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World Zionist Congress in Israel
(Continued from Page 1)
that those interested in the fu-
ture of Judaism must view the
dangers facing Jews in the Dia-
spora "with open eyes and with
courage."
"In certain Moslem and totali-
tarian states," he stated, "Juda-
ism is in danger of strangulation.
In countries of freedom and pros-
perity, Jews face the kiss of
death . . . a slow, unnoticeable
decline into assimilation. This
Congress must warn and be
warned."
He pointed out that within
the first three years of Israel's
new statehood the population
of Israel doubled .. • while it
took 20 years for the United
States to double its population
after the American Declara-
tion of Independence.
The Premier dwelt at length
on Jewish immigration to Israel
which, he declared, was "the
central problem." The stimuli of
early immigration—distress, eco-
nomic and political persecution,
discrimination and degradation—
were, in Ben-Gurion's opinion,
"insufficient to induce a large
settlement of Palestine, in view
of the poverty of the country
and in view of insecurity."
The early Zionist ideology,
Ben-Gurion said, was founded on
the European attitude toward the
Jew • and the attitude of Jews
toward Europe. Jews in Eastern
Europe and the Balkans, and the
Zionist minority in Western
Europe, he said, did not regard
themselves as part of the people
among whom they lived, but as
a "foreign growth," exiles whose
future lay in Israel.
This ideology, he went on, "was
not cherished in the United
States because there the situation
is different, and no American
Jew, Zionist or non-Zionist, feels
he is a foreign or a temporary
growth in that country."
However, the American
Jews must play a role in the
current, grave, urgent chal-
lenge of Aliyah which faces
this generation, because "it is
in this generation that the
fate of the state and Jewry
will be determined."
Goldmann Tuesday told the
delegates there is no reason for
deploring "the great debate" that
has been going on in the Zionist
movement since the emergence
of the Jewish State. Such a de-
bate, he said, "is characteristic
of a great movement which is
alive, which is built around
ideologies and ideals."
"Indeed," he said, "it would be
a sad indication for the move-
ment if Zionist life cohtinued as
if nothing had happened with the
advent of the Jewish State."
Touching on the question as
to whether "Zionism has been
fulfilled," he said: "There is
no doubt that only half has
been accomplished. To com-
plete the task, it will require
greater efforts, greater pa-
tience, more stubbornness. The
task ahead will lack, much of
the drama of the first half. But
historically, it will be the most
real, the most vital part of
our movement."
organization, . and from the
viewpoint of its full coopera-
tion with other Jewish com-
munities," he asserted. "In the
great, free country of the
United States, the Jewish com-
munity should not hesitate in
its actions and in its attitudes
to manifest solidarity with the
Jewish people as a whole, and
with Israel in particular."
Next to the task of. the present
generation to make Israel secure,
"and to complete the Zionist
solution of the Jewish problem,"
Goldmann emphasized in his ad-
dress, "there is no greater issue
than the' problem of the three
million Soviet Jews. It is a tragic,
fundamental fact," he said, "that
their actua' situation is that they
have no real facilities to live as
Jews, to develop a Jewish cul-
ture — religious, linguistic or
otherwise. And they have no pos-
sibility of communicating with
Jews of other countries.
"The situation of the Jews in
the Soviet Union is strikingly
different by comparison with the
rights accorded other religious
and national groups in the USSR.
Forty years after the revolution,
hundreds of th3usands of Jews
in the Soviet Union are still
loyally determined to be Jews.
We cannot keep quiet with re-
gard to the fate of nearly a
fourth of our people," Goldmann
declared. He also stressed the
rights of Jews to emigrate from
the Soviet Union.
Goldmann said that security,
stability and consolidation of the -
State depend on the numerical
size of the people within Israel.
"When Zionism proclaimed the
creation of the homeland, or the
territorial solution of the Jewish
problem as the only guarantee
for survival," said Goldmann, "it
did not indicate what proportion
of people will have to be concen-
trated in the Jewish State in
order to safeguard its future.
"These rights," he contin-
But everyone — minimalists and ued, "are also being denied in
maximalists—will agree that, if some other countries, although
less than a fifth of the people is the rights are stipulated in the
concentrated in the homeland,
the aim of Zionism is far from
fulfillment," the world Zionist
leader emphasized.
