Zeitlin Disputes
HE JEWISH NEWS
Antiquity of
Dead Sea Scrolls
at Orientalists'
A Weekly Review
Congress
of Jewish Events
Basic Errors in
Jewish Items in
Evans' Dictionary
of Contemporary
American Usage'
in Munich
Story on Page 32
Michigan's Only English-Jewish Newspaper—Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle
VOLUME XXXI — No. 26
27
17100 W. 7 Mile Rd. — VE 8-9364— Detroit 35, August 30, 1957
Commentary, Pg. 2
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North Carolina Rabbis Hail
School Systems Integration;
Rabbi Gets Apology for Bias
Druze Demand Reprisals by
Israel for Jordan's Murders
TEL AVIV (JTA)—Druze notables, grimly preparing fu-
neral rites for two Druze watchmen slain Friday near Beit
Jubrin, north of Beersheba, said they planned to ask Prime
Minister David Ben-Gurion to order a reprisal raid against
Jordan to prove again that "Druze blood is not cheap."
Israeli officials, reporting on results of an initial investiga-
tion of the latest killings, said that the Jordanian infiltrators
came purely on a mission to kill, a deduction the investigators
based on the fact that the killers took only the rifles of their
victims leaving untouched several hundred Israeli pounds.
Druze Represents Mizrachi in Knesset
Hapoel Hamizrachi, the Jewish religious workers party,
will be represented in the new local council of the 100-percent
Druze village, Daliat El Carmel, near Haifa.
The representation will be via a member of one of the
important Druze families, who was elected on a Hapoel Hamiz-
rachi' ticket with the help of 50 Druze villagers who work in
the nearby Hapoel settlement, Nir Ezion.
Agree to End Raising of Pigs
JERUSALEM (JTA)—Representatives of all cooperative
and collective settlements have signed an agreement with the
Israel Chief Rabbinate to end the raising of pork on their farms
before the coming High Holy Days.
The agreement will affect some 40 settlements which own
an estimated total of 15,000 pigs.
Among the organizations which signed the agreement are
Hashomer Hatzair Kibbutz Artzi, Mapai-led Ihud Kibbutzim
Kvutzot, the smallholders' Tnuat Hamoshavim, Achdut Avodah-
affiliated Kibbutz Meuhad and Hapoel Hamizrachi settlements.
WILDACRES, N.C. (JTA)—A resolution approving "whole-heartedly and unstintingly"
the actions of the school boards of three North Carolina cities which had decided to comply with
the United States Supreme Court's desegregation decision was adopted unanimously by the
North Carolina Association of Rabbis, at their week's retreat here.
The desegregation resolution commended the school boards of Charlotte. Greensboro and
Winston-Salem, and expressed the hope that sim liar action would be taken soon by school dis-
tricts throughout this state.
Another resolution by the rabbis expressed opposition to a bill now before Congress on the
the slaughtering of animals in accordance with Jewish
grounds that it would interfere with
religious precepts.
Florida Governor Apologizes to Rabbi for Motel Discrimination
MIAMI (JTA)—Gov. LeRby Collins. of Florida, has personally apologized to Rabbi Yaakov
Rosenberg, spiritual leader of Beth David Synagogue here, for the indignity of being barred
from two motels at Pompano Beach because he is a Jew.
Writing to the rabbi on official State of Florida stationery, Gov. Collins offered his "per-
sonal apologies for any indignity you or your family may have received."
Rabbi Rosenberg went to Pompano Beach last month. with his family, to help the Jewish
community there, numbering 45 families, to establish a synagogue. The rabbi tried to obtain ac-
commodations at one motel where he was rejected by the owner who assured him that he had
"nothing against Jews" and who asserted that "some of my best friends are Jews." However, the
motel owner asserted that he barred Jews because it was the policy in the area.
The rabbi then registered at another motel, the Briney Breakers. Allier a room had been
assigned to the Rosenbergs, they were visited by a woman who sought to assure herself that
"they were not Jews." This woman suggested to Rabbi Rosenberg that he re-register under an
assumed name, and tell no one that the family had been given accommodations at the Briney
Breakers. Rabbi Rosenberg declined this offer and moved his family out of the motel.
that Florida law explicitly for-
In his letter to Rabbi Rosenberg, Gov. Collins pointed out .
bids hotel or motel owners from advertising religious discrimination—but the Governor empha-
sized that the statute also grants "the right" of hostelry operators "to refuse accommodations to
any person they consider objectionable."
"While I am sure," the Governor wrote Rabbi Rosenberg, "that there is no disagreement
as to the desirability of such a law as a means for protecting the comfort and safety of the pa-
trons of such an establishment, unfortunately it also provides the means by which the manage-
ment may practice religious discrimination."
"Such abuses," continued the Governor, "are among the prices we pay for free society. The
only real solution lies in the education of our people in the true meaning of Americanism."
Regretfully, the Governor noted, "as long as some people harbor hatred in their hearts for other
members of the human family, they will always find ways in which to express this." His "per-
sonal apologies," Gov. Collins informed Rabbi Rosenberg, "are, I know, inadequate consolation."
