Purely Commentary By PHILIP SLOMOVITZ James Madison and Classic Virtues of Our Founding Fathert In this age of witch-hunting, of "guilt by accusation," of the invocation of false principles, every resort to the basic ideal's of our democracy is a contribution to the cause of a safer America and a better existence for all who make up this great land. Dr. Saul K. Padover, dis- tinguished scholar, dean of the School of Politics of the New School for Social Research, makes a major contribution to democracy's ideals with his lat- est book, "The Complete Madi- son: His Basic Writings." This Harper - published v o 1 u m e, ire which Dr. Padover has incor- porated and edited the Madi- sonian thoughts, is as valuable for the brilliant analysis of Madison's life and works as for his ideas. It is a timely work that should be read by all who today fearlessly fight against in- fringement upon free thinking and free expression. James Madison "As one of the major architects of the American democracy, he (Madison) deserves to be better known than he is," Dr. Padover states. Readers of this column will recall that our reviews of Irving Brant's books on Madison already had supported this viewpoint. We continue to invite increased interest in Madisonian ideals which have enlisted us among his great admirers. We share the viewpoint of Dr. Padover that "he was a man of almost classic virtues—a statesman, a selfless patriot, and a political philosopher who was in the fortunate position of being able to translate his thought into living institutions." His basic contribution was the establishment of freedom of religion in this country. Dr. Padover's explanation of this great gift to human freedom, in his introduction, should be read and studied by all libertarians. We quote it: "The idea of the need and desirability of a large number of divided and balancing interests, whether material or mental, also underlay Madison's attitude toward religion and property. He shared with Jefferson a lifelong passion for religious free- dom and distrust of any and every kind of clericalism. History taught him that established churches, relying upon the power of the state, created 'ignorance and corruption.' The exercise of religion, he insisted, should be completely separated from government so that every person would be free to worship, or not to worship, where, how, and what he pleased. Man, he said, 'is accountable to his God alone,' and not to any priest or hierarchy. Complete religious liberty for every individual and every sect, Madison argued, would not only free the human mind from that 'religious bondage (that) shackles and debili- tates it, and unfits it for every noble enterprise,' but would also lead to harmony in society. Instead of any one church, Madison, therefore, favored a multiplicity of sects, because the existence of a,larg-e number of religions would, among other things, pre- vent anyone from dominating the others. "Madison was, to a large extent, histrumental in establish- ing 'freedom of religious opinion and worship' in the United States. In the first Virginia Constitution, which he helped to draw up, he inserted the provision for the 'free exercise of religion according to the dictates of conscience.' In 1785, when an attempt was made in the Virginia legislature to impose a tax on the people .for the support of 'teachers of the Chris- tian religion,' Madison led a masterful and successful attack on the bill. In the course of that conflict he wrote A Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious -Assessments, which still remains a classic statement of religious freedom." We have referred time and again to this Remonstrance in our frequent evaluations of the struggle to keep church and state separate. This Memorial and the,-Madisonian and Jeffersonian views on the subject should be made compulsory reading in our schotils. We know of no better defense of our basic liberties. How did Madison propose to protect society against encroach- ments of a potentially ignorant majority which could be swayed by some demagogue?" Dr. Padover explains: "Madison knew from history that such a peril did exist; he adMitted that liberty was often lost through what he called the 'licentiousness' of turbulent majorities, and that frequently in the past the 'majority trampled on the rights of the minority' and thereby produced despotism. But the answer, Madison argued, lay not in depriving the people at large of any voice in the government but in increasing group interest and participa- tion. Here again Madison's concept of balance came into play. In essence, he said, the more you divide interests and spread powers, the safer you are. Large numbers of special interests, whether deriving from property or opinion, will not easily com- bine into a majority that would threaten the minority." Selections from Madison's thoughts referring to Jews, in Dr. Padover's "Complete Madison," include a letter the fourth Presi- dent wrote in 1820 to, Jacob de la Motta, of Savannah, Ga., as follows: "The history of the Jews must forever be interesting. The modern part of it is, at the same time so little generally known, that every ray of light on the