Eisenhower Speech Brings Crisis to Boiling Point
stated that of three solutions Ambassador Abba Eban is "go- time on the question of the
Arab refugees. Addressing
which Israel had termed ac- ing back to Israel to get his in-
structions changed," • a spokes- the Special Political Commit-
statement emphasized that "the ceptable "none had been offered
(Continued from Page 1)
by the United States approach." man for the American delega- tee, Georgi N. Zarubin, Soviet
by Egypt in its 1955 communi- United States is aware of the
The three acceptable alterna- tion said here. The spokesman representative, demanded that
fact
that
Israel
has
legitimate
cation and he could not give all
tives, the Israeli officials said, added the United States Gov- the refugees shc•Ild either be
grievances"
with
r
e
g
a
r
d
to
the implications and that
are: 1. A United Nations order ernment's feeling is that "Is- repatriated "to their homes"
authorities might differ on the Egypt "and should, in all fair- stationing UN Emergency Force rael's initial reaction to the in Israel, or be paid "full
ness, see a prospect of remedy-
precise meaning.
troops along the west coast of United States aide memoir compensation."
Dulles said the Gulf of ing them." However, he insisted the Gulf of Aqaba to prevent was not responsive." Reports
Declaring that the problem
that
one
of
the
resolutions
Aqaba was technically Egyptian
a blockade; 2. An agreement that President Eisenhower was of the Palestine` refugees had
adopted
by
the
UN
General
territorial water and not an
among Jordan, Saudi Arabia, coming to the United 'Nations remained unsolved and that the
international waterway because Assembly on Feb. 2, gave such Egypt and Israel—all bordering in connection with the Israel number of refugees was in-
a
prospect.
it was less than six miles
on the Gulf—on non-interfer- issue were met with the com- creasing, Mr. Zarubin said the
* * *
wide, but passage cannot be
ence with shipping into and ment that there are no such United National General As-
properly restricted. He said The President's Speech through the Gulf, and 3. A dec- plans.
sembly, in its resolutions, had
"lively"
reali-
there is today a
Israeli circles here made the never questioned the right of
President Eisenhower's ad- laration by the United States
zation of international law and dress to the nation, Wednesday or other powers to the effect following comment on the Eban the Arabs to remain in Pal-
Considered the preservation of night, added fuel to the con- that they will not permit any negotiations with Secretary estine and to enjoy full citizen-
such a law a forward step. He sternation in pro-Israeli ranks. interfence with shipping in this Dulles: "Israel faces an acute ship rights. Moreover, the As-
said the 1951 UN measure on
question: How would Israel sembly had decided that refu-
It was felt that insufficient internationaPwaterway. ,
Tiran was allowed to be dis- attention was paid by the Pres-
The Gulf of Aqaba is Is- and any friendly government gees desiring to return to Pal-
regarded, but a greater effort iden to Egypt's defiance of UN rael's essential link with feel if Israel were to withdraw estine should be given an op-
will be made in the future for decisions and Nasser's threats Asia and Africa and Israel and then the blockade were to portunity to do so "in the near
compliance. He added that he
cannot forego ,these on the be - renewed in the Gulf of future" while the others should
did not agree with Nasser's to Israel; that he overlooked the basis of a declaration alone, Aqaba and fedayeen raids and be paid full compensation by
fact
that
Israel
already
had
delaying tactics in opening the
evacuted 9'8 per cent of the area the officials elaborated. They other hostilities were to be re- the government of Israel.
Suez Canal.
Today, Mr. Zarubin went on,
her
troops had captured in the noted that while Egypt may newed from Gaza? In that
While pressure was strongest
not interfere with American event there would be . a serious "we are faced with the un-
October
-
November
campaign;
upon Israel,, in Washington, to
ships, Egyptian officials have risk of new hostilities. Surely shaken desire" of a great ma-
yield to President Eisenhower's that Nasser has failed to go announced their intention of it is better to take more time jority among the refugees "to
along
with
U.S.
assurances
to
importunate demands, with em-
reinstating the blockade of now to see that everything is return home." This desire, and
phasis on his declaration that Israel; and there was deep hurt Israel shipping.
done to avoid such a conting- "their unchallengeable right" to
that
the
President
should
have
Israel has received from the
As far as Gaza is con- ency. It is better to face and see it fulfilled, met with the
United States "the maximum chosen to compare Israel with cerned, the Israeli officials resolve complex diplomatic po- sympathies "of the 'w h o 1 e
assurances it can reasonably Soviet Russia in the moral said, Israel is willing to dis- sitions now than to have block- world." The Soviet delegate in-
expect at this juncture," there issue involved.
cuss its future in the light of ades and hostilities later."
sisted that the decision of the
Considerable attention is be- three basic issues: Israel's se-
still are strong indications that
Israel was again attacked Assembly "must be carried out
ing
focused
on
the
conference
Israel has not lost the backing
curity, economic progress for
by the Soviet delegation, this in practice."
