The Jews in Russian History S4---DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, September 11, 1953 Florinsky Describes Origin of the Pale and Discrimination Michael T. Florinsky, in his two volume "Russia: A History and an Interpretation," (Mac- millan) makes . frequent men- tion of the position of Jews un- der the Czars. Considering the highly valu- able data already available in Simeon Dubnow's histories of the Jews in Poland and Russia, Mr. Florinsky's history, exceed- ingly good in itself, can not be considered as of tremendous im- portance for those doing re- search on the subject of Russian Jewry. The history. itself, monu- mental, is worthy of the many years of study and compilation conducted by the able author. It is a result of sincere and de- voted work, and the facts com- piled will be helpful in guiding the reader towards an under- standing of the years covered— from the earliest times in Russia until March 1918. As in all histories of Russia, Mr. Florinsky makes mention of the Judaization of the Khazars. He devotes considerable space to the activities of the Judaizers in Russia in the 15th century, their conflict with churchmen, the disputations between the Juda- izers who "proved to be better theologians than their oppon- ents" and the leniency of the Moscow government toward -.; th em. very basis of the national and religious organization that had safeguarded the identity of the nation through centuries of dis- persion and persecution." But a footnote indicates that this law perpetuated the Pale of Settlement, that Jews were barred from agriculture and from distilling beverages. Then there is another important foot - note, relating to legislation in 1835, which reveals the follow- ing facts: Trouble began for the Jews in Russia with the decree of Dec. 2, 1742, which prohibited them from residing there and ordered them to leave unless they embraced the Greek Or- thodox faith. "There is no evi- dence, however," the author tells us, "that the government actually attempted to enforce the Draconian law." Personal Instruction "Although the school legis- lation of this period contained no discrimination against Jews, the number of Jewish students • in Russian schools remained small. Of some 15,000 students enrolled in 58 gym- nasiums in 1853, only 155 were Jews. Nicholas was no friend of the Jews, whom he de- scribed in his diary in 1816 as `regular leeches'. The policy of his reign was to bring about the assimilation of the Jews through the elimination of their 'religious fanaticism and racial exclusiveness.' " - I NORTHLAND DRIVER TRAINING • AAA Driver Training Institute Graduate • Professional Certified Teacher • Dual-Control Training Car • Jews from schools, from trades and professions. The concluding chapter, deal- ing with the two revolutions of 1917, tells that "for the first time In Russian history Jews acquired full civic rights." Thus: the end of Czarism. Florinsky tells Russia's story well. The sudden appearanee of about 50 new anthologies in bookstores this year led Ben Hecht to remark: "If you steal one man's stuff, it's plagiarism. If you steal that of several men, it's research." Dorothy Parker recently defined anthologists as lazy fellows who like to spend a quiet evening at home "raiding a good book." LIBERMANS Happy New Year! 12162 DEXTER ********************w "With A Smile And A Song" TO. 6-9804 Yiddish Theater Revue! DEXTER THEATER Sammy Woolf Burlingame Dexter at Is Proud to Present .. IN PERSON ON ITS STAGE CHAIM TAUBE Detroit's Favorite Jewish-American Musical Comedy Star And Co-Starring the Famous Actress TE. 4-7730 or WE. 4-3663 sit♦••♦♦1♦♦♦♦••♦ •••••• ♦♦ 4 Sunday and Evenings Included Thoughts on Plagiarism ory acts, the later rules barring Your I Entertaining M. C. Available Now With HIE ♦ Orchestra and Entertainment Saul H. Sinkoff UN. 2-4033 In CELIA BOODKIN His Prize Winning Play . . . Heard on THE AMERICAN JEWISH HOUR over WJLB "LIFE IS A DREAM" Good Cheer on the Holiday FINS AND FEATHERS AND ON OUR SCREEN . . The funniest picture ever "MOLLY" "Look for the Blinking Fish" Jews were restricted from set- tlement on land in Russia by decree of Oct. 16, 1752, which threw open the country's large expanses to foreigners "except the Jews." This is how the Pale of Settlement came into being: "As a result of the annexa- tion of the Polish provinces, SEA FOOD AND CHICKEN Starring Gertrude Berg (Mrs. Goldberg) and Her Entire Radio and TV Family 20850 West Seven Mile at Burt Rd. STARTING SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 19th THROUGH SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27th KEnwnod 3-9742 Late Show Saturday and Sunday, Sunday from I P.M. Admission: Adults 96c, Children 29c plus tax WHERE TO DINE Greetings for the New Year from with their large Jewish popu- lation, the position of the Jews was legalized, but the so- lution adopted had little in common with the principles of the Enlightenment. The Jews, who had formerly been pro- hibited from residing in Rus- sia (except, after 1769, in the province of Novorossisk), were permitted to settle in specified areas, subject to the payment of taxes higher than those borne by the Christian popu- lation. There thus came into being the 'Jewish pale,' which remained a distinct feature of Russian constitutional ar- rangements until the end of the empire." Thus it was: endless anti- Semitism and untold sufferings in Jewish ranks, as the second volume of Florinsky's work shows. In his analysis of the educa- tional laws of Russia, Mr. Flor - insky speaks of Jews "still fan- rttically attached to an ancient tradition of racial and religious exclusiveness." He was speak- ing of the law of Dec. 9, 1804, which supposedly liberalized legislation, removing restrictions for students eligible for univer- sity degrees. "The Jewish com- munities," according to Mr. Flor- insky, "interpreted the law as an attempt at destroying the The author himself is a victim of the charge of "Fanaticism" against Russian Jews. The fact is that in the period described all the people involved could have been spoken of as suffering from a measure of fanaticism. The Jewish position, aggravated as it was by horrible persecu- tions in Russia, was affected by discrimination which forced the people to resort to many means necessary for self-preservation. Mr. Florinsky unfortunately overlooks this fact in his other- wise scholarly work which is de- ficient in its treatment of the Jewish problem. However, the reader must take into account the fact that he did not write a Jewish history, and for that he must go to Dubnow. 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