subject has its value. "Among the features peculiar to the Political system of the U. States, is the perfect equality of rights which it secures to every religious Sect. And it is particularly pleasing to observe in the good citizenship of such as have been most distrusted and oppressed elsewhere, a happy illustration of the safety and success of this experiment of a just & benignant policy. Equal laws protecting equal rights, are found as they ought to be presumed, the best guarantee of loyalty & love of country; as well as best calculated to cherish that mutual respect & good will among Citizens of every religious denomination which are necessary to social harmony and most favorable to the advance- ment of truth. The account you give of the Jews of your Con- gregation brings them fully within the scope of these obser- vations." In this connection, this must be added: Madison, like Jeffer- son, favored absolute religious equality. They were opposed to clericalism. That did not make them irreligious or anti-religious. But they adhered to a principle that a person should have the `right to worship as he pleases, or not to worship at all if he so chooses. Such principles made our country great. Dr. Padover, by making these views available in his splendidly edited book, once again has brought to the attention of Americans this noteworthy gift of our great Republic to human liberty: the principle of religious freedom, 2 — DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, July 3, 1953 Immigration Committee Defeats McCarran's Stalling Tactics on Bill WASHINGTON, JTA) Mem- bers of the Senate Judiciary Committee, responding to a White House emergency plea, are seeking action on a long-stalled administration bill to admit 240,000 refugees in the next two years. Informed sources said Presi- dent Eisenhower intervened per- sonally after a resolution back- ed by Sen. Pat McCarran was adopted to prevent the commit- tee from taking action before July 2. Chairman William Langer called t h e committee into a secret session on the pe- tition of a majority of members who overrode the McCarran delaying tactic. It was learned that President Eisenhower informed influen- tial Republican Senators that the administration regards passage of the refugee measure as a vital device in U. S. psycho- logical warfare operations aimed at encouraging anti-Commun- ist elements in4 Soviet satellite countries. Eight members of the committee petitioned for im- mediate action. Ben-Gurion States Religious Girls Must Do Military Service JERUSALEM, (JTA)—A delega- tion of rabbis visited Premier David Ben-Gurion and appealed to him against the implemen- tation of the law for military service for religious girls. The Premier told the rabbis that the law will be implemented in a manner that "no mother will shed any tears" over the fact that her daugher is performing military duties. Riley Asks Near East Cooperation with New UN Truce Supervisor JERUSALEM, (JTA)—a. Gen. William E. Riley, laying down his responsibilities after a five- year tour of duty as United Nations truce supervisor, this week called on the peoples of the Near East to place their full confidence in h i s successor, Maj. Gen. Vagn Bennike. Before his de- . Riley parture, the Is: raeli Foreign Minister presented Gen. Riley with a first century vase as a gift in appreciation for his "efforts in behalf of the cause of peace in the Middle East." The vase was presented to Gen. Riley when he paid his last courtesy visit to the Minis- try prior to his departure for the United States. Gen. Riley left the Middle East as the security situation continued tense and Israel faced a continuing series of violations of her borders. The latest incident was an ambush by Arab infiltrees at Beth Anakubah, near Kiryat Anavim, in which one watchman was killed and a second severely wounded. A police detachment, accompanied by UN observers, tracked the infiltrees to a near- by Arab village. Israel Leaders in France To. Sign Trade Agreement PARIS, (JTA) — Negotiations for the conclusion of an Israel- French commercial treaty have started here at the French For- eign Office. A delegation of Is- rael experts representing the Foreign Ministry and the Treas- ury Department are participat- ing in the talks. Israel Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett arrived in France on the Israel ship "Jerusalem" to spend several days resting in Southern France prior to his. return to. Is, rael on the same ship, Manischewitz Gives Books for Detroit Jewish Libraries to Hebrew Schools • .. As part of its nationwide program of participation in Jewish cultural and educational activities, the B. Manischewitz Co., matzo bakers and producers of kosher foods, recently presented to the United Hebrew Schools of Detroit, copies of "My Mission In Israel" by Dr. James G. MacDonald, first United States Ambasador to Israel. The books will be distributed to. Jewish libraries through- out the Detroit area. Left to right in the photo: ALBERT ELAZAR associate superintendent, United Hebrew Schools; ABRAHAM SHARP, of National Wholesale Grocers Co., 8938 12th St., Detroit distributor for - Manischewitz products, and BERNARD