Intermarriage:
Deterrent to
Successful Unions

Holy Days'
Israel Bond Drive

Editorials, Page 4

HE JEWISHNE S

A Weekly Review

of Jewish Events

Michigan's Only English-Jewish Newspaper—Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle

VOLUME XX IX—No. 19atign , o 27

17100 W. 7 Mile Rd.—VE 8-9364—Detroit 35, July 13, 1956

•

Millin's Expose
Of Jan - C. Smuts

Commentary, Pg. 2

Talmud Guide for
Students; Picard's
Short Stories
Reviews on Page 4

$5.00 Per Year; Single Copy 15c

Arabs Attack U.S. Senators for
Defending Jews; Congressmen
Asks Ouster of Zeineddine

WASHINGTON, (JTA)—American Senators interceding on behalf of American
Jews were sharply attacked by Egypt in a Cairo radio broadcast monitored here.
The broadcast referred to the bi-partisari resolution which was introduced in
the Senate calling on President Eisenhower to proclaim the opposition of the U. S.
(Direct JTA Teletype Wire to The Jewish News)
Government to foreign discrimination against American citizens on r'e l i g i o u s
JERUSALEM—Tension mounted in Israel Tuesday over the
grounds. The resolution aims to check -Arab discrimination against American Jews,
murder of two Israeli civilians and the wounding of two police-
such as the barring of American Jewish soldiers from an American air base in Sau-
men in two separate localities in 24 hours.
di
Arabia.
-
The Israel-Jordan"Mixed Armistice Commission met Tuesday
The resolution, originally introduced by Senators Herbert H. Lehman, and Wil-
to hear Israel's charge against Jordan in connection with the
liam Langer, now has 20 co-sponsors. It was hailed by leaders of non-Jewish groups
wounding of an Israeli policeman when his patl-ol car hit a mine
as a "sorely needed" step. These leaders called on the State Department to take "de-
near the Jordan frontier at Afuleh. Another policeman was shot
and wounded on the main highway between Tel Aviv and. Tiberias.
cisive counter-action" against "the Nazi-like anti-Jewish measures of Saudi Arabia."
'The two civilians were killed in ambush near the Jordanian fron- - •
A request that the Syrian Ambassador to the United States, Dr. Farid Zeined-
tier about 20 miles south of the Dead Sea.
dine, be ordered to leave the country was voiced on the floor of the House by Rep.
Charles A. Boyle, of Chicago, who charged the Syrian
diplomat with publicly denouncing American Jews at a
The Battle of the Dead Sea Scrolls
"university forum.". "I am sure that Mr. John Foster
Dulles does not permit members of the American foreign
service to insult segments of the population of lands in
which they are representatives," Rep. Boyle told the
House. "Mr. Zeineddine should be asked to apologize
publicly. If he should refuse, Mr. Zeineddine should be
By DR. SOLOMON ZEITLIN
declared persona non grata by the State Department and
Editor, Jewish Quarterly Review
asked to leave our land."
Mr. Philip Slomovitz, editor of The Jewish News, has from time to time sought to have
Criticism against the American policy in the Middle
the Israeli scholars who maintained the antiquity of the scrolls refute my contention against it.
East
continued in both Houses of Congress with the State
Dr. S. Yeivin, Director of Antiquities, State of Israel, in an article for The Jewish News made
Department being accused of "floundering" on the Arab-
an• attempt to do so.
Israel issue.
As an archaeologist, he first resorted to archaeplogy, in support of the antiquity of the
Sen. William Langer, Republican, said that while
scrolls. He admits that the seven scrolls (two scrolls of Isaiah; the Commentary on Habakkuk;
Egypt aims to smash Israel with all the 'Soviet weapons
the so-called Manual of Discipline; the War Between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Dark-
it commands, the State Department is "sitting on our
ness; the Psalms; and the so-called scroll of Lamech) were not discovered by archaeologists,
but that some of them were bought by the late Prof. Sukenik and that some of them were
hands." In the House, Rep. T. James Tumulty„ Democrat,
acquired by the Archbishop Samuel. He says, however, "An enquiry led by several authorities
urged a change in the Administration's policy of refusing
established the fact that these were found in a natural cave in the vicinity of an ancient site
to sell arms to Israel.

