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Ibn Gabirol, a number o f i
Friday, September 19, 1952.
whose piyyutim are emb
26—THE JEWISH NEWS
i n T
t hhe e hig s t holiday al ri t usr odied
eggym
. e n t rich anthology of Hebrew Litur-
gy, 'Jews find spiritual security.
of the Rosh Hashanah service
It gives those who observe the
is the recital of "Unesaneh
Tokef." Composed by Rabbi high holy day season with de-
Meshullam ben Kalonymos of votion and earnestness some-
By HARRY CUSHING
century, was the compiler of an- Mayence about 1,000 C. E., the thing of that undying hope with
Copyright, 1952, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Inc.
other prayer book, and Moses meditation had its origin in which Jews ha v e sustained
Maimonides gives the order of a 'manuscript attributed to themselves through the ages.
The observance of Rosh Ha- strength for countless gener-
prayers for the whole year at Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn. Kal-
shanah and Yom Kippur recall - ations to come.
the
end of the second book of onymos is said to have pub-
When
the
second
Temple
was
that to each generation the holy-
lished the famous liturgical
days and festivals have brought built, the synagogue continued his "Yad Hachazakah."
While the above compila-
hope, cheer and beauty to Jew- to function alongside of it. It
poem as a. memorial to Rabbi
tions
were
the
origins
for
the
Amnon of Mayence, who met a
ish living. It is an accepted pre- spread in the early Diaspora,
martyr's death because he re-
mise the the Jewish people could long before the destruction of present traditional Siddur or
daily prayer book, the source
fused to give up his faith.
not have survived through many little Judea by the hordes of
centuries • of persecution and Titus. There were synagogues in book for the high holiday ser-
The prayers, hynins, litanies,
Hotel
wandering had they not been Rome and there were synagogues vice is the Machzor. It differs petitions and supplications, cre-
Extends
from
the
Sidclur
in
that
it
so devoted to their Sabbath and in Alexandria, that great out-
ated by more than 2,000 paye-
To all our Friends
holy days. post of Hellenic culture. In every contains, in addition to. the tanim or liturgical poets, who
usual
prayers,
the
religious
Holiday
Greetings
community
where
Jews
settle
d
To enhance the Jew's loyalty
were active from the fifth to the
poetry of some of the great 16th
they built
their synagogues.
and Best Wishes for
to the heritage of his ancestors When
the second
Temple was literary
centuries,
have
made
the
personalities of Jewish
the New Year
a broad range of religious litera-
synagogue the collective treas-
literary history.
—Max Benkowitz
ture has developed and has be- destroyed in the year 70, the
ure-house
of
the
Jewish
religious
Simcha ben Samuel of Vitry, genius.
come part and parcel of Jewish synagogue actually replaced it
On the Ocean at
and became the "Mikdash M'At" France, was the compiler of the! The impressive ideologies of
observance and ceremony.
54th St, Miami Beach
—the "Small Sanctuary."
first Machzor which has be- , Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kip-
Of the whole year's Jewish
Since the Jews were the first come known in liturgical his- pur are bound up within the
liturgical literature, that of
Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kip- to divorce prayer from sacrifice, tory as Machzor Vitry. Rabbi pages of the Machzor. In this
pur has become among the they were the first to evolve Simcha claimed to • be a disciple
more precious heirlooms of Jew- the modes and manners of pub- of Rashi, the noted commenta-
Aaron 311111 1l u)'2
ish ceremony. Into the liturgy lic worship as the world knows tor. The first Machzor was based
The modern Machzor is ac-
of these days are the finest re- them now. From the simple re-
Heartiest Wishes on the New Year
ligious literary gems which re- citations of Biblical selections, tually a combination of the daily
to Our Relatives and Friends
veal the soul of a Jew, in all its there evolved, through the cen- prayer book with the addition
aud to the Entire Jewish Communitv
turies,
a
whole
liturgy.
The
old-
of a large collection of religious
spiritual grandeur.
est order of prayer service in poetic writings of rabbis, poets,
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Seltzer
The history of Jewish liturgy
the synagogue included, along philosophers of the Middle Ages
goes back to days of the Holy
with instruction in the Torah, primarily in Spain, France, Ger-
Harry's Restaurant
Temple in Jerusalem, when private devotions.
2753 Yemans
many and England.
prayers, notably the Psalms,
These devotions were spon-
These special poetic writings,
Hamtramck
accompanied sacrifices. It was
taneous, usually following the the greatest number of which
during the Babylonian Exile,
recitation of the Shema. Even are found in the Rosh Hashanah
•
when Jews assembled on the
when the 18 benedictions were and Yom Kippur services, are
sabbaths and festivals, that
agreed
upon,
toward
the
end
of
known
as
Piyyutim.
In
the
fifth
prayer became an indispens-
the first Century C.E. the word- or sixth centuries, while Greek
able factor in Jewish religious
ing remained flexible for cen- was still the ruling language of
life. It was in Bablylonia that
turies. There continued to be a Palestine, the Greek title of
the shift took place from sac-
deliberate tendency to keep the Poetes (poet) was taken by Jews
rifices to prayers. Instead of
synagogue prayers fresh and who wrote hymns for public
the sacrificial cult there de-
fluid. According to Rabbi Aha, worship. Poetes later took on in
The most exciting .
veloped in Babylonia the syn-
of the fourth century, the de- Hebrew the form Paietan (or
•
agogue, the source of Israel's
the most complete
votions were modified with Paytan) and the poetic writing
something new each day.
selection we have ever
became known as Piyyut.
The first great liturgical col-
The Piyyutim for the various
offered for you to see!
lection was the Seder Rav Am- h olidays stress the significance
ram. Rabbi Amram ben Sheshna, o f the day being observed. The
Yom Kippur
who flourished during the sec- P iyyutim of Rosh Hashanah and
and half of the ninth century, Y om Kippur are strikingly noted
Monday, Sept. 29
was head of the academy in b y their continuous reference to
Veterans Memorial Bldg.
Sura. The Siddur or Order of judgment, which is believed to
Imports , Flannels .. .
151 W. Jefferson
Prayers of Rabbi Amram be- be prepared by God on the for-
Gabardines ..
12 noon until 1 :30 p.m.
came the basis for the daily and mer and sealed on the later.
Tweeds „
FREE
and 4 p.m. until 4:30 p.m.
Sabbath services and as the cen- God as king, who is greeting
turies -,.- assed, changes and addi- with thA sound of the Shofar,
Everyone Welcome
PARKING
tions were made.
the Ram's Horn, runs through
Free Admission
upwards -
National
There were others after Am- many compositions arranged for
Rabbi Rosenwasser and
Garages
ram who compiled collections of Rosh Hashanah. In the Yom
Louis Paul officiating
Kippur
Piyyutim
there
is
a
spe-
Cass and
the
prayer
service
for
use
in
the
Rosh Hashanah Eve Service
home and synagogue. Saadia cial concentration on the idea of
at 7:30 p.m.
Lafayette
Gaon, who lived in the tenth God setting mercy above judg-
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Wish all their relatives and friends
A year of health and happiness

