Herbert Hoover's
Arab Refugee
Solution
Expose of
Bergerism
THE JEWISH NEWS
A Weekly Review
Editorials, Page 4
of Jewish Events
Lew Ayres'
Interesting
`Altars of the East'
Anne Frank's
`Testament of
Faith'
Commentary,
Page 2
Michigan's Only English Jewish Newspaper — Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle
VOLUME XXIX—No. 13
27
17100 W. 7 Mile Rd.—VE 8-9364—Detroit 35, June 1, 1956
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Middle East Peace Ho es Rise
As UN Debatet British Pr posal
Younger Generation Aroused
Fear Friction in Mapai
May Alter Government
JERUSALEM, (JTA) — Important changes in the Israel
Cabinet and in Parliament are expected as a result of internal
friction within Mapai, Israel's Labor Party, which is the leading
government party.
The Jerusalem Post, which is close to the Mapai, said that
such changes ,are "unavoidable anyhow" because of a previous
Mapai resolution barring one person from holding several posts.
It emphasized that when a Cabinet member, or a member of
the Parliament, is called to leadership of the Mapai it should
not be deemed a comedown because his political influence will
increase.
The dissatisfaction within the ranks of the Mapai comes
from the "younger generation," which demands "purification"
of the Mapai movement, and is planning to propose important
changes in leadership at the forthcoming Mapai convention
next July.
This group insists that the Mapai leadership should be put
into the hands of "strong personalities." In this connection the
names of Moshe Sharett and Golda Myerson, two leading Mapai,
members in the Israel Cabinet, are mentioned as possible can-
didates for the post of Mapai secretary.
Iraq Frees Seven from Prison
TEL AVIV, (JTA) — Seven Jews imprisoned for five years
in Iraq have arrived here, via Cyprus. The seven, all between
23 and 25 now, were sentenced to prison for "Zionist activities."
The World Jewish Congress reported from London that the
young men had been turned over to Polish legation authorities
upon their release, since Iraq has no diplomatic relations with
Isr ael.
Meanwhile, Israel released an Egyptian air force sergeant
in friendship to the Netherlands government. The sergeant was
the only Egyptian aboard a Dutch KLM plane which entered
-Israel air space on May 1 while on a photo reconnaissance mis-
sion for Egypt. Israel fighters forced the - plane to land at Lydda
Airport.
Damages Mount in Israel Fire
(Direct JTA Teletype Wire to The Jewish News)
TEL AVIV—Tens of thousands of trees in the Gen. Orde
Wingate Forest On Mount Gilboa burned to the ground on
Monday in the worst forest fire here this summer. Firemen from
the whole region of Tiberias, Afuleh and Madera tried unsuc-
cessfully to localize the fire, which, at first estimates, - is placed
at a quarter of a million pounds in damages.
Direct JTA Teletype Wire to The Jewish News
UNITED NATIONS — Sir Pierson Dixon, of Great Britain made a powerful plea
for permanent Israel-Arab peace as the Security Council convened Tuesday afternoon
to adopt a resolution he introduced Monday. The proposal according to many observ-
ers here makes the strongest Security Council bid for peace since 1949.
Tuesday's resolution was revised slightly to placate Arab delegates. One para-
graph in the preamble laid particular stress on those sections of the Hammarskjold
peace mission report which include reservations to "unconditional" acceptance of the
cease-fire made by Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.
Other revisions of the draft tie the new resolution closer to the April 4 man-
date which sent Hammarskjold on his mission, thus implying that limitations—which
excluded reference to permanent peace—are still in effect.
The meeting was opened by Yugoslavia's Joza Brilej, who expressed "great ap-
preciation" for the work accomplished by Hammarskjold on his mission. America's
John Cabot Lodge also praised the UN Secretary General for having "achieved re-
sults which mean a great deal to the world and to the peace of the world."
Hammarskjold himself made a brief statement, the highlight of which was a re-
iteration of his previously given report that "at present we are in a situation where.
we may have to break the previous chain of events." He declared his mission had laid
the groundwork, through practical steps, for further progress, and "each step we take
in the right direction may call forward similar steps from other sides and thus may
start to give direction to developments bringing us further from the risk of conflict."
The Council chamber was crowded at this meeting which was convened in an
atmosphere of expectation that the Council may at last be dealing with really fun-
damental problems affecting Israel-Arab tensions. It was quite certain that the British
resolution would be adopted unanimously with the backing of the Soviet Union.
Israel, along with Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria,. was invited to the Council
table.
The British resolution, while calling attention to Hammarskjold's work to ob-
tain a cease-fire, notes that "full compliance with the general armistice agreements
is not yet effected."
