Dr. Kohn's Book Exposes Germany 12,082,000 Jews
As Fatherland of Anti-Semitism
Live in 119 Lands,
Dr. Hans Kohn, professor of been in store for Heine had
history at the College of the he lived to witness the trag- Says WJC Study

City of New York, who is rec-
ognized as one of the world's
leading authorities on national-
ism, offers valuable explana-
tions of "the education of a
nation" in "The Mind of Ger-
many," just published by
Charles . Scribner's Sons (597
5th, N.Y.)
It is an account of a "great
and numerous people" that has
"enriched the intellectual heri-
tage of man-
kind," but "at
the same time
they have de-
veloped atti-
tudes which
separate them
from the main
trends char-
acteristic of
western civili-
zation." Dr.
Kohn there-
fore shows '.he
national sui-
Dr. Kohn
tide tenden-
cies of modern Germany and
his book explains "how the
alienation of Germany from the
West came a b o u t." In the
course of his analyses, he ex-
poses the numerous anti-
Semitic issues that were created
by Germans.
Anti-Semitism was one of
the aspects of the German
"war against the West." Ex-
plaining the hostility to the
West, Dr. Kohn notes the
strong anti-Jewish attitude of
Christian Friedrich .R u h s,
who became the official his-
torian of the Prussian state
in 1810.
Dr. Kohn writes: "The eman-
cipation and assimilation of the
Jews into German life was re-
jected as a typical manifesta-
tion of the western spirit of
liberalism; this was incompat-
ible with German nationalism,
for the Jews, Ruhs maintained,
were a nation of their own.
Therefore Jews could not be at
home in Germany. They should
form only a tolerated alien
group, excluded from public
off ices and the army, from
guilds and corporations. To
make it easier for the Germans
to recognize immediately the
`Hebrew enemy,' Ruhs proposed
that the Jews should wear a
yellow patch on their dress."
Thus, the Hitler type of anti-
Semitism had its roots in Ger-
many more than a century be-
fore the rise of Hitlerism.
Another German, the philos-
opher Jakob Friedrich Fries,
published an anti-Jewish book
in 1816, further explaining that
from the early 19th century
Germany became "the father-
land of modern anti-Semitism,
where its theories were evolved
and its slogans coined."
An especially interesting
c hap t e r, "Heinrich Heine:
Poet and Patriot," refers to
Heine's comment on his
"triple sorrow, the three-fold
heavy burden—crippling dis-
ease, oppressive poverty, and
Jewishness." He points out
that Heine had warned the
Jews to realize that they
would achieve their emanci-
pation only when the emanci-
pation of all Germans should
be fully won and secure. What
a disappointment would have

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edies that were later in store
for German Jewry!
The attitudes of Bismarck,
who was accused of friendship
for Jewry, also are reviewed at
considerable length. Discussing
the German trends "the de-
Christianization and dewestern-
ization of Germany that Heine
had dreaded"—Dr. Kohn tells
of the anti-western movemen t s
in the 1860's. He quotes Prof.
Paul Joachimsen, who wrote in
1922: "Bismarck's whole intel-
lectual development was a lib-
eration from the Christian con-
cept of the state."
The conflict between two of
German y' s scholars, in the
1860's is described by Prof.
Kohn as follows:
•
"Treitschke and Mommsen
had fought shoulder to
shoulder for common ideals.
Twenty years later Treitschke
appeared to Mommsen as 'the
true representative of that
moral brutalization which
threatens our civilization, and
as its mightiest literary
spokesman.' The two histor-
ians disagreed m or e and
more on all issues of domes-
tic and foreign policy. Mom-
msen, no friend of Judaism,
openly opposed Treitschke's
anti-Seniitism .. ."
Then there is the revealing
chapter on Wagner and his
violent anti-Semitic attitude,
his articles attacking the Jews,
his "anti-Jewish racialism
(which) antedated the work of
Count Arthur de Gobineau"
which began to appear in 1853
and whom Wagner met in 1876.
Another of the anti-Semites
listed is the Englishman Hous-
ton Stewart Chamberlain, who
settled in Bayreuth, married
W a g n e r' s daughter Eva and
whose anti-Semitic book, pub-
lished in .1899, "stimulated the
rising nationalistic megalo-
mania in Germany before 1914,
and influenced Hitler and his
admirer Arthur Rosenberg.
According to Dr. Kohn, Hitler
and Wagner differed in one
respect—in the latter's willing-
ness to accept Jewish admirers,
and several such Jewish fol-
lowers of Wagner are listed in
Dr. • K o h n' s account of Wag-
nerian anti-Semitism.
One of the most famous
Germans who opposed Wag-
ner's -views was Nietzsche
who "was most outspoken in
his rejection of anti-Semitism
and German nationalism."
Dr. Kohn states that the con-
temporary use of the swastika
originated with Alfred Schuler
"who promoted it, to quote
Ludwig Curtius, 'to its fateful
role in recent German history.
His hatred of Jewish Christian-
ity belonged to the sources
which fed German anti-
Semitism.' "
Concluding on a hopeful note,
Prof. Kohn writes: "If, in the
present time, the German Fed-
eral Republic is allowed to _fol-
low her democratic course, if
the spirit of mutual tolerance
grows and if passionate concen-
tration on unity, frontiers and
the efficient power-state does
not again overwhelm the con-
cern for building a stronger and
better free society, then there
is every reason to believe that
out of catastrophe a new
Germany will arise."—P.S.