Two Israelis Slain as Jordan
Increases Border Forays

Dr. Zeitlin Replies to - Yeivin's Claims;
Challenges Antiquity Director's Facts

•

known as Khirbet Qumran." It has never been established that the scrolls were in a cave. We
will have contradictory accounts about the alleged discovery, not only in reference to the time,
but also as to by whom.
Prof. M. Burrows, who was director of the American School of Oriental Research in
Jerusalem in 1947 when the scrolls were supposedly discovered in Ain Feshkha, gives one ver-
sion which contradicts that given by Harding, Director of Antiquities, State of Jordan. The
Archbishop and the merchants who sold the scrolls to the late Prof. Sukenik gave entirely
different accounts. Therefore, we cannot say that authoritative scholars had "established the fact
that these were found in a natural cave." The assertion that the scrolls were discovered in a cave
was based on the word of a 16 year old Bedouin, Mohammed Dib, who revealed himself four
years after the so-called discovery. Achaeology must be discounted as a factor in determining
the date of the Hebrew Scrolls.
Dr. Yeivin tells of the excavations that were carried out in the vicinity of the cave, where
supposedly the Hebrew Scrolls were found. He says that the excavators found "a large com-
munal building of unusual plan and construction, but which would admirably suit the purposes of
the Issiim (Essenes), as far as the character of this sect is known from literary sources." The
literary sources are Josephus and Philo, and there is not a word in their writings to the effect
that the Essenes lived near the Dead Sea, and certainly the communal building which was dis-
covered could not admirably suit the purposes of the Essenes. The ideas and laws set forth in
the scrolls are in direct contradiction to those held and promulgated by the Essenes. Only
Pliny the Elder speaks about the Essenes living near the Dead Sea, but they came there after
the destruction of the Second Temple.
Dr. Yeivin adds, "Among other arrangements the building contained a large seriptoxxium,
• which feature can only be justified if we assume a permanent and large-scale occupation with
the copying of texts on the part of the tenants of the building." Assuming that the scriptorium
which the archaeologists found in the cave indicates that many people lived there and copied
texts, which I question, why may not the scriptorium be of the sixth century? Was a date in-
scribed that is of the pre-Christian period? Even if Dr. Yeivin is right, we still can see no connec-
tion between the scriptorium and the Hebrew Scrolls, unless the archaeologists found evidence in
it that the Hebrew Scrolls were Copied there, which I doubt. In the Middle Ages there were
many scriptoria where Jews copied manuscripts. •
Dr. Yeivin speaks of the discovery of hundreds of small fragments, some consisting of one
or two words, others of only single letters, but he ignores the fact that in another cave were
found fragments of Arabic manuscripts which belonged to the ninth century of our era, as
well as fragments of Greek manuscripts, commentaries on the gospels. Were these also' written
in the pre-Christian period? Dr. Yeivin did not mention the fact that the archaeologists found
in the debris of the cave a Roman lamp and cooking pot. Were these used by the Essenes? Inci-
dentally, no complete scroll ever was discovered by the archaeologists.
Dr. Yeivin in speaking about the fragments of the book of Leviticus says, "the present
writer attempted to date them on palaeographic grounds arriving at the conclusion that they
belong to a ms. written probably toward the end of IInd cent. B.C.E. and not later than the 1st
half of the Ist cent. B.C.E." He did specify on what ground he based his conclusion. The Jews
as late as the fourth century C.E. used the old Hebrew script in their writings. (Cf. The Dead
Sea Scrolls and Modern Scholarship p. 85) Dr. Yeivin said nothing about the matres lectionis
which are used in the Isaiah Scroll. We know definitely that the matres lectionis were intro-
duced in the Holy Scriptures in the second century C.E. on the authority of R. Akiba.
In speaking of the Carbon 14 test Dr. Yeivin says, "Some fragments of the linen used in
wrapping the scrolls before they were placed in the jars found in cave 1Q were submitted for
dating by means of measurements based on Carbon 14." This statement that "some fragments of
the linen used in wrapping the scrolls before they were placed in the jars" is deceptive. No arch-
aeologists ever saw the scrolls in jars or wrapped in linen. The scrolls were brought to the
archbishop in a bag not in jars, and neither were they wrapped in linen, and when Sukenik
bought the scrolls from an Oriental merchant they were not wrapped in linen. Sukenik also
acquited two jars which, according to the Bedouin, originally contained the scrolls, but he him-
(Continged on Page 28)
\

Iliaminarski.old to Tackle
New Middle East Crisis
On Return Visit in July

(Direct JTA Teletype Wire to The Jewish News)

UNITED NATIONS—United Nations Secretary General
Dag Hammarskjold will visit Israel and Egypt this month
prior to his return to the United States, it was announced here
Tuesday. He intends to be in Jerusalem July 19 and 20 and
in Cairo July 21 and 22, die announcement said.
Mr. ,Hammarskjold, at a press conference in Vienna, said
he will confer with the governments concerned on ideas for
making progress toward relaxation of Arab-Israel tension. He
revealed his determination to submit. to Israel and the Arab
countries a plan for strengthening armistic agreements.
Mr. Hammarskjold's second visit to Israel and the Arab
countries coincides with renewed -tension on the Israel-Jordan
frontier as a result of Monday's killing by Jordanians of two
Israeli civilians.
UN observers, according to information received at UN
headquarters from Jerusalem, were busy investigating Israel's
charges .against Jordan. Israel reported to the UN -truce organ-
ization that seven men with rifles attacked a truck owned by
the Negev Phosphate Works in a lonely canyon south of the
Dead Sea. Two men were killed before the driver could swing
his truck around and, head back.

Colony- in Israel to Mark
Rashrs 850th Anniversary

NEW YORK, (JTA) — The 850th anniversary. of
Rabbi Shlomo Itzchaki—Rashi—foremost commentator
on the Bible and Talmud, was marked with the forma-
tion of an organization of his descendants who will seek
to establish a colony in Israel in his memory. The de-
scendants include Jews who carry the names Horowitz,
Rappoport, Weil, Shor, Ochs, Lurie, Rothenberg, Wohl,
Israel, Katznelbogen, Frankel, according to an announce-
ment by the founders.
While at present there is no monument to mark the
burial place of the distinguished commentator, his schol-
arly contribution to a better understanding of the Bible
and Talmud has made the name Rashi revered in the
Jewish communities of the world. The great 'Rashi, who
was born in Troyes, France, in 1040, had no sons, but his
daughter, Yocheved, had three brilliant sons who carried
on the work of their famed grandfather. They were Rab-
bi Samuel ben Meir (Rashbam), Isaac ben Meir (Ribam),

and Rabbi Jacob ben Meir, known as Rabbenu Tam.