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Friday; Augusf 25 , : 1944

NEWS

Prokress o Sdbbailt Obseivam'ce

r eat Man Describes a Great Case

Movntent 'R e ported by Mrs. Sperkct

Former. Gov . Lehman Describes
1Pro40-ant Af Relief to Liberated

Fifty-One Stores in 12th St. and Dexter Sections Novi
be'
Close on the Sabb,ifh; Year's Acti ■ tities
.
Resumed at Rally on Wednesday, Sept:6

By HERBERT H. LEHMAN

Difector

General, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
s.
Administration

.

The former Governor of New York, one of the out-
standing philanthropists in the world, is now serving as Di-
rector General of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
Administration.
In the following statement, which includes excerpts from
his article on "Relief for the Liberated" in the August issue
of Free World, Mr. Lehman outlines the activities of UNRRA.

Pointing to a year of success-
ful activities, the Women's
League for Sabbath -Observance
this week announced resumption
of efforts to assure that t h e
Sabbath day will be honored in
the community.
The year's program will be
inaugurated on Wednesday, Sept.
6, at 12:30 p.m., with a rally
which will be addressed by
Rabbi Joshua S. Sperka.
It was stated this week by
Mrs. Isadore Levin, chairman of
the' 12th St. Branch of the Sab-
bath Observance League,' that
eight new stores are closing on
the Sabbath in that section and
three more in the Dexter sec-
tion, making a total of 51 'stores
in the city who are observing
the Sabbath.
Rolyday Drive
During the month of Elul, a
Holyday drive has been launched
by the league in , cooperation
with the lodal rabbis to encour-
age Sabbath observance.
In her report regarding t h e
League's achievements during
the past two years, Mrs. J. S.