Israel Institutes Water
Rationing Through Negev
JERUSALEM, (JTA)—Water
rationing will be instituted
throughout the Negev and most
of the coastal plain—more than
half of Israel's total area—dur
ing the summer, the Israel Wa-
ter Council decided.
Rationing will affect irriga-
tion and possibly also industry.
Limitations of urban water use
will be based on a plan for max-
imum publicity without forced
restrictions. The goal is a 20
per cent reduction.

There are about 12,082,000
Jews in the world, living in
119 lands and territories, ac-
cording to a new survey pre-
pared by the World Jewish
Congress' Institute of Jewish
Affairs, in New York.
The survey actually covers
122 lands, but three—Jordan,
Saudi Arabia and Mauritius—
contain no Jews.
In a preface to the 70-page
"Survey of the Jewish Com-
munities of the World," Dr.
Nehemiah Robinson of New
York, director of the institute,
states that the study is based
on recent information when-
ever possible "received from
or checked by" the local rep-
resentative Jewish • body. Dr.
Robinson points out, however,
that "most of the figures are
estimates because in only a
few cases do official census
data exist."
. The survey lists 6,176,000
in the Americas, (5,200,000 of
them in the United States);
3,273,500 in Europe, of whom
"there are about 2,000,000 per-
sons registered as Jews in the
Soviet Union within its pres-
ent boundaries"; 2,006,400 in
Asia, including 1,822,361 in
Israel; 563,900 in all Africa;
and 64,500 in Australia.
Apart from Jordan, Saudi
Arabia and Mauritius, where
there are no Jews, the small-
est Jewish population in the
world is in Basutoland where,
the survey states, "there are
only two. Jews, both high of-
ficials."
There are no Jews in the
Kingdom of Jordan, "nor are
any admitted," Dr. Robinson's
study records.

New York Flag to Fly in Israel

GoV. Nelson A. Rockefeller presents a New York State
flag to national leaders of Hadassah. Destined for Israel, the
flag will be included in an "Avenue of American Flags" at
ceremonies for the dedication of the $25 million Hadassah-
Hebrew University Medical Center at Kiryat Hadassah (Hadas-
sah Town), on the western outskirts of Jerusalem, on Aug. 3.
The flag will be taken to Israel by the Hadassah Pilgrimage
to Israel. Receiving the flag from Gov. Rockefeller is Mrs.
Herman Shulman, former national president of Hadassah,
who will head the Hadassah Pilgrimage, slated to leave New
York on July 12. Looking on is Dr. Miriam K. Freund, na-
tional president of Hadassah, and other leaders of the women's
Zionist organization.

Macmillan Publishes
Arthur Koestler's
`Dialogue with Death'

A paperback of special merit
and interest—"Dialogue With
Death" by Arthur Koestler-
will be issued next month by
Macmillan Co.
(60 5th, N. Y.
11).
It is an ac-
count of the
•so Spanish Civil
War, and, a s
t h e eminent
author states
in his fore-
word, "none.of
the characters
Koestler
in this book is
fiction; most of them are dead
by now."
Having participated in the
war. against Franco, Koestler
writes from actual experience.
"Dialogue with Death" is a day-
to-day account of heroism . and
sacrifice. It is a significant
record of the Spanish Civil
War that claimed so many
victims and sacrifices in the
battle against totalitarianism.

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if you like, set the timer and walk away.
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General Zionist Party
Needs Youth Injection

TEL AVIV, (JTA) — A
shrunken General Zionist Party
examined at its national con-
vention this week the causes for
the shattering defeat in the last
general elections which put the
party for the first time near the
bottom numerically among fac-
tions in the Knesset, Israel's
Parliament.
One goal of the convention
was to find ways of infusing
new and possibly younger blood
into a party whose members
have a high average age, one
of the highest among Israel's
political parties.
Peretz Bernstein, president of
the party, said the lack of po-
litical awareness among General
Zionist adherents was one of
the reasons for the party's col-
lapse at the last national elec-
•1
tion.

So much more for so much less—
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