of important American leaders of the American Christian the local population and a
in its stand for- guarantees that Palestine Committee now being solution of the refugee situa-
there will be no further at- held in New York. Ambassa- tion. In the light of, these
Boris Smolar's
tacks upon the State of Israel dors of several nations and three principles, they indi-
and- its people from Egypt, many prominent American cler- cated, Israel is ready to ab-.#
upon the evacuation of the gymen are on the speakers' sorb a part of the Gaza refu-
programs. Brig. Gen. S. Ti. A. gees in Israel and withdraw
Gaza Strip and the Tiran
Marshall, chief historian of the
in the Gulf of Aqaba.
its military units from the
Opp osit ion i s especially U.S. Army and chief editorial territory immediately after
writer
of
the
Detroit
News,
and
strong against any considera-
negotiations on this basis
tion of sanctions. Senator Wil- Dr. Russell Henry Stafford,
(Copyright, 1957,
start between Israel and the
Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Ine.)
liam F. Knowland, of Cali- president of Hartford Seminary UN.
fornia, Republican M i n o rity Foundation, are among the
(The Columbia Broadcast-
Leader, has again indicated main speakers. American re- ing System reported it has re- The Sanctions Threat:
action
to
the
President's
speech
that he will oppose sanctions
Thousands of telegrams protesting the idea of sanctions
ceived reliable information
on Israel as long as India, So- are expected to be crystallized that Egypt is sending naval of Israel reached President Eisenhower and Secretary of State
viet Russia and Egypt escape at this conference.
units, including frogmen, to John Foster Dulles immediately after they indicated the possi-
* * *
such punishments. Equally
Saudi Arabia near the Strait bility of such action . • . Senator William Knowland, California
strong opposition to sanctions Israel Backed by British
of Than with orders to re- Republican and leading member of the Senate Foreign Relations
has been expressed in British Press and Many Notables
impose. a blockade on Israel Committee, received thousands ,of telegrams congratulating him
(Direct JTA Teletype Wire
circles and by many members
shipping as soon as Israel for taking the initiative in opposing sanctions as "immoral" . .
to The Jewish News)
of UN delegations.
forces withdraw from their More than 3,000 telegrams of commendation were received by
LONDON.—The pressure of present positions. CBS said Sen. Knowland in the first two days after he came out against
Senator Lyndon Johnson,
Majority leader, and the en- the Eisenhower Administration also that the Suez Canal sanctions . . . They kept on pouring in from all parts of the
tire Senate Democratic Pol- on Israel, including an ap- might again be barred to Is- country and from various elements in the country
icy Committee voted against parent readiness to support rael shipping and that it had
American aid to Israel provided one-third of Israel's total
United Nations sanctions, was a report that Israel would foreign .currency income of $419,000,000
sanctions.
in 1956 . . . This included
But after the conference under sharp attack Tuesday in send a test ship through the U.S. governmental assistance and funds channeled through the
with President Eisenhower the British press.
canal as soon as it is re- United Jewish Appeal, the Israel Bond drive, and other agencies
Six leading Britons demand- opened.)
some Senators — Knowland
raising funds for Israeli causes . . . All this was taken into con-
dissenting—said this Adniin- ed proper security guarantees
The reports from Wash- sideration in opposing American sanctions against Israel
for
Israel
and
backed
Israel
istration will support sane-
ington that the U. S.-Israel American governmental assistance this year would have brought
tiOns, if the UN adopts them. administration o f the Gaza talks were deadlocked and to Israel about $72,000,000 in grants, loans and surplus food . .
A proposal advanced by Strip in a letter to the Times. the ominous statement from This aid had been suspended even before the Arabs 'reqUested
Lester Pearson, Canadian They were Lord Cunningham, the White House were ac- sanctions . . . This made philanthropic funds all the more an
delegate to the UN, for a famous wartime Naval Corn- cepted without major shock important source of income for Israel . . American Jewish
UN naval force to patrol the man.d er; Lord Haily, former by a calm Israel public. The philanthropic agencies raised well over $100,000,000 for Israel
Aqaba area and for a UN Governor of Punjab; Lord Han- general feeling remains that in 1956 . . . The total is expected to be larger in 1957 as a result
commission to study the Gaza key, member of the War Cabi- the government should not of the special UJA Emergency Fund . .. While the fundamental
situation, has found favor in net; Prof. Gilbert Murray and bend under American pres- use of these funds is for welfare programs, the exchange of
Rev. E. G. Selwyn, distinguish- sure. "We should not give up
Israel.
dollars for pounds helps the State of Israel by making foreign
(Declaring that Israel may ed churchman.
our security for $50,000,000," currency available . . Israel had a substantial dollar income in
The
London
Daily
Telegraph,
"well be dubious" over the
is the way the man in the 1956 from the sale of Israel Bonds . .. By the end of October,
offers made to them by Presi- in an editorial, bitterly assailed street puts it.