Goldmann also dealt with the
role and - the duty of American
Jewry today. "American Jews,"
he said, "are determining more
than ever the tone of Jewish life
BONN, (JTA) — Changes in
everywhere. Therefore, it is the West
German law to make pos-
duty of American Jewry to serve sible the
of Nazi war
as an example in many respects. criminals prosecution
on new charges, even
"American Jewry is lagging
though the criminals had been
behind—both from the point
previously convicted on other
of view of its internal, over-all
charges by the War Crimes Trib-
unal in 1947, were advocated
here by Dr. Fritz Schaeffer, Fed-
eral Minister of Justice. Schaeffer
said he will propose such changes
at the next conference of all State
of Justice, to be held
the Ministerial Committee. The Ministers
in February or March.
Prime Minister's reported here
Two cases in which courts have
"Lavon or me" attitude was ordered
dismissal of new charges
seen as certain to force a show- against previously
convicted war
down between Lavon support- criminals were sharply
criticized
ers, who were believed to by Schaeffer. In one case,
include Mapai members sympa- February, the Superior Court last
of
thetic to other government Schleswig-Holstein dismissed new
members forced to resign with charges against Dr. Franz Schle-
Lavon in 1955, and supporters gelberger, Deputy Minister of
of the Prime Minister, who in- Justice under the Nazi regime.
clude a small neutral group
In the new indictment, Schle-
whose members believe that gelberger was accused of having
preservation of the party de- ordered the execution of a 70-
mands deferment of action for year-old Jew previously sentenced
the time being on the dispute. by the Nazi regime to a jail term
Sunday's report referred to for a minor offense. The Schles-
"unsatisfactory relations" pre- wig-Holstein court ruled that this
vailing in the Defense Ministry would be a case of "double je-
at the time which may have led opardy." Schlegelberger had been
to the ill-fated security mishap. convicted of war crimes by the
Lavon, in resigning, protested Nuremberg tribunal, and sen-
he had nothing to do with the tenced to life imprisonment. How-
order and in the years that fol- ever, he was freed due to ill
lowed, when he became Secre- health and age. He is now 84.
tary-General of the Histadrut,
Basing itself . on the Schlegel-
continued to maintain that posi- berger decision, this month an-
tion.
other court dismissed charges
The Ministerial Committee rec- against Ernst Lautz, a "peoples
ommended, in the light of its court" chief prosecutor during the
findings, that the Israel Cabinet Nazi regime, who had also been
and the Committee for Security convicted at Nuremberg and sub-
and Foreign Affairs of the Knes- sequently released. The new in-
set, Israel's Parliament, deal with dictment against Lautz listed 14
the issue of relations between crimes not previously included in
civilian and military authorities the charges at Nuremberg.
within the Defense Ministry.
According to Schaeffer, the
The Committee also decided fact that a Nazi war criminal was
there was no further need for convicted at Nuremberg should
an inquiry and that only one not foreclose prosecutions on
senior officer and one army re- newly discovered evidence relat-
servist, whose names were not ing to other crimes. He said he
disclosed, bore responsibility for will seek such an interpretation of
the 1954 mishap. The committee law from all the State Ministers
exonerated others mentioned in of Justice, making possible new
the course of various investiga- prosecutions of Nazi war critn-
' finals.
tions.
Bonn Minister
Seeks Stronger
War Crime Code
"If a Jew has to pay for equal-
ity as a citizen by ceasing to be
a Jew, he is not equal," he said.
"In the Nineteenth Century, we
had to fight for the right to be
equal; in the Twentieth Century
we have to fight for the right to
be _different."
Goldmann opened the Congress
by paying tribute to the . memory
of the late Dr. Theodor Herzl,
founder of political Zionism,
whose hundredth anniversary is
being celebrated this year. The
president of the WZO also wel-
comed the principal leaders on
the platform, who included Pres-
ident Itzhak Ben-Zvi; Mrs. Vera
Weizmann, widow of the late first
president of Israel; Justice Yit-
zhak Olshan, president of Israel's
Supreme Court; Sephardic Chief
Rabbi Yitzhak Nissim; Jerusa-
lem's Mayor Mordechai Ish-
Shalom; and Prime Minister Da-
vid Ben-Gurion.
The streets leading to the
Binyanei Ha'ooma—the Build-
ing of the Nation—where the
Congress is being held, were
gaily decorated with flags and
pennants, and the building it-
self was brightly lighted. The
great auditorium, Ussishkin
Hall, was crowded to capacity
as the largest Zionist Congress
in all history—and the third
Zionist Congress in Israel since
the establishment of the State
—was called to order.
