THE DE TROIT JEW IS H NE WS—Fri day, Decem ber 5, 1958-6

On Sick List

Alaska Elects Third Jewish Senator
Ernest Gruening - Honored by New State

41*

By MILTON FRIEDMAN

(Copyright, 1958, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.)

U. S. Supreme Court Jus-
tice Felix Frankfurter (top);
76, has suffered a "mild heart
disturbance" and has been
hospitalized in Washington for
rest and observation. Elder
statesman Bernard M. Baruch
(bottom), 88, was reported up
and around at his plantation
home in Kingstree, S. C., ap-
parently recovered from mi-
nor illness. Last month, Ba-
ruch received the annual
Bnai Brith award.

Jordan Gets Ten Jets

TEL AVIV, (JTA) — Ten
British-manufactured jet fight-
er planes haVe reached Jordan
via Egyptian air space, it was
reported here from London.
The planes were a gift of the
United States Government.

WASHINGTON—For the first
time in American history, three
Senators of Jewish faith will
serve simultaneously in the
United States Senate.
The new Senator is 71-year-
old Ernest Gruening, who will
represent the new state of
Alaska.
Senator-elect Gruening will
join Senators Javits, New York
Republican, a n d Neuberger,
Oregon Democrat.
Eleven other Congressmen of
Jewish faith will be sworn in
as members of the House of
Representatives in January. The
total number of Jews in Con-
gress thus becomes 14, the great-
est number ever to serve at the
same time.
Gruening, a Democrat, won
his Senate seat in the special
election last week over Mike
Stepovich, who was appointed
by President Eisenhower to
the post of territorial Gover-
nor.
A leading advocate of Alas-
k a n statehood, Gruening
served as territorial Governor
of Alaska for an unprece-
dented 14 and one-half years.
He was appointed by Presi-
dent Roosevelt and re-ap-
pointed by President Truman.
The Eisenhower Administra-
tion terminated his governor-
ship.
In 1956, Gruening was elect-
ed Provisional Senator and sub-
sequently spent much time in
Washington pressing the state-
hood issue.
Gruening is a son of a Ger-
man-Jewish immigrant physician
who served as a Union Army
surgeon in the Civil War. His
father was Dr. Emil Gruening
who headed both the American
Ophthalmic Society and the
American Otological Society.
His mother was Phebe Friden-
berg Gruening of New York
City.
A native New Yorker, Gruen-
ing was graduated as a medical
doctor from Harvard, in corn-

pliance with his father's wishes,
but he never practiced medi-
cine.
He became a newspaper-
man and edited the New York
Herald-Tribune, the Boston
Traveler, and other newspa-
pers. Devoted to liberalism,
he served as managing editor
of the Nation magazine. In
1924, he was publicity direc-
tor of the La Follette Presi-
dential campaign.
While editing the Nation,
Gruening pioneered the "good
neighbor" policy for Latin
America. He urged evacuation
of U.S. marines from Nicara-
gua, Haiti and Santo Domingo
in the early 1920s.
President Roosevelt sent
Gruening to Montevideo, Uru-
guay, in 1933 to act as general
adviser to the Pan-American
Conference. There the "good
neighbor" policy was officially
proclaimed. Gruening did much
to pioneer this policy.
In 1934, the Division of Ter-
ritories and Island Possessions
in the U.S. Department of In-
terior was created by Presi-
dent Roosevelt. He appointed
Gruening to be the division's
director, and it took him on
numerous inspection trips to
Alaska. He was appointed terri-
torial governor and served until
1953 when President Eisen-
hower sent a Republican to re-
place him.
The Fairbanks, Alaska,

U.S. Hillel Aide Named
to S. Africa Student Post

JOHANNESBURG, (JTA) —
Leo Schwartz, American Jew-
ish writer and lecturer, has
been named by the Board of
South African Jewish Deputies
as its adviser to Jewish univer-
sity students in the Union.
Schwartz, a Bnai Brith Hillel
foundation aide, has accepted
the appointment for an 18-
month period beginning with
Jan. 1.

News-Miner reported that
"Governor Gruening brought
to his office an energy not
previously displayed in the
A la
Govet norship. Under
his direction "Alaska put her
internal affairs in such order
that a fair claim to the abil-
ity to govern herself could be
made to the Congress."
The territorial government
was given a sound fiscal base for
the first time in 1949, when a
basic tax program was finally
adopted by the Legislature af-
ter nearly a decade of struggle
against important interests,
largely non-resident, which re-
sisted an income tax, property
tax and business license tax,
the three cornerstones of what
was known as the "Gruening
Program."
Under Gruening's guidance,
statehood legislation was first
introduced in Congress, a refer-
endum held in 1946 showing
support of statehood by the peo:-
ple of Alaska was conducted,
an Alaska statehood movement
created, and other prepara-
tions made for the assault on
Congress to obtain status as the
49th state. Success finally came
in the last Congressional ses-
sion.
Gruening made the keynote
address at the 1956 Alaskan
Constitutional Convention, held
to promote statehood. Accord-
ing to the Fairbanks News-
Miner, he "outlined the long
history of treatment of Alaska
by the United States as if it
were a colony." The newspaper
reported that "Gruening proved
to be one of the most persistent
and eloquent proponents of
statehood.
He never practiced medicine
in fulfillment of his medical
degree, but he certainly min-
istered to the birth pangs of
the newest state. His name is
written indelibly in Alaskan his-
tory. The people of Alaska have
now provided a fitting climax
to an outstanding career by se-
lecting Gruening to be one of
their first two Senators.

Mrs. FDR Opposes UN
Human Rights Treaties;
Supports Declaration

UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.,
(JTA) — Mrs. Eleanor Roose-
velt, one of the chief archi-
tects of the Declaration of
Human Right, exploded a
bombshell among advocates of
United Nations adoption of
human rights covenants by
calling outright for the "scrap-
ping" of the proposed inter-
national treaties which are
currently being debated in the
General. Assembly's Committee
on Social, Humanitarian and
Cultural Affairs.
As chairman of the UN Hu-
man Rights Commission, Mrs.
Roosevelt was one of the prime
movers in drafting and submit-
ting the proposed human rights
covenants to the General As-
sembly eight years ago. Her
statement proposing that the
covenant move be abandoned
was made in a recorded inter-
view being distributed among
schools.
Mrs. Roosevelt declared that
she believes it would take too
long a time for the world to
find universally acceptable for-
mulations needed for the
adoption of the human rights
covenants. Instead, she said,
"I would scrap the covenants
and keep the Declaration for
its moral impact."

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