German Medal to Krauss Recalls
History of Anti-Semitic Acts

By SAM MITLER

(Copyright, 1954, JTA, inc..)

BERLIN—West Germany has
seen fit to bestow one of its
highest decorations upon an ac-
tor identified with the most odi-

ous manifestations of Jew-bait-
ing seen on the Nazi stage and
screen.
Werner Krauss, a theatrical
figure who has in the, public
mind become the very symbol of

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the eager "cultural" auxiliaries
and fomenters of Jew-hatred
and murder, was awarded the
impressive Grand Cross of Merit I
on the occasion of his 70th birth-
day by the head of Berlin's cul-
tural and educational affairs,
Senator Tiburtius, after a gala
performance at the Schiller The-
ater here.
This demonstrative homage
marks another milestone on the
road of forgive-and-forget. For
the first time, the Bonn govern-
ment has officially accorded one
of the most eminent honors at
its command to someone whose
anti-Semitic zeal is a matter of
public record.
Who Is Werner Krauss?
Ever since 1913, Krauss has
basked in the adoration of Ber-
lin's theater-going public. When
the Nazis took over, he was so
prominent that he did not need
to curry favor with them.

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In the early 'forties, when
the deportation of Germany's
Jews was under way to the gas
chambers of Poland, Nazi
Propaganda Minister Goebbels
felt the need of smothering
any lingering German com-
punctions. The vehicle he
chose was a film designed to
insinuate that, since Jews are
and always have been innate-
ly criminal, their elimination
is a measure of self-defense
and a good thing.

To provide a semblance of ob-
jectivity, he used—without per-
mission and in a warped version
—a novel by Lion Feuchtwanger,
the Munich Jewish author who is
now a resident of California.
Goebbels' "Jew Suess" appeared
on the screen as the sex-suffus-
ed tale of an . obnoxious court
Jew who corrupts the currency,
despoils the treasury, battens
on the people and uses his fi-
nancial leverage to seduce and
rape German girls.
Werner Krauss had no such
scruples when he was asked to
star in this pseudo-historical
spectacle, produced as an invi-
tation to murder at the very
time European Jewry passed
through the valley of death. He
played, with the acting prowess
that transmuted his perform-
ance into so sinister a Nazi
weapon, not one but five Jewish
roles.
"Jew Suess," the masterpiece
of Nazi "cultural" anti-Semitism,
was exhibited throughout Ger-
man-occupied Europe. Compul-
sory showings were given to the
German Labor Front, to the
Hitler Youth, to the League of
German Girls.
Krauss felt little sense of
shame about his role. He ex-
pressed perfunctory regrets, bid-
ed his time, schemed and in-
trigued to secure "character wit-
nesses," then launched his come-
back first in Austria, next in
West Germany and finally, in
December of 1950, in West Ber-
lin.

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Run Out of Town

He arrived there, with a Vi-
enna cast, for a five-night stand
in an Ibsen play, confident that
he would be received with open
arms. The best and most mili-
tant democrats made it clear
that they considered public ap-
pearances by Krauss an intoler-
able provocation.

For several days, a "state of
siege', prevailed in the thea-
ter's fashionable neighborhood.
Although police cordoned off
the entire area, sporadic riot-
ing persisted. For the evening
of the fourth appearance, a
mass protest rally was called.

At the last m i n u t e, Krauss
bowed to the gathering storm
and, cancelling further perform-
ances, left town.
Never before or since in post-
war Germany has a prominent
German been repudiated in so
mighty a demonstration, solely
because of his record as a propa-
gator of anti - Semitism. To
friend and foe alike, Werner
Krauss became a symbol—for
better or for worse.
He was still a symbol three
years later when, after a gala
performance in his honor held
in Berlin's most important the-
ater, the Grand Cross of Merit
of the German Federal Republic
was ceremoniously conferred up-
on him.
But this time, there was no
demonstration.

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