THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS—Friday, August 26, 196 0--22

D AWN/

8Y HENRY LEONARD

1 03

"Which shul do you belong to,
Channel 5 or Channel 9?"

Cop,

Witt Pritibis

Baseball as a Monopoly, Jewish
Players Described by Dr. Seymour

The history of baseball, its
emergence as big business and
a monopoly, the manner in
which the sport developed, and
the competitive aspects of the
game are told in a splendid
study, "Baseball — The Early
Years," by Dr. Harold Seymour,
in a 373-page book published by
Oxford University Press (417
5th, N.Y. 16).
In essence, the Seymour vol-
ume is an excoriation of base-
ball as "a commercialized
amusement business." He main-
tains that the "primary reason
for playing is to collect pay
checks," and the author quotes
Theodore Roosevelt who said:
"When money comes in at the
gate, sport flies out of the win-
dow."
Because he is so critical, Dr.
Seymour has rendered a great
service. His book may go a long
way in restoring the sportsman-
thip aspect to what has devel-
oped into big business.
Of the Jewish club owners in
the early years described by
Dr. Seymour, Andrew Freed-
man was the most controversial.
Freedman became involved in
many quarrels, and at one point
Ducky Holmes, one of his for-
mer players, called him "a name
reflecting on his Jewish reli-
gion." The controversy went on
and on, there were conflicts be-
tween clubs, and Freedman is
painted as one of the mean men
in the early competitive busi-
ness enterprises in baseball.
Dr. Seymour refers to Lipman
Pike as one of the early Jewish
players. Referring to the roles
of Negroes in the game, the po-
sition of Jewish players and of
immigrants who took part in
the sport, he states:
Second-generation Irish and
Germans dominated the pro-
fessional ranks. In fact, so
many Irish were in the game
that some thought they had a
special talent for ball playing.
Fans liked to argue the rela-
tive merits of players of Irish
as against those of German
extraction. Since the Irish im-
migrants who swarmed into
the growing urban centers
were largely relegated to un-
skilled jobs like hod-carrying
in the building trades, and
other construction jobs, their
sons who were fortunate
enough to become profession-
al ball players had advanced
considerably on the social and
economic ladder.
"Ball players came from
practically every state in the
union, but a check made in
1896 showed a majority of
them originating in the heav-
ily populated Northeast, with
Pennsylyania,, Massachusetts,

Ohio, and New York leading.
Jewish players were accept-
-able, and Lipman Pike, who
had a big-league career of
seventeen years, playing and
managing for several clubs,
is generally regarded as the
first of approximately fifty
Jewish players who have
worn major league uniforms."
The careers of Negroes "were
blemished by racial prejudice,"
according to Dr. Seymour. "The
old amateur association banned
colored players, but in the 80's
a few managed to get a 'cup of
coffee in the big league,' as the
expression goes for those who
spent only a brief time in the
majors."
Dr. Seymour wrote his Mas-
ter's and Ph.D. theses on base-
ball. He is now associate pro-
fessor of history at Finch Uni-
versity.

Italy, Israel Trade
Expansion Planned

TURAN, (JTA)—The execu-
tive committee of the Italo-
Israeli chamber of Commerce
said it was planning several
more regional meetings to bring
together Italian and Israeli busi-
nessmen to stimulate more com-
mercial exchanges.
The first meeting was held
with the participation of more
than 30 leading Italian indus-
trialists in textiles, fashions,
food, paper mills, chemicals,
steel, automobiles and publish-
ing. Gad Elron, the Israeli com-
mercial attache in Rome, sup-
plied the Italian businessmen
with information useful for
Italian investments in Israeli
industry.
Trade between Israel and
Italy has been expanding
steadily during the past two
years, the Italo-Israeli Cham-
ber of Commerce reported.
Italian imports from Israel have
jumped nearly 100 percent,
from 2,259,000,000 lire (about
$3,765,000) in 1958 to 4,427,-
000,000 (about $7,400,000) in
1959. Italian exports to Israel
in the same period went . up
around 70 percent, from 4,835,-
000,000 lire (about $8,000,000)
to 8,081,000,000 lire (about
$13,500,000).
The bulk of Italian imports
from Israel are corn, eggs, fer-
tilizers, chemical and industrial
products. Israeli imports from
Italy are mainly textiles, ma-
chinery, autamobiles and other
motor vehicles. The Chamber
reported that economic experts
believe that further gains in
commercial exchanges are possi-
ble.