Its sessions are conducted
mostly in Hebrew, but the pro-
ceedings are heard by the dele-
gates in simultaneous translations
in five languages—Hebrew, Yid-
Hebrew Corner
Theodor Herzl
Benjamin Zeev Herzl was born in
Budapest and was a bonny and
clever child. He loved to study the
"Humash" (the Pentateuch). Ile
was most attracted to the stories in
the book of Exodus — the stories
about the children of Israel who
were slaves in the land of Egypt
and Moses who brought them out of
the house of bondage.
His family moved to Vienna and
Herzl studied law at the university.
"When I am a judge I shall be able
to help the poor and also defend my
People" he told his friends. He fin-
ished his studies at the university
but did not become a judge; for in
those days a Jew could not be a
judge in Austria.
In 1895 the Jewish world was
shocked: High French army officers
revealed French army secrets to the
Germans and they accused a French
Jewish officer Dreyfus. Dreyfus was
brought to trial. His medals were
stripped from him before a large
public and his sword broken. After-
wards he was sent to Devils Island.
"Death to the traitor Dreyfus!" "All
the Jews are traitors!" "Death to
the Jews!" the French cried. Herzl
was shocked. "As long as we remain
in exile, thought Herzl, the peoples
will hate us. "We must return to
Eretz Israel; for only there can we
live a life of freedom and tran-
quility."
Then Herzl wrote his book: "The
Jewish State" which made a tremen-
dous impression in all countries. He
said: "If you will do• it, it will be no
legend."
Herzl died but his great dream
was fulfilled and the State of Israel
arose in 1948, 50 years after he had
written his book: "The Jewish
State."
In 1949 the Israel government
brought his bones from the cemetery
in Vienna to the State of Israel.
17 1 1=rril
a • , ri t
Continuing Mapai Rift over Lavon
May Bring Ben-Gurion Resignation
(Continued from Page 1)
tion). Earlier reports said For-
eign Minister Golda Meier, dis-
pleased with Ben-Gurion's posi-
tion, also had threatened to
resign but was dissuaded by
Finance Mininister Levi Eshkol.
The Prime Minister indicated
he was determined to reach a
"showdown" with Lavon in the
long-standing quarrel between
the two Mapai leaders stemming
from the 1954 security mishap
which led to Lavon's forced res-
ignation as Israel defense min-
ister in 1955. Lavon was cleared
of responsibility for the order
which led to the mishap by a
seven-man Ministerial Commit-
tee which reported its findings
at the cabinet meeting last Sun-
day. The Ministerial Committee
declared that a s e n i o r army
officer had forged a document
to make Lavon responsible.
The revived interparty quar-
rel may result in Ben-Gurion's
relinquishing party leadership
and retiring to his desert re-
treat at Sde Boker, as he did
several years ago. The Prime
Minister reportedly said he
would not sit under the same
roof with Lavon. He indicated
he would take a four- or five-
week holiday immediately after
the 25th World Zionist Con-
gress and that he might not re-
turn before the Mapai central
bodies take a final stand on the
dispute.
The Prime Minister's annoy-
ance reportedly reached a peak
at the Cabinet meeting Sunday
when Mapai ministers divided
in the Cabinet vote of approval
of the unanimous findings of
dish, English, French and Span-
ish — through a simultaneous-
translatiod system.
Israel has the largest repre-
sentation at the Congress, with
190 delegates. The United States
is second, with 145. Argentina
sent 20 delegates, England, 19;
Canada, 15; France, 14; South
Africa, 12; Brazil, nine; Algeria,
Australia and Mexico, six each;
Belgium, Iran, Uruguay, Italy
and Chile, five each; SWitzerland
and Holland, four each: Sweden
and Austria, three each; West
Germany, Peru, Cuba, Colombia
and Venezuela, two each; and
one each from Ireland, Ecuador,
Denmark, India, Greece, New
Zealand, Finland ana Congo
(Leopoldville).
Universal Declaration of Hu-
man Rights. It would be wrong
and unfair," he maintained,
"to pretend that, factually, only
the Soviet Union fails to recog-
nize the right of Jews to a
distinctively Jewish life. There
are other countries, too, based
on the form of Western demo-
cratic regimes, where the
tendency is to express doubts
about the rights of the Jewish
communities to their own dis-
tinctive existence.
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