Brandeis-Inspired:

The Story of

Oregon's Senator

Neuberger

Special Article by
Milton Friedman
Page 4

THE JEWISH NEWS

A Weekly Review

of Jewish Events

Justice Douglas'

Gems: Hope for

Michigan's Only English-Jewish Newspaper—Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle

VOLUME 26—No. 22 .14.

17100 W. 7 Mile Rd.—VE. 8-9364—Detroit 35, February 4, 1955

A Debate:
The Name Israel
without
the 'Eretz'

the Misunderstood

Commentary, Page 2

$4.00 Per.Year Single Copy 15c

Hanging of Two Jews by Egypt
Causes New Middle East Tension

Reports, Communal
1 1 Elections,
Award, Pantomime on Program

Of Federation Annual Meeting

The 30th annual meeting of the Jewish Welfare Fed-
eration of Detroit, which will include the annual business
meetings, election, award presentation and review and
outline. reports of organization activities, will be held at
8:15 p.m. next Tuesday, in the Esther Berman Branch of
the United Hebrew Schools, 18945 Schaefer.
The Federation Women's Division will present a
pantomime production, featuring an original skit and
special cast.
Nine members-at-large nominated for the board of
governors will be elected.
The nominees, who are unopposed, are Sidney J. Allen,
Morris Garvett, Harvey H. Goldman, Mrs. Harry L. Jack-
son, Daniel A. Laven, Milton K. Mahler, Hyman. Safran,
Erwin S. Simon and James Wineman.
The Nominating Committee includes Jacob A. Citrin,
chairman; Mandell L. Berman, Mrs. John C. Hopp, Milton
M. Maddin and Emil T. Stern.
Presentation will be made of the Fred M. Butzel
Award, given in recognition of distinguished Jewish corn-
numal service.
Previous award recipients include Julian. H. Krolik,
1951; Henry Wineman, 1952; William Friedman, 1953 and
Abraham Srere, 1954.
--14a-rvey-- H, Goldman, who, with Irving W. Blumberg,
served as chairman of the 1954 Allied Jewish Campaign,
will review the 1954 Campaign leadership.
A review of Federation's activities in behalf of Jews
everywhere last year, and an outlook for Federation's 1955
program will be given by Samuel H. Rubiner, president
of Federation. Max J. Zivian, treasurer, will present the
financial report.

Direct JTA Teletype Wires to The Jewish News

JERUSALEM—A tense Parliament rose to its feet in a two-minute silent tribute

to the two Jews hanged in Cairo MOnday morning after their conviction by a military
court on charges of "espionage" in behalf of Israel. The Knesset rose after Premier
Moshe Sharett made a statement denouncing' the executions.
"The Israel nation, and the Jewish people everywhere, and seekers of justice and
peace throughout the world, heard with anger and moral indignation the dreadful
news of the execution of Dr. Moshe Marzouk and the schoolmaster Shmuel Azzar who
died martyrs' deaths this morning," the Premier declared.
"The number of Jewish victims of the odious trial in Cairo has now reached four.
One died under torture, one according to the Egyptian authorities took his own life and
two were put to death this morning. Let us rise in their memory," Mr. Sharett said,
"and convey to their families expression of our deep-felt sympathy.
"The Egyptian junta," the Premier continued, "has resolved to attempt to strength-
en its position, as against its rival from within as well as its opponents abroad, by
spilling Jewish blood. Many regimes have in the past adopted this same criminal means
and in the end sealed their own doom. Egypt has chosen to revenge itself on the Jews
in whose hearts was a longing for Israel. These victims have been sacrificed to that
same bloody assault launched against Israel from the moment of its establishment
and which Egypt's rulers continue to this day to maintain by all means at their dis-
posal."

Syria Refuses to Release Four Israelis

United Nations Truce Chief Gen. E. L M. Burns reported to Israel officials Tues-
day the failure of his latest attempt to get the Syrian authorities to release four
members of an Israel army patrol captured by the Syrians last December,
Gen. Burns said that despite his failure to obtain the release, he would continue
efforts in behalf of the men. He said that while the Syrians refused to free the men
in accordance with a request from the Israel-Syrian Mixed Armistice Commission, they
had agreed to treat the four as prisoners of war.

Hangings Condemned by ZOA President

NEW YORK—Mortimer May, president of the Zionist Organization of America,

Tuesday denounced the hanging of the two Jews in Egypt by the Egyptian govern-
ment as "an inhuman act which will be met with revulsion by civilized people through-
out the world."
In a public statement, the ZOA president termed "the hasty execution" as "not
only brutal but wholly out of proportion by the Egyptian authorities themselves."

Dangerous Situation Noted in Gaza Area

1.EL AVIV.—The Israel-Egyptian Mixed Armistice Commission expressed great

concern over the "dangerous situation" along the Israel-Egyptian border in the Gaza
Continued on Page 24

Egyptian Spy' Sentences Stir World Wide Protests

(Copyright, 1955, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.)