supplies that are needed from outside the country,
One of the basic freedoms without which the
•
to re-establish welfare services, to bring farm and
others become impossible is freedom from, want.
factory production back to full volume. Those
Only those who are free -froth 'want can be free
countries which have foreign exchange resources
from fear. Only those who are free from fear
toobtry the necessary goods in the markets of the
are likely to accord freedom - of speech and of
world will use thase resources. To the extent that
religion to their fellow men.
their own resources are sufficient they will not
Recognizing that freedom from want is essen-
draw 'on the United Nations' pool of supplies and
tial, the 44 United and Associated Nations last
funds for relief. Such countries as France, Bel=
year joined together to help the liberated people
gium, Holland, Norway, which do have some for- .
establish this freedom surely and quickly. So that
-eion exchange resources, will levy but lightly on
the postwar settlements and new arrangements in
the international funds for goods.
many fields—political and economic, educational
But these countries too will be the scene of
and cultural—might be made in an atmosphere of
many services carried on by our international
calm and deliberation, not in one of desperation
agency in the interest of world health and hu-
and chaos, the United Nations last November
banded together in a compact, setting up UNRRA mane treatment of unfortunate individuals. One is
the UNRRA Deplaced Persons operation. Through
--the United NAtions Relief and Rehabilitation.
Administration. This compact pledges the un- - it, we will assist in the repatriation of great masses
of unfortunate people, estimated at some 20 mil-
invaded nations to help the liberated nations bind
up the wounds of war and make the earliest . pos- -. lions in Europe alone., who have been driven from
their own countries by the nazi design for disrupt-
sible start on getting normal peacetime supplies
ing European civilization. This service will op-
of the necessittmoi life to their people once again.
erate in most countries of Europe and many of
UNRRA's Broad Policies
Asia. So will our preventive medical program
for stopping epidemics •by cleaning up the smold-
• Obviously, the purpose is to put those ne-
ering plague spots of disease left behind y nazi
cessities within the reach of liberated people so
design, and . by helping apply continuous sanita-
that they may not have to turn their . sole attention
tion' arid: cittararitine; meaSures.. - So. probably will
to the struggle for immediate physical survival.
our program for joining with the voluntary relief
If the peacetime international understandings are
agencies of the civilized world in helping the peo-
reached in that. sort of an atmosphere they are
ple natidri by nation 'Set up once again their own
not likely to be wisely formulated or to laSt very
long. On the other hand, if the peace can be made " self-help organizations for aiding the weak and
the stricken and the' helpless.
in a world where the scarce goods of daily life
are fairly shared. among the nations, and those
A Balancing Program
countries that have been devastated are given the
help needed to start up again; a world where the
Bitt aside froni these international services
hand of humanity helps to reunite broken fam-
which will go on everywhere, the fundamental
ilies, and puts medical science at • the "service of the
program for supplying the necessities of life will
world to prevent epidemics—if the peace can be
be 'drawn upon most heavily by the liberated na-
Made in such a world it should have a much bet-
tions which through nazi looting have lost their
ter chance to endtlre.
own foreign exchange resources2The rest of the
United Nations must in this hour of need give a
The broad policies that guide the healing minis-
trations of UNRRA to the war-stricken peoples fair share of the imported goods they need to start
on the road_ back-. In the interests of humanity,
are jointly set by all the nations through the
then, the ;United Nations are financing UNRRA
Council. In setting up the now existing policies,
and directing that we take aid to each liberated
the Council took into account the fact that there
nation which requires help in importing the ne-
would be several sources of relief to the liberated
cessities of life from the rest of the world.
peoples, and made provision for UNRRA to serve
as an equalizing force, making sure that the
There has been misunderstanding about the
principle of equality prevailed as between nations
role of UNRAA. Some apparently have assumed
in the provision of relief goods - and services.
that it is to be the sole source of relief and serv-
ices. This has led some commentators to express
Fair Sharing Principles
surprise when they learn, for example, that the
Here are the main lines of policy laid dowif
Government of France or Holland is carrying on
by the nations for this program of international
conversations with Allied military authorities
fair sharing:
about relief supplies for use immediately in lib-
erated areas; or that those governments wll pro-
First, the United Nations as a group respect
vide
all or most of the relief supplies for their
and share the desire of every member nation to
people after the military period. They should
be free and self-determining.
not be surprised, of course. As I have pointed out
Second, the United Nations know that every the UNRAA program is one of equalizing and
liberated nation will do its utmost out of its own
balancing up, not one of doing the whole relief
resources to bring its people back to health and
and rehailitation_ job.
strength and- reestalish its agriculture and in-
dustry.
Must Understand UNRAA
Third, the United Nations know that not all .
I explain at this length because f believe it
of the liberated nations will have immediately to
is important for the readers of Free World not
hand resources large enough to provide a fully
only to accept the need, and , the wisdom of the
adequate supply of goods and Services for their
UNRRA operation to speed the day of freedom,
people.
but to understand with considerable precision just
what UNRRA is to do and what it is not to do.
Fourth, to any liberated nation which lacks
resources of its 'own to do a fully adequate job,
To sum up, then: For humane reasons, for
the United Nations through UNRRA will extend
reasons of good hard-headed common sense, the
a helping hand and, so far as its resources permit,
United Nations are determined to see that all the
make available out of the pooled resources of all
lands released from tyranny shall 'have a speedy
44 nations the required goods and services.
chance and an equal chance to start rebuilding a
new and better world. They have pooled their
A Pooling of Resources
resources so that the less fortunate nations will
UNRRA is not the only resource that will be
have that equal chance. They have set up a ser-
drawn on by the free nations of 'the world to re-
vice agency—UNRRA—to make this policy a
establish decent, humane living in the „liberated living reality.
lands. It is the means of pooling the resources
The nations will make their new and long-range
of all nations so as to balance. up supplies and op-
international economic and political and cultural
portunities fairly and squarely. Let me-point out
arrangements through means other than UNRRA.
some of the other sources of supplies and serv-
They did not direct UNRRA to take part in the
ices that will be brought into play before and
formation of the postwar understanding in these
along with the UNRRA operation.
other fields. In fact, they specifically excluded
In the first place, during the military period
UNRRA from exerting any influence on political,
the armies of liberation will provide for the re-
religious or other affairs. 'It is commissioned and
. lief of the -civilian population in the areas. under
directed to do a strictly limited, defined and
military control. This is an obligation of inter-
possible job. Other jobs presuniably will be as-
national law. It is a matter of military necessity.
signed by the nations to other international agen-
Over and above that it is an 'expression of the
cies.
humane policies.of the United Nations. The Unit-
To my mind, this realistic approach along the
ed States War Department appropriation alone for
1945 sets aside over a half pillion dollars to be
avenue of the possible to the specific problems of
used in bringing supplies and services to the
the postwar era holds promise. By several such
freed peoples whose territories are temporarily
approaches we may eventually arrive at the goal
under the military government of U. S. forces.
we seek—permanent adjustment of the world to
Services To Be Resumed
the realities of Modern science and engineering,
When the period of military government ends
and the eternal verities of justice and goodwill
and the liberated peoples resume self-government,
among men.
each nation ,will of course do all it can to bring in

Sperka, president, pbinted out
the following: • •
There are 1250 members hi
both branches of the movement.
Educational _programs have
been sponsored and weekly radio
programs have been arranged.
During. the Holydays in 1943,
petitions were signed by wor-
shippers in synagogue urging
Sabbath observance. Also, 20,000
circulars were distributed for
Shmiros Shabbos.
Call on Store Owners
Committees of women and
rabbis have called - -upon owners
of stores and have asked that
they honor the Sabbath.
Throughout the past year, the
Yiddish theater was closed 'on
Friday _nights and Saturdays:
At the instigation of t h e
league, the- Bnai Brith women
and Mt. Sinai Hospital Associa-
tion have printed appeals to
their members urging them to
adhere to and support the Sab-
bath observance movement.-
The past year's entire income
of $959 has been exhausted and
additional funds are being sought

now.

Invitation
to
Refreshment

t.

R O
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THE STROH BREWERY CO., DETROIT, MICHIGAN