the total sale of Israel bonds, during. the five years of bond
President
Eisenhower's
appeal
dent Eisenhower, W. K. Kel-
T h e knowledge of strong sales in this country, reached $250,000,000 .. . Proceeds of bond
sey, in his column on Tuesday, to I s r a e 1, calling it "either French support of Israel both sales provided 35 percent of all income available for Israel's
called attention to Egypt's still shockingly cynical or alarm- politically and economically un- development budgets in this five-year. period . . . The fear of
possessing the Suez Canal "by ingly naive." The newspaper doubtedly contributes to this United Nations. sanctions also involved the possible stoppage
right of seizure." He warned charged that the "argument feeling, as do the still well- of German reparations to Israel . . Israel has been receiving
that Egypt "has made no con- that the United States cannot stocked shop windows. Also, over $80,000,000 a year from Germany in reparations, not to speak
cessions toward admitting in- give concrete assurance in ad- the month of suspense over the of individual restitution payments reaching Israeli citizens at a
ternational rights" and added: vance of Israeli withdrawal but possibility of sanctions has con- rate of $2,000,000 a month . . . The possibility of UN sanctions
"Secretary Dulles has intimated would do so afterward is a con- ditioned the public to the idea affecting also German reparations was definitely averted through
to Israel that it is over a bar- temptuous evasion."
that it will have to accept eco-
The Manchester ; Guardian nomic hardships in the future. private consultations soon after the Arabs started to talk about
rel. Either it must get out of
anti-Israel sanctions in the United Natioris.
Egypt, or the UN must. wash its urged a clear American guar-
Israel has sufficient food
antee
of
free
passage
in
the
hands of the situation. But it
supplies and other necessities Domestic Developments:
-
looks as if Mr. Dulles is also Gulf of Aqaba, adding that Is- to tide the country over in
The Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds is
over a barrel. He can't deliver rael's stubborness was under- the event of economic diffi- embarking on a study of Jewish community life in the suburbs ...
the UN. He admits that he standable in the face of the culties, Minister of Trade and This study may lead to very important evaluations of the role
can't guarantee that UN forces vagueness of • the American Industry Pinchas Saphir an- of smaller Jewish communities in the development of American
can occupy -either Gaza or guarantees.
nounced. He also assured Jewry . . . There is a tremendous growth of Jewish activities
The London Daily Express, livestock raisers that there in the suburbs ... Contrary to communities in the larger cities,
Sharm e 1-S h e ikh against
urging
Israel
to
"stand
fast,"
Egypt's will. Apparently what
were ample supplies of fod- the Jews in the suburb, being a middle class element, are able
the cruiser might do, the UN said Israel should be provided der on hand.
to meet their local Jewish needs without philanthropic assistance.
can't, whether to protect peace with "cast iron guarantees" be-
A delegation from the Israeli-
. At present these needs are centered primarily in building
or promote justice. So the UN fore withdrawal from the Gaza American Friendship League local Jewish centers and in expanding the local synagogues into
too is over a barrel. Why has Strip and the Gulf of Aqaba was received by Ambassador centers of social activities . . . Not in all suburbs do the Jew's
no one apparently thought of positions.
Lawson. Its members stressed live a life socially isolated from their non-Jewish neighbors . .
* *
reading a portion of the riot
that Israelis were becoming con- Hence the question arises whether the local Jewish Center work
act to Egypt, who started all U. S. Stand Appreciated, But
cerned over the American posi- should be limited to Jewish orientation, or should be of a nature .
Israelis Insist on Guarantees
the trouble?").
tion on freedom of navigation attractive also to non-Jews ... This question existed a generation
J a m es Hagerty, President
JERUSALEM (JTA) — Israel and Israel's security. The Am- or two ago in the larger cities, when the Jewish Centers looked
Eisenhower's press spokesman, officials expressed "apprecia- bassador promised to convey upon themselves as an institution helping in "Americanization"
elaborating on the President's tion" of United States recogni- the delegation's views to Wash- of the immigrant Jew and his family . . . Today the majority
statement, said • that the U.S. tion of the Gulf of Aqaba as ington.
of Jewish centers in large cities are inclined toward stressing
* *
Government considers Israel's an international waterway and
more the Jewish contents in their program of activities, since
reply to the offer made by Sec- claimed a "considerable prox- U. S. Hopes Eban Will Return ther members are all American-born Jews and are in no need
retary Dulles on the G a z a- imity of views between Israel from Israel With New Plan
to be "Americanized". • . In the suburbs the question of attracting
Aqaba situation as "negative." and the United States" on this
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. the non-Jewish neighbor requires that the program be related
President Eisenhower in his subject. At the same time, they (JTA)—The United States hopes also to the needs of the non-Jewish population
British Back Israel's Position
r .................................,_,.....................4...............................„
Between You
and Me'