Graduation for Israel's FifYhting Soldier Girls
Mr.7:F:F
—International Photo
While Israel's soldiers are busy manning
positions against surprise Arab attacks and
others are withdrawing from the Sinai Penin-
sula, - women are training to take their own
places in front-line action. This photo was
made during "graduation" exercises marking
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Toscanini Was a Friend of the Jews
The world's greatest conduc-
tor, Arturo Toscanini, who died
last week, carried to his grave
the scars he received as an out-
spoken critic of the Italian
fascist and Nazi regimes.
While he won the respect and
admiration of the world for his
defiance of to-
talitarian , o p -
p re ssi on, he
w a s assaulted
and thoroughly'
beaten by his
country's o p -
pressors.
First•proof<
of his abhor-
rence of Fas-
cist Italy came
on Jan. 31,
1943, when he
performed Ver-
di's "Hymn of Toscanini
the Nations" over a national
network, changing the words
Italia patria mia to Italia tradita
(Italy betrayed).
Although he felt complete ful-
fillment as an artist came at
the annual- Wagnerian festivals
at Bayreuth, he chose not to
remain there after Hitler's ad-
vent to power.
He was one of many who vig-
orously protested against Nazi
abuse of Jewish artists. When
Germany absorbed Austria, he
immediately quit the Salzburg
Festival.
His most saddening sacrifice
was leaving Italy, which he did
after a brutal beating which
followed his refusal to play the
Fascist hymn "Giovinezza" be-
cause it was "not music."-
What exile from his country
is able to escape from himself?
—Horace
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the completion of basic training for 100 girls.
In combat gear, they squirm under barbed
wire while machine guns continually remind
them to keep the bustle down, a task at which
they appear expert.
'Independent Zionists'
Charged by ZOA with
Undermining Movement
NEW YORK, (JTA) — The
Zionist Organization of America
issued a statement charging • the
"Independent Zionists of Amer-
ica," a group of ZOA leaders,
opposed to the present lead-
ership, with intent "to under-
mine and weaken the ZOA."
Plans of the new group to call
a founding convention in March
were announced by Judge Louis
E. Levinthal of Philadelphia; a
former ZOA president, In issu-
ing a statement of policy, Judge
Levinthal said that the new or-
ganization expects to . attract
"American Jews who are dem-
onstrating their friendship for
Israel by their continued eco-
nomic support, but who do not
have a voice in the affairs of the
Zionist movement" because they
do not "want to be enrolled in
a partisan organization."
The ZOA statement accuses
the new group, "which professes
to be seeking to -enroll 'non-
affiliated' Zionists," of concen-
trating "its recruitment drive
on the—already enrolled mem-
bers of one — and only one —
organization, the Zionist Organ-
iZation. of America.
The ,Z-0A statement contends
that opposition claims that the
organization is affiliated with
the General Zionist party in
Israel was a "red herring." It
says that the ZOA has "never
_ ith any Israeli
been affiliated" w
party, although . the ZOA has
"expressed. sympathy and culti-
vated friendly relations with
like-minded organizations with-
in the Zionist movement in
Israel and other .parts of the
World." The statement warned
ZOA members that any. efforts
to promote this "Independent"
organization are inconsistent
with membership in the Zionist
Organization of America.
"It is regrettable that the -
ZOA, has seen fit to greet - the
launching of a new independent
non-party Zionist association
with denunciation and attack,"
Judge Levinthal answered
ZOA charges this week.
"In forming the Independent
Zionists of America we did not
intend to engage in controversy
with the ZOA or any other Zi-
onist group.. Responsibility for
any such conflict rests with
them.
"It is absurd for the ZOA to
assert that the issue of affilia-
tion is a •red herring or to deny
its identification with the Gen-
eral Zionist party in Israel," he
added.- • • • •
Israel High Court
Opens Libel Case
JERUSALEM (JTA) — The
Israel Supreme Court began to
hear the government's appeal
in the Kastner-Gruenwald case
verdict which precipitated a
Cabinet crisis in this country in
June, 1955.
A year and a half ago; the
president of the Jerusalem Dis-
trict Court, Dr. Benjamin Ha-
levi, ruled that the government
had failed to prove a libel
charge against 75-year-old Mal-
kiel Gruenwald.
The latter had published a
newsletter in which he accused
Dr. Israel Kastner, a leader of
Hungarian Jewry during the
Nazi occupation of 'Hungary,
with abetting in the mass ex-
pulsions of Jews from that
„country and the subsequent Nazi
murder of many thousands of
those Jews.
Gruenwald said that Dr. Kast-
ned had committed these acts
as liaison man between the
Jewish community and the
Nazis.
Dr. .Halevi upheld Gruen-
wald's main allegations, but
found that the latter had not
proved that Dr. Kastner used
Jewish community funds for
personal ends. The judge im-
posed a token fine on Gruen-
wald of one pound (55 cents),
but imposed costs of 200 pounds
($110) against the government
for bringing the case into court
on behalf of Dr. Kastner,, at
the time an official, of the Israel
Government. As a result of the
decision, the General Zionist
Tarty quit the coalition govern-
ment then headed by Moshe
Sharett. • "
The appeal, submitted by At-
torney General .Haim Cohen,
.calid Judge Halevi's decision a
"grave injustice" although it
conceded that Judge Halevi had
been correct in finding "contra-
dictions and• lies'.' in Dr.- Kast-
ner's original testimony. But he
insisted- there was "a wide gap"
between such "inaccuracies" and
the judge's statement that
"Kastner had sold his soul to
the devil."
Hebrew University Program
Open to US College Students
NEW YORK, (JTA) —A. pro-
gram of study enabling Amer-
ican college students to partici-
pate in a special one-year course
at Hebrew University in Jerusa-
lem has begun for the third con-
secutive year, it was announced
by Oscar I. Janowsky, chairman
of the Academic Council of the
American Friends of Hebrew
University. The project is spon-
And the Lord said unto me, sored by the university in co-
Behold, I have put my words in operation with the AFHU and
the Jewish Agency.
thy taouth.--Jer. 1:9. •
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