ISAACS, superintendent, United Hebrew Schools. Between You and Me By BORIS SMOLAR. (Copyright, 1953, Seven Arts Feature Syndicate) Jewish Agency Trends All indications point to the fact that practically all Zionist groups in the United States are favorably inclined toward Dr,. Nahum Goldmann's proposal to invite American non-Zionist leaders to join the Jewish Agency . . . There is some hesitation in the ranks of the Zionist Organization of America, but even ZOA leaders admit that something must be done to bring the non- Zionists elements who are friendly to Israel into the picture . American Zionist Laborites are outspokenly in favor of an en- larged Jewish Agency ... Hadassah leadership agrees the Zionist movement should be ready to admit into the Agency a few lead- ing non-Zionists active in the fund-raising field . . . Mizrachi leadership indicates it will not oppose the inclusion of non-Zion- ists into the Agency in New York ... Even American Zionists- Revisionists favor consideration of Dr. Goldmann's plan for co- opting non-Zionists into the Jewish Agency executive . . . The matter will be one of the major subjects of discussion at the plenary session of the Jewish Agency executive this week in Jeru- salem . . . Among participants in this session are heads of Zion- ist groups in the United States who are not members of the Agency's executive . . . Should all Zionist groups at the Jerusalem session agree to broaden the Agency executive, invitations to join will be extended to non-Zionist leaders in the United States on an individual basis . .. Such invitations will go especially to ac- tive figures in fund-raising, including leading non-Zionists active in local Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds in the larger com- munities... The-system of inviting non-Zionists in their personal capacities rather than as representatives of the organizations with which they are affiliated will, in all probability, be pre- ferred because the question of inviting organizations-is very com- plex . . . All in all, it can be expected that before this year is over, the Jewish Agency executive in New York will definitely have a number of non-Zionists in its ranks. Zionist Problems The future of the American Zionist movement is being de- cided this week in Israel in talks between leaders of the Israel government and leaders of the major Zionist parties in America. . . . The view of the Israel Premier is that the party system in countries outside of Israel cannot continue to be the basic pillar of the Zionist movement .... This coincides fully with the stand taken by Dr. Nahum Goldmann that if the Zionist movement in the United States is to survive as a dynamic force, it must be cemented into one territorial union . . . This does not mean the, abolition of ideological trends, but it means the formation of one central Zionist body representing the entire Zionist movement and carrying out the Zionist tasks . . . Dr. Goldmann advanceS the argument that a Zionist movement in America organized into a territorial unit could fight as one body for real Zionist prin- ciples instead of being swayed by fund-raising and practical con- tingencies . . . ZOA and Hadassah fear they may lose their pres ent influence in a merged movement, and their presidents, who are among Vie American Zionist leaders summoned to Jerusalem now, will argue against the merging of all Zionist groups into one territorial federation . . However, they may return to New YOrk in. a different mood than when they left . . . The present talks in Jerusalem may not soften them up to a point of completely sur- rendering their- opposition to the idea of merging all Zionist groups in the United States into a territorial federation, but they may pave the way for some understanding on this issue . Whatever the outcome of the talks, the work of expanding the American Zionist Council as an instrument of unified Zionist ex- pression, will definitely be speeded up after the Jerusalem parley. Fund - Raising Issues. The problem of how to coordinate the United Jewish Appeal campaign with the drive for the sale of Israel bonds is no longer considered a problem as far as leaders in major cities are con- cerned It is by now taken for granted that the UJA has the upper hand in most communities and that no conflict between the two drives—such as the one that took place last year—can occur now . . However, the Israel government wishes to be sure that the two drives do not clash, especially since it contemplates continuing the bond drive for a few more years . . Hence, Israel Finance Minister Levi Eshkol, during his recent visit to the United States, sought an arrangement under which both drives would be put under a supreme authority . • . In this he did not succeed. .. He left for Israel with vague plans and with the idea that he would later summon the leaders of UJA and bond drive to Israel to continue discussing these plans . . . There is very little enthusi- asm here among the parties concerned fol. Mr. Eshkol's sugges- tions .. . Certain of his opinions are considered out of line with opinions expressed by .American., Jewish leaders interested in the two drives. .