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VOLUME XXXI — No. 10

c

27

17100 W. 7 Mile_ Rd. — VE 8-9364 — Detroit 35 - , May 10, 1957

Commentary,
Page 2

$5.00 Per Year; Single Copy 1 5c

American Le ion Backs Israel,
Blasts Nasser as Pro-Soviet

State Department Now Favors
Admission of Egyptian Jews;
Seek Lifting of Arabian Ban

INDIANAPOLIS, Ind., (JTA)—The American Legion, the nation's largest vet-
eran's organization, made public a resolution adopted by its national executive com-
mittee accusing Egyptian President Nasser of serving world Communism and calling
upon the U.S. Government to support Israel's rights in the Suez Canal and Gulf
of Aqaba as vital to basic American interests.

WASHINGTON, (JTA)—The State Department has
agreed to support legislation by Senators Irving M. Ives
and Jacob K. Javits, both of New York, and Clifford
P. Case of New Jersey designed to admit up to 5,000
Egyptian Jewish refugees to the United States.
They announced receipt of a letter from Assistant
Secretary of State Robert C. Hill calling their sugges-
tion for legislation "indeed a worthy one" and stating
that the State Department "supports such a recommen-
dation." The Senators, all Republicans, will introduce
a measure to expand the Hungarian refugee program to
admit 68,000 refugees from Communist-dominated lands
annually and 5,000 refugees from non-Communist areas.
This would give President Eisenhower the power to ad-
mit the Egyptian Jews.
The State Department informed 15 New York
Democratic Congressmen that the United States would
_continue efforts to lift its ban against U. S. air force
personnel of Jewish faith at the Dhahran airbase.
Robert C. Hill, Assistant Secretary of State, said in
a letter on behalf of Secretary Dulles that the text of
the U.S. agreement with Saudi Arabia was not an issue.
Rather, he said, "the problem of the admission of persons
of the Jewish faith into Saudi Arabia is one related
to the visa regulations of that country.
Hill said,. however, that American concern has been
set forth to Saudi Arabia and that this government ddes
not condone religious discrimination by foreign govern-
ments against American citizens. The Hill letter came
in reply to a communication by the 15 New Yorkers to
Presidett Eisenhower.

The Legion said the United States should "face the Arab-Israeli conflict, directly
and boldly, the root of which is that som e countries in the area have refused to re-
concile themselves to the existence of the Israeli democracy." It charged that So-
viet success in the Middle East "is gener ally the doing of one man—the Egyptian
dictator, Nasser—who has played the Soviet game and has become an open accom-
plice of world Communism."

The Legion found it "disturbing" to observe "our Own government treating this
-dictator as if he were a respected member of the world community, appeasing him
as he violates international law and decency, particularly his outrageous disregard"
of the right of Israel and all nations to us e the Suez international waterway. It em-
phasized that it was at a loss to understand why the same pressure brought against
Israel, Britain, and France "has not been applied to the dictator who has violated
every law of human decency and peace."
As lona as the Suez Canal remains under "Soviet-Egyptian domination," the
b this country must explore alternative oil routes from the Red Sea to
Legion said,
Western Europe as imperative for Western defense. It was recommended that "we
should push plans under private sponsorship for a pipeline from the Gulf of Aqaba
to the Mediterranean, for with such an alternative route we will no longer be sub-
ject to Nasser's domination."

The Legion called for a solution of the Arab refugee problem, describing the re-
fugees as "political pawns to Nasser's game." It recommended that a "first step
shduld be to put the Gaza Strip under UN rule so that this area no longer be used as
a base for aggression."

Hammarskiold Bunche Arrive for Visit in Israel

(Direct JTA Teletype Wire to . The Jewish News)

UNITED NATIONS—Secretary General Hammarskjold, accompanied by his chief

Middle East expert, Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, undersecretary, arrived in Israel Thursday _
for a series of conferences with Premier David Ben-Gurion and Foreign Minister
Golda Meir.

Is World Court a Threat to Israel?

UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. — There has been a
good deal of loose talk in recent months about the
International Court of Justice, at The Hague, as a
last resort for settlement - of some of Israel's major
grievances. Much of this talk has been initiated by
the Arab states — with full knowledge that there is
little substance to such a method for "settlement"
of Israeli complaints. Unfortunately, some Ameri-
cans — some • in high quarters — also have alluded
vaguely to the Court as if in those judicial cham-
bers, at last, Israel could look for the ultimate in
justice. A detailed look at the Court, its composi-
tion, and its role might help clarify some thinking
along these lines.

The International Court of Justice . is one of the
six "principal organs" of the United Nations. Theor-
etically, it ranks alongside the Security Council, the
General Assembly, the Secretariat and the Councils
for Economic and Social Affairs and for Trustee-
ship. On the surface it appears also as if a ruling
by the Court would be the last word. One clause in
the Court's statutes declares: "The judgment is final
. and without appeal." But no Court judgment is
really final unless the disputants choose to accept it
as the last word. What happens if one party refuses
to abide by the Court's decision? There is . a remedy.
The other party can then have recourse to the
Security Council. The latter cannot change the
court's verdict; but it does not have to vote punitive
measures against the one who had refused to abide
by the "final" judgment of the Court.