Weizmann Institute Mathematicians.
Solve Problems That Baffled Mankind

Mathematicians at the Weiz- tidal problem of the ocean overtones, as when a tumbler
is struck by a spoon. Such a
mann Institute of Science in solved."
Professor Pekeris points out glass has a natural tone of 1,000
Rehovot, Israel, have resolved
that a solution was only pos- cycles per second. The larger
two problems that have baffled sible because. of the develop- the body, the lower the pitch—
mankind for generations. The ment in the last decade of with a body as large as the
first is the theoretical deter- electronic computer s, since earth, the pitch is so low that
mination of ocean tides, the classical methods could not re- it is inaudible.
second is the calculation of the solve Laplace's equation.
In 1912 Prof. Love of Cam-
resonance f r e q•u e n c y of the Prior to the work Prof. Pe- bridge suggested as a hypo-
earth.
keris and his assistant M. Di- thesis without proof ' that the
The first attempts to find a shon were forced to make as- pitch of the earth was approxi-
mathematical formula for the sumptions about the motions of mately one hour—it is inter-
tides were made in 1775, a year the tides which did not tally esting to note that for his
before the American War of In- with the results of subsequent theory he treated the earth as
dependence, by . the French observation. Nobody had pre- if it were a solid steel ball.
mathematician, - the Marquis dicted correctly the height of Forty years later Professor
Pierre Simon de Laplace. Fifty the tide at any port in the Benioff of Caltech, California
years ago another French world by the use of basic Institute of Technology at
mathematician, Prof. Jules theory alone. The theoretical Pasadena, while measuring the
Henri Poincare, added some in- solution determined by the Is- 1952 Kamchatka earthquake
valuable ideas about the sub- raeli mathematicians has been on a seismograph, found an
ject. But the problem- was so found to accord well with actual oscillation of 57 minutes; this
abstruse that nobody succeeded measurements.
reminded him of Love's hypo-
The second major discovery thesis. He invited Pekeris of
in producing a comprehensive
solution until July, 1960, when was made by Prof. Pekeris, Dr. the Weizmann Institute and
Prof. Chaim Leib Pekeris, head Ziporah Alterman and Hand Stoneley of Cambridge to try
of the department of applied Jarosch, of calculating theoreti- to determine the pitch of the
mathematics in the Weizmann cally the resonance frequency earth mathematically—with the
Institute, reported the success of the earth. This has received vast amount of knowledge ac-
of his group in a study of the most dramatic confirmation cumulated since Love's day and
tides at an International Con- from observations made during the use of instruments like
ference on Geodosy and Geo- the Chilean earthquake in May computers, he suggested, it
physics held in Helsinki, Fin- 1960, and is likely to prove of should be possible to work out
land. The announcement was inestimable importance in test- a theory of the earth's reso-
considered so important that ing nuclear explosions and nance frequency.
Prof Proudman of the Tidal seismic disturbances.
Pekeris and his associates
Resonance frequency occurs found that the first frequency
Observatory in Liverpool was
moved to exclaim: "I never when a body is "excited" and of the earth was 53.4 minutes
thought I would live to see the it emits a natural tone and and the first overtone 35.6 min-
utes. During the Chilean earth-
quake the theories of the Weiz-
man• Institute group were
checked against measurements
made by Press and Benioff at•
Caltech and by Slichter's group
NEW YORK, (JTA) = New probably would be Oct. 10 and at the Institute of Geophysics,
cer-
11,
.
but
that
this
was
not
York City voters will have two
University of California at. Los
additional days to register for tain.
Governor Rockefeller's deci- Angeles. All the seismic records .
the forthcoming elections in
tallied with the Weizmann In-
order to accommodate observ- sion to reject the request for stitu•e's theories apart from the
ant Jews who cannot register on the special session of the Legis- most minute differences.
the dates fixed by the State lature was contained in a tele-
Prof. Subrahmanyan Chandra-
Legislature because of religious gram to the Mayor which de-
clared that "any sudden and sekhar, the eminent astrophysi-
holidays and the Sabbath.
cist, now at the University of
The announcement came from belated shifting of these long- Chicago, said: "The work of the
established
dates
would
serve
Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Rho
Pekeris group is a major
reaffirmed his intention of pro- only to create confusion in the achievement of science, the
viding additional registration minds of the public and a pos- resolution of great human dif-
time after Governor Nelson A. sible consequent failure of some ficulties."
Rockefeller turned down the citizens to qualify to vote."
Mayor's request to call a special
session of the Legislature to
change the registration dates.
The dates set by the Legisla-
ture were the evenings of Oct.
12 and 13, which coincide with
Shmini Atzeret and Simhat To-
rah, Friday evening, Oct. 14
and all day Saturday, Oct. 15.
The Mayor sought the change
in dates by the State Legisla-
ture, which would have avoided
the $400,000 cost of the two
additional days. The City Board
of Elections has the authority
too oilierruND
to increase the number of local
registration days, but any added
4 1/4. Guaranteed by
days must precede the last day
Good Housekeeping
fixed by the Legislature.
1,01, IF DtFECTIVE OR is*
Referring to the additional
cost for renting registration
AS ADVERTISED I04
rooms and paying election in-
spectors, Mayor Wagner said it
was "worth it to give the peo-
Now, GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
ple the opportunity to register."
has added its seal of approval
He said the additional dates

N.Y. Mayor Will Acid Registration
Time for Jewish Religious Voters

GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING
GUARANTEES

performance of
the Green
Stamp Plan

Rome Jews Open Office
to Aid Olympic Guests

ROME, (JTA) — The Jewish
community here opened a spe-
cial information office near the
main synagogue today, to assist
fellow Jews coming to Rome
for the Olympic games. Other
arrangements were being made
for the holding of religious
services.
Sergio Piperno, president of
the Union of Italian Jewish
Communities, received a letter
from Monsignor Pavoni, presi-
dent of the committee for Re-
ligious Assistance to Olympic
Games, requesting the programs
and schedules of religious serv-
ices to be held in Rome. These
schedules will be announced
and broadcast over special
loudspeakers in the Olympic
Village where the Israeli ath-
letes will be lodged.

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