Hy Freedman's Market

18279 LIVERNOIS

THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

conscious of its traditions as defender of civil rights and

as adherent to the highest traditions of our republic, re-

affirms its faith in American ideals and pledges to protect

them.

The Republican leaders in Wayne County and the

State of Michigan join in extending sincerest wishes for a

HAPPY NEW YEAR

to the Jewish communities of Michigan

The oldest Payetan known
by name is Jose ben Jose,
known also as Jose Hayatom
or the Orphan. who was a
contemporary of Saadia Gaon.
Among his writings are "Aha-
lelah" which is inserted in the
Musaf of the second day of
Rosh Hashanah. Another fine
example of Jose's writing is
"Ya-aleh" which is sung to a -
haunting tune on Yom Kippur
eve.

Among the earlier payetanim
whose writings have found their
way into the high holiday mach-
zor is Yannai who lived in the
early eighth century. •He is said
to have been the teacher of the
most prolific and popular of the
old payetanim, Eliazer Kalir,
who wrote hundreds of religious
poems.
The high holiday liturgy is in-
terspersed with a large number
of Kalir's writings. There is a
legend which relates that Yan-
nai, Kalir's teacher, became en-
raged at the latter's success and
caused his death by throwing a
serpent into his shoes.
Jekuthiel ben Moses of Speyer
(11th century) wrote "Me'sode
Chachamim" which is part of
the opening of the cantor's re-
petition of the Scharit Amidah
on Rosh Hashanah morning.
Another • example of the high
holiday liturgical poetry is S'lach
nah Ashamot" recited on Yom
Kippur eve and written by Rabbi
Meir of Rothenberg, one of the
famed Lights of the Exile.
To recall the martyrdom of
the Jews in York, England,. on
March 16, 1189, during the reign
of Richard I (the Lionhearted),
the Yom Kippur eve liturgy in-
cludes "Ammam Kane," written
by Rabbi Yom Tob of Joigny
who died with his flock in that
historic massacre.
A most familiar name among
Jewish liturgical poets is Solo-

2nd FLOOR DAVID STOTT BLDG.
Griswold at State

Best Wishes

for a

Happy New Year

From the Staff of the

GROSS REALTY COMPANY

Harry I Gross

Wm. W. Cross

Roy .1. Bankf

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Chas. McClinton

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Edward McDonnell

Alvin J. Duncan

David Phillips

Leo Eagle

Jos. R. Young

Clifton E. Ealy

Diane G. Elbinger

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Adele German

Elizabeth Friedman

Marie Hanky

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