Translate these technicalities into plain language
and they mean this: If Israel and Egypt go to the
Court in regard to the Suez issue; if the Court
rules in favor of Israel and orders Egypt to stop
blockading the Suez Cana_l or the Gulf of Aqaba;
if Egypt then refuses to abide by the Court's de-
cision, continuing the illegal blockade — what hap-
pens? Israel "sues"-Egypt before the Security Coun-
cil. There, Russia has a veto. There the matter
would rest. No punitive action would ever be voted
against Egypt — in spite of the Court's "final" and
unappealable decision. '
Why should Israel go to the Court now on the

BY SAUL CARSON
JTA Correspondent at the UN

very many years. Jules Basdevant, of France, anoth-
er member, served his country and the Paris Foreign
Copyright, 1957, Jewish Telegraphic -Agency, Inc.
Office in many important posts, M. Basdevant was
* * *
suspended from his law professorship during World
War II at the request of the Nazi . occupiers a
decided the Suez issue in Israel's favor, through a_
France; served on the old, pie-war Permanent Court
resolution adopted Sept. 1, 1951?
of International Justice, 0111 which the present Court
What are the circumstances?
is the successor.
The Court's statutes contain one ,article, No. 36,
under which any state could bind itself in advance
These five representatives of 'Western Powers,
to accept the Court's jurisdiction in a number of
plus. China's well-known Dr. Wellington Koo,
make up a certain nucleus of justices who could
important international spheres regarding treaties,
conventions, etc. Israel has filed a statement that it
be expected to look at an issue from the Anglo-
will accept the Court's jurisdiction — provided the
French-American viewpoint.
other party to the dispute -is a government •that
There are two Moslems: Dr. Badawi, of Egypt;
recognizes Israel. Since none of the Arab states rec-
. and Sir Mohammed Zafrulla Khan, of Pakistan,
ognizes Israel, no Arab state' can resort to Court-
well-known here — he had been Foreign Minister
action unless it recognizes Israel first.
of Pakistan and was active in the General Assembly
Then there is -the status of Egypt vis-a-vis the
here for a number of years.
Court. Egypt is talking loudly about wanting the
There are two representatives of the Soviet
Court to decide the Suez and Aqaba issues. But
Bloc. Feodor Ivanovich Kojevnikov, of the USSR;
Egypt- has never filed acceptance of the Court's
and 'Bohdan Winiarski, of Poland. Since Yugoslavia
jurisdiction under that Article 36. The head of the
always acts and votes here with the Soviet-Arab
French delegation recently challenged Egypt on
bloc on any Israel-Arab issues, it might be presumed
that very point. If you want Court action, he said,
that the Yugoslav member of the Court might also
in effect, to Egypt, why don't you sign up under
be counted as possibly anti-Israeli; he is Milovan
Article 36? Of course there was no answer — except
Zoricic. He, too, had been a member of the old pre-
for the customary Egyptian double-talk.
war Permanent Court of International Justice; for
The Court is composed of 15 members; one of
that reason, it might be presumed that his judicial
them an Egyptian, Dr. Hilmy Bahgat Badawi, who
duties might outweigh other interests if Israel and
was at one time chairman of Egypt's delegation here
Egypt ever came before the Court.
— and, for a - time, president of the International
- There are four Latin Americans — and some
Court itself.
of them might be influenced by Western principles.
Of the other 14, the American, president of the
They are Lucio M. Moreno Quintana, of Argentina;
Court at this time, Green H. Hackworth, of Preston-
Jose Gustavo Guerrero, of El Salvador; Roberto Cor-
burg, Ky., a gentleman of 74 who. has been engaged
dova, of Mexico; and E. C. Arman-Ugon, of Uru-
in foreign affairs on behalf of the United States
guay.
since 1923, was editor of the Digest of International
These are the men who would, ultimately, rule
Court and acted as an advisor to the U.S. delegation
on an Israel-Egypt issue that might come before
at the organization conference of the United Nations
the Court But there is ample reason to believe that
in San Francisco in 1945. He has been a member of
no such "trial" will ever take place. Egypt would
the Court since it was established in 1946.
have to recognize Israel first — and, secondly, it
All the others are prominent jurists or inter-
would have to sign Article 36 of the Court's statutes.
national barristers. There is John E. 'Read, of Can-
The latter might not be necessary — and all the
ada; Prof. Hersch Lauterpacht, a famous authority
disputes could be settled across a conference table
on international law who taught at Cambridge Uni-
in face-to-face talks between - Israel and Egypt —
versity and at The Hague Academy of International
once Egypt recognized Israel. It is really up to
Law a• Norwegian, Helge Klaestad, 72, who has
Egypt. Israel is ready — as Mrs ao1r1A__Mai_r card