Early American Womanhood
Imprints the Sands of Time

By _BEN NEGRI

woman of valor who can
find, for her price is above
Woman's so-called emancipa-
rubies
tion is of recent date. Still The heart of her husband cloth

A

(An SAFS Feature)

without the vote and without
even entering into business
careers, some women managed
to leave their imprints on the
sands of time. Harry Simon-
hoff in his recently published
"Jewish Notables in America"
gives us six women among a
total of 87 notables.
The half dozen Simonhoff
selects are Abigail Minis, Re-
becca Franks, Rebecca Gratz,
Penina Moise, Ernestine L. Rose
and Ada Menken.
Abigail Minis is probably the
least generally known. We hear
much in American history about
the "foUnding fathers." But if
there were founding _ fathers,
there were also "founding
mothers" although they didn't
get much publicity.
Abigail Minis was a "found-
ing mother." You insight call
her the first "founding mother"
of the state of Georgia. 'She
was the mother of the first
white male child born in Geor-
gia. She was the "ayshes
chayil," described in the Bible:

safely

trust in her

She seeketh wool and flax
And worketh willingly with

her hands

She riseth also while it is yet
night
And giveth food to her house-
hold,—

Mrs. Minis' husband died
early and Abigail Minis was
both mother and father of her
household, the home keeper
and the bringer in of income
for the family maintenance.
Despite all this, her influence
reached out, so much so, that
during the American Revolu-
tion, the British forced her to
leave the city.

Simonhoff's second selec-
tion is 'quite a different type,
Rebecca Franks. Beautiful
and witty, a pampered
daughter of America's aristo-
cracy, she took the Tory side
during the American Revolu-
tion. General Howe, the com-
mander of the British forces
who had an eye for female
, pulchritude was a frequent

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visitor at the Franks' home.
Rebecca married a British
officer, Gen. Winfield Scott, who,
in his MemOirs, tells of visiting
Rebecca Franks in London in
he•.-old age. She then expressed
to him regret that she had
taken the British side. "I glory
in my countrymen" she said.
The third lady is another
Rebecca—Rebecca Gratz, daugh-
ter of Michal Gratz, merchant
and western colonizer. Hers
vas the inner beauty of charac-
ter. She was covered in a
mantle of philosophy. She is
supposed to have been the
Rebecca in Scott's "Ivanhoe."
Rebecca Gratz had been the
closest friend of Matilda Hoff-
man, the fiande of the famous
American author, Washington
Irving. Miss Gratz nursed her
as she lay dying of tubercu-
losis. Irving later told about
it to Sir Walter Scott' who used
her as the model of the Re-
becca of :Ivanhoe.
The Gratzes were very
friendly with the Henry Clay
family with which it married.
Rebecca Gratz herself was
never 'married. She was the
founder of several charitable
organizations.
Penina Moise came from
South Carolina, the state of
which Simonhoff may properly
speak with some authority.
Harry Simonhoff was long a
resident of that state and at
one time served in the South
Carolina legislature.
Yet it was more than state
pride that caused Simonhoff to
include Penina Moise. Charles-
ton, as he points out, in early
American history was one of
the important cultural centers
of America.

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Penina Moise was the
"spiritual" type. She owes
her claim to fame chiefly to
the Hymns which she wrote
which for a time were in-
cluded in the Reform Jewish
prayer book. She was blind
for a great part of her life.

Ernestine L. Rose is the cru-
sader. The daughter of a polish
Jew, she travelled about

West Chicago, near Schaefer

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in

England and came to America
or
!nor
for
nor
ror
t:o
at the time when America was
of
Best Wishes for a Happy New Year
experiencing a great reform
agitation. It was the time of
New Year's Best Wishes
abolitionism, of the beginning
of the woman's rights move-
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day of Wendell Phillips and
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t
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come under the spell of Er-
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go through a powerful lot of
NeW Year Greetings
heckling in those days, by those
New Year Greetings
who wanted no change in the
status quo and Ernestine Rose
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of fame is a woman who com-
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bines several of the qualities
KE 4-4773-4-5
of the preceding. Ada Menken
WAlnut 1-0077
JOE MOCERI
combined intelligence with
■
■
■
■ ■
■
■.■
■
glamor. Imagine a female
Theodore Herzl joined to a
New Year Greetings
Gypsy Rose Lee. Merely to
Greetings and Best. Wishes
think of such a combination
is ludicrous, yet Ada Menken
On the New Year
was something like that.

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Back in the days before
the Civil War, this young
woman who had barely
reached the age of 20 was
writing poems calling on
Jews to restore the Jewish
State, the same Ada Menken
who was shocking American
audiences by giving the first
performances seen in this
country of an actress in
tights.

She died at the age of 31
and yet in so short a life, she
fascinated everybody from
young Mark Twain to Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow, w h o
visited her as she lay dying in
Paris.
It is an interesting gallery
of portraits that Simonhoff has
presented. He is now at work
on a second volume that will
bring the Jewish Notables up
to date—from the Civil War to
the present time. Woman has
branched out in the succeeding
generations, but it may be that
Simonhoff will find it difficult
to get together a more interest-
ing selection on the distaff side.

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