the
rejection in the Senate on Tuesday, by a vote of 66 to 18, of a
motion to recommit to the Senate Banking Committee the Meri-
wether nomination. That served to assure confirmation, which
was attained by a coalition of liberal supporters of President
Kennedy and the Dixiecrat right wing Republican bloc.
Senator Javits introduced the motion to recommit.
The debate found Senator Paul Douglas, Illinois Democrat,
joined with Senator Everett Dirksen, of Illinois, the Republican
leader, in urging that "mercy and compassion" be shown Meri-
wether.
Sen. Javits charged that Meriwether had shown a "lack of
sensitivity to the public policy of the United States."
Sen. Wayne B. Morse (Dem., Ore.) read into the record an
editorial from a leading Alabama newspaper protesting against
Meriwether's nomination. He made charges of incompetence
against Meriwether and said he had a criminal record. But Presi-
dent Kennedy, at his press conference, said Meriwether was
checked and cleared by the FBI.
Sen. Prescott Bush (R., Conn.), who voted to recommend
confirmation in committee, voted against confirmation in the
Senate.
Fourteen Jewish refugees from
Sen. Edmund S. Muskie (D., Me.), who abstained in com-
Egypt were among the migrants from four countries who landed in the United States
mittee, supported confirmation.
through the assistance of United Hias Service in time to spend Passover in this
When Sen. Ernest Gruening, (D., Ala.) suggested that since
country. Others in the group came from the Middle East and Eastern Europe.
Meriwether's views had international implications the appointment
Some of the newcomers have been happily reunited with members of their families.
be referred to the Foreign Relations Committee, Sen. Willis
All of them were speeded on their way to a new life through the worldwide Jew-
Robertson of Virginia, chairman of the Senate Banking Com-
ish migration agency's intensified activities under the new U.S. refugee immigra-
raittee, angrily asked him if he had made a similar suggestion
when the Senate acted on the nomination of a
tion law. Their road to resettlement in various communities is being eased with
Jew from New
York. He did not identify the nominee, but was
expert help from the Jewish Family Service Agencies in Atlanta, Los Angeles and
believed to be
referring
to
Harold
Linder,
the
new
Export-Import
Bank
Boston, and the National Committee for Resettement of Foreign Physicians.
Refugees Arrive in U.S.:
chairman.
(Continued on Page 5)