NEW YORK, (JTA)—Strong denunciation of the severity of the sentences
of the so-called "Zionist spies" in Egypt, coupled with warnings that such action
will aggravate already existing tensions in the Middle East, and pleas for commu•
tation, characterized initial reaction to the Cairo announcement of death sen-
tences and long prison terms'for the Jews.
The reaction was not confined to Jewish circles, but was buttressed by the
British and American press pleas and warnings. None of those commenting took
either the trial or the charges at face value, and all were in agreement that Egypt-
ian Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser had an opportunity for an act of statesmanship
in commuting the sentences, if he wanted to take it.
The actual trial of the Jews ended last December, but the verdicts were not
announced until it was approved by Col. Nasser last week.
One defendant, Max Bennet—an employee of the Anglo-Egyptian Company-
eommitted suicide while under arrest.
The two defendants sentenced- to death were Dr. Moshe Lito Marzouk, a physi-
cian at the Jewish Hospital, and Samuel Azar, a teacher. Sentences of life impris-
onment were meted out to Victor Levi, a draftsman, and Philip Natanson, a clerk
in a broker's office. Robert Dassan and Victorine Nino, were sentenced to 15 years
imprisonment at hard labor, and seven year sentences were imposed on Joseph
Zafran, an architect, and Meir Samuel Muhass, a commission agent. The two
acquitted were Elie Naiam, an employee of Cairo company, and Joseph Cohen, a
broker.
-
Abraham Dar and Paul Frank, who were among the original 13 charged with
"espionage" on behalf of Israel, were not listed in the verdict, but were carried on
the list as "fugitives."
The prosecution at the trial alleged that during the years 1951-54 Dr. Dar or-
ganized the other 12 into a group with two branches, in Cairo and Alexandria,
taking orders from Israel. The aim of the group, according to these allegations
was to communicate with Israel by wireless and to set up a workshop for "the
production of explosives," The mission of the group was to bomb or set fire to
various public buildings Cairo and Alexandria, the prosecutor said.
In Washington, a spokesman for the State Department said of the trial and
the sentences announced, that "This was a matter of internal Egyptian legal pro-
fess on which this government has no comment. I might add, however," the
spokesman continued, "that we have given the subject careful thought and have
taken that action which we consider to be appropriate under the circumstances."
No indication was given as to what the "action" mentioned may have been.
In Israel, a defense committee, considered to represent all shades of public
opinion, immediately condemned the sentence as "vindictive." In a plea for the
prisoners, the committee said, "It is not too late for the ruler of Egypt to show
Vtisdom and mercy alike by commuting these cruel sentences."
In London, Ahmed Tallat, Counsellor of the Egyptian Embassy, promised T. A.
C-oodman, political secretary of the Agudath Israel, he would convey to his gov-
ernment without delay the expression of deep sorrow and concern at the severity
Of the sentences on the part of the Agudist World Organization. In particular,
Goodman urged that clemency and moderation be shown to prevent the exacer-
bation of an already grave situation. Tallat told Goodman that many protests
had been received and that they had been conveyed to the proper authorities.

The Board of Deputies. of British Jews issued a statement_ expressing its

shock at the severity of the sentences and appealing far clemency. "Humanitarian
feelings throughout the world," the Board said, "will be shocked by the savage
sentences."
The Manchester Guardian, in an editorial on the Cairo sentences, said, "By
the death sentences upon two Jews accused of espionage in Cairo and the sen-
tence of life imprisonment upon two others, the Egyptian government has made
worse a situation already dangerous. The paper described as "curious procedure"
the fact that the verdicts were not made public until their approval by Premier
Nasser and added that the "... apparent reason is that the Egyptian government
wanted to avoid publicity over an appeal. Commutation of the sentences would
be an act of statesmanship. The trial was not simply a judicial process but has
been part of complex Middle East politics of the last few months and the sen-
tences may have been made more severe because the domestic and foreign diffi-
culties of the Nasser government have increased during the last week."
The Guardian continued by saying, "Taken at their lowest estimate, the sen-
tences are a demonstration that Egypt will not enter into peace negotiations with
Israel. This conforms with recent statements by Egyptian leaders . . . Egypt has
made its point clear. It can only bring itself into discredit by executing its Jewish
prisoners after a trial which excited grave doubts in those who read the pro-
ceedings."
The
Cairo correspondent reported that the sentences "seem sur-
prisingly severe to observers here" and the delay in announcing them "seemed to
indicate uncertainty in official quarters about what action to take, with the prob-
ability that some light sentences might be imposed, especially since authorities
here have come to appreciate the stir which the trial caused abroad." Officially,
the correspondent continued, there can be no appeal against sentences though
"it is expected that pleas for clemency will be made."
In initial reaction in the United States, the New York Times said in an edi-
torial that the Middle Eastern defense situation "is further complicated by the con-
viction of eight Jewish prisoners in Cairo on charges of spying for Israel, two of
them being sentenced to death. Israel, left out of Middle Eastern defense plans
strenuously opposes any Western aid to the Arab states, and the execution of the
prisoners could easily aggravate existing animosities, from which only the Com-
munists can gain. It might be wise as well as humane if Egypt would temper
justice with mercy and thereby ease the tensions that now affect the Middle
East."
The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, in a telegram from
its president, Moses Feuerstein, to President Eisenhower, asked the United
States Government to use its good offices to seek clemency for those sentenced to
death. The telegram said the sentence "violates humanitarian considerations and
democratic justice and imperils the maintenance of peace in the Middle East."
In Paris, the Executive Committee of the World Jewish Congress asked Egypt
to commute the death sentences of the two convicted men. In Rome, the United
Jewish Committee and Rabbinical Council issued an appeal to the Italian people
requesting intervention "in the most appropriate forms with those from whose
final decision the destiny of life or death for two human beings depends, with a
view to avoiding bloodshed and the addition of new victims to a long martyrized

people."