Zionist Congresses: 60 Years of Historic Efforts
By JOSEPH FRAENKEL
Theodor Herzl convened the First Zionist Con-
gress 1827 years after the expulsion of the Jews
from Palestine, and on Aug. 29, 1897, Zionist repre-
sentatives met for the first time in Basle to confer
in public on the solution of the Jewish problem and
on the return of the Jews to the land of their fore-
bears.
When Herzl made his opening speech and an-
nounced that the foundation stone of a new home
had been laid, which was to house the Jewish nation
in the future, on that day the delegates knew that
Aug. 29 would be a great day in Israel's history and
that the Zionist Congress would live forever, not
only "till the liberation from old misery," but for
evermore.
Herzl called all those who were taking
part in the First Congress "Jewish aristo-
crats." They would form an aristocracy like
the persecuted Protestants from England,
_ merica and formed an aristoc-
who went to A
racy there.
The First. Congress revolutionized Jewish life.
Elections were held on democratic principles. Every
Zionist, man or woman, who was a shekel holder,
had the right to vote and to be elected to the Con-
gress. For the first time in Jewish history, constitu-
tionally elected delegates 'from the whole , world
could gather and present their hopes and Wishes,
protests and demands, to a National Assembly, where
they could describe the Jewish needs, make their
criticisms and formulate their decisions.
The Congress is the supreme legislative body of
the Zionist Organization, It elects the leaders, de-
mands reports on past activities, lays down the
policy, the program of future work, and sets up new
institutions and instruments. The decisions of the
Congress affect all Zionists in Israel and in the
Diaspora.
Dr. Isidor Schalit was the first to use the
"Congress hammer". It is customary at all
Congresses that one of the leading members
of the Congress Bureau should knock three
times with the hammer immediately before
the official opening.
The sessions of Congress are always public, and
it directs its voice not only to the Jewish but,.
to the non-Jewish world. At every Congress, repre-
sentatives of governments and observers from inter-
national organizations are present, for the solution
of the Jewish question through political Zionism is
a Jewish affair, but it is at the same time an inter-
national matter.
The first Congresses were convened once a year,
later taking place once in every two years and finally
once in three years. The postponement of a Congress
was due to the outbreak of war or to the difficult
situation in Israel.
The first Congress lasted three days (six
sessions) and the 24th Congress took 14 days
(19 sessions). A Zionist society which had
100 members could choose a delegate
"through ballots or the raising of hands - .
The number of voters increased by the Sixth
Congress (1903) from 100 to 200. There 'must
be today at least 5,000 shekel holders to elect
one delegate.
Equality for women delegates even at the First
Congress was secured by Miss Marie Reinus. She had
a membership card and took part — in spite of
protests — in the voting. The granting of equal rights
to women has done much to add strength to the
Zionist Organization.
Twenty-four Congresses have passed. Ten were
held in Basle, others in London, The Hague, Ham-
burg, Vienna, Carlsbad, Zurich, Prague, Lucerne, and
Geneva, and the last two Congresses took place in
Jerusalem, the capital of the Jewish State.
In 1897, Palestine had 650,000 inhabitants:
50,000 of them were Jews, and they owned
268,278 dunams of land. In those days a
dunam cost a few shillings. Palestine was
represented at the First Congress by three
delegates. From Congress to Congress the
Zionist Organization grew, both in member-
ship and in strength and at the same time
the Jewish people gradually expanded the
colonization of- the neglected and impover-
ished Palestine. The Hebrew language. al-
most forgotten and dead. came to life again.
The Central Office of the Zionist Organization
was at first in Vienna (under the presidency of Theo-
dor Herzl), then in Cologne (David Wolffsohn, presi-
dent) and Berlin (Otto Warburg, president). During
the first World War the Central Office was in
Copenhagen and after the Balfour Declaration head-
quarters were in London (Chaim Weizmann and
Nahum Sokolow, presidents), when part of the Ex-
ecutive was in Palestine and later also in America.
In the course of time the departments of the Execu-
tive of the ZO and Jewish Agency were transferred
to Jerusalem, which became the seat of the Execu-
tive, some of whose members are active in America.
The last Congress (April 24 to May 7, 1956) elected
Dr. Nahum Goldmann as president of the ZO and
chairman of the Executive.
The first Congresses consisted of "Landsman-
shaften," and later of parties which today repre-
ent about 2,000,000 shekel holders. To this figure
must be added hundreds of thousands of young
people (who have no right to vote in Congress elec-
tions), so that it can be assumed that in about half
of the Jewish families of the world there is at least
one organized Zionist.
The Zionist Organization today, under the lead-
ership of Dr. Goldmann, has the same importance as
it had in the days of Herzl, Wolffsohn, Warburg,
Sokolow and Weizmann. Then, the task was to fulfil
the "Basle Program,'' today it is the "Jerusalem
Program."
(See Editorial, Page 44