It cites three specific measures called for by the Council when it sent Hammarsk-
jold on his mission that "have been neither completely agreed upon nor put fully
into effect." These are:
1. Withdrawal of military forces by Israel and the Arab states from the demar-
cation lines: 2. Providing full freedom of movement to UN observers; and 3. Establish-
ment of local arrangements "for the prevention of incidents and the prompt detection
of any violations of the armistice agreements."
The resolution, in addition to recommending the three changes in Israel - Arab
policies and commending Hammarskjold, indorses the Secretary General's view s
"that the re-establishment of full compliance with the armistice agreements repre-
sents a stage which has to be passed in order to make progress possible on the main.
issues between the parties."
Attending Tuesday's session was Gen. E. L. M. Burns, who arrived here from Jerusalem.
In an optimistic statement Gen. Burns said: " . . since Mr. Hammarskjold's departure, the
parties have been living up to their obligations, apart from some minor incidents, and I think
there has been a relaxation of tension." The UN truce chief, however, said he saw no possibility
of early peace talks between Israel and Egypt.
American Red Cross' 75th Anniversary Recalls
.Jean Henri Dunant's Pre-Herzlian Zionist Zeal
By PH I L I- P SLOMOV I TZ
the lack of protection to medical men in war, and
On May 21, 1881, at the home of Clara Barton the failure to guarantee medical care and protection
in Washington, D.C., the foundation was laid for to soldiers by treaties of nations.
The vividness of Dunant's pictures of the
the great humanitarian movement, the American
Solferino butcheries that lasted for 15 hours
National Red Cross. It was not until June 15, 1905,
caused Ms description to be transferred to the
that the Detroit Chapter received its charter.
canvas of artists. Dunant told how the dead were
The current observance of the 75th anniversary
piled up, how the battle continued to rage, "i.n
• of the American Red Cross serves to call attention
the midst of these endless combats, these mass-
to the founding of the international movement and
acres," and "blasphemies arise in different tongues,
to the creator of the Red Cross idea.
telling of the diverse nationalities of the men,
It was in 1862 nine years before the move
many of whom are obliged to become homicides iu
ment was founded in this country that the world's
their twentieth year."
•
attention first was called to the name of Jean Henri
In his "Souvenir de Solferino," which was
Dunant, the Red Cross' founder,
translated immediately upon its publication into
Born May 8, 1828, of French-Swiss descent, every important language, Dunant asks:
Dunant from his early childhood interested himself
"Why have we thought well to recall these
in works of universal brotherhood and peace. He
scenes of grief and desolation, to recount such
traveled a great deal and
lamentable and gruesome details, and to draw such
in 1859, as a tourist, found
vivid pictures of despair?"
himself an eye-witness to
And he answered, by placing another question
one of history's
ry's most hor-
"Would it not be possible to found and organize
ruble battles. The allied
in all civilized countries permanent societies of
forces of Sardinia under
volunteers which in time of war would render
Victor Emmanuel and of
succor to the wounded without distinction of
France under Napoleon III,
s
nationality?"
aimed to throw off Aus
Only a year after the publication of his book,
tria's yoke in Northern
in 1863,. 16 nations sent their representatives to
Italy. In the battle of Sol-
Geneva to organize the International Red Cross and
ferino,
ferino, 40,000 killed and
thereby to perpetuate the name of this great
wounded gave evidence of
humanitarian.
suffering and death, and
Dunant
Dunant began his movement for the injection of
it fell to the lot of the founder of the Red Cross
a spirit of mercy in the cruelties of war with a
Society to describe, in his "Souvenir de Solferino,' practical act of his own. At Castiglioni, a village
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in the center of the French position in the collision
of the armies of Austro and Franco Sardinia, in
1859, he personally urged the French woanen and
girls to follow him to the fields that were covered
with the bodies of the dying and dead and to
offer drink to the thirsty, food to the hungry and
whatever care was possible to the wounded and
maimed. When Dunant's volunteers began to make
a search for the French and Italian wounded and
turned their backs on the unfortunate Austrians, the
founder of the Red Cross pointed out to them that
Austrians were human beings, too. "Tutti fratelli"—
all are brothers—he said to them, and with that
phrase on their lips they helped all, and in reality
established the foundation for the humanitarian idea
that was called into being by Jean Henri Dunant.
It must have been this spirit of "tutti fratelli"
that motivated Dunant's "Open Letters," in 1866,
appealing for the colonization of Palestine and the
"resurrection of the East," which, "uniting with the
new rise of religious sentiment, will be aided by the
co-operation of Israelites, whose valuable qualities
and remarkable aptitudes cannot but prove very
advantageous to Palestine.
Dunant's letter was published a year after the
publication of Moses Hess's "Rome and Jerusalem,"
but it is clear that his theories were worked out
by himsell and were not ?motivated by earlier
writings. In the plans that he worked out, and
for which he appealed to the Jewish and non-
Jewish worlds, he is one the foremost forerunners
af 1>r. Theodor Hersi and is one of the greatest
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