American ,7ewisli Periodical

DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE

Page 42

Hitler to power in Germany in brated the 25th anniversary of its
1933 that gave the greatest im- remarkable, highly praiseworthy
petus to anti-Semitism. Hitler's work. Everywhere Hebrew has
hatred for Jews was clearly re- been used as a living tongue and
vealed some years previously in has given rise to notable litera-
his book, "Mein Kampf," which ture.
• • •
his Nazi adherents adopted as the
By SAMUEL PASNER
THIS
RISE
OF Palestine into
book to guide them constantly.
s THE FIRST HALF of the 20th century began, the Dreyfus case was still a leading topi Other books were burned by the an admirable lapd of the Jews has
been a source of consolation for
of discussion among those interested in Jewish history. It was in 1895 that Captaip Nazis on May 10, 1933.
Alfred Dreyfus had been convicted of high treason. It was not before 1906 that the verdic
On September 15, 1938, a Jew- the suffering and for the sorrow-
ful losses sustained during the
against Dreyfus was overruled by the French Supreme Court.
-- ish youth in Paris, Herschel Hitler regime under the Nazis. It
-
Greenspan, gave vent to his anger
Among those present in Paris
the armistic e. by killing an attache of the Ger- was then that the murder fac-
report the events of the Dreyfus of world Jewry in the period pre- only 10 days re after
tories of Buchenwald and Dachau
were attacks on man embassy in Paris.
ceding
the
first
world
war
was
in
Later,
the
Affair was a Viennese journalist,
contributed their shameful share
and
other
cities
and
The death of this minor official to the elimination of six million
Dr. Theodor Herzl. He was de- Palestine. Already Jewish settle- Jews in Pinsk equerilly, the boycott
merits
were
being
established
towns.
Subs
resulted
in
a
wave
of
vengeful
pressed with the realization that
Jews from the world.
with evil effec
violence on November 10, 1938,
the trial of this French Jewish The settlers, as early as 1907, was applied
Jews.
Moreover,
in
193
against
The name of this new land to-
by a pogrom unbridled in fury
captain was symbolic of the perse- learned to protect themselves
through
mounted
guards.
Seven
the
Polish
government
legalize
day
is Israel. The vote came
which
left
about
500
synagogues
cution of Jews in various parts of
years later, Palestine had about segregation of Jewish students i in fire and flame, thousands of through a favorable decision, af-
the world.
50 Jewish settlements and a universities by the establishme
ter much discussion, by the Unit-
What little contact he had with
• Jews murdered and maimed and ed Nations, on November 29, 1947.
suburb constructed from the sand of ghetto-benches.
an
estimated
30,000
thrown
into
Jewish interests or circles prior
In Hungary, the economic bo
The decision came by a vote of
to the Dreyfus trial is indicated of the surf that was to become the cott was introduced and, in 192 concentration camps.
Earlier in the year, on March 33 to 13, seven more than the re-
in a discussion of Dr. Herzl by Dr. city of Tel Aviv. The great health the number of Jewish students
.i.
Abram L. Sachar in his book, "A program of Hadassah also began universities was restricted by la% 13, 1938, the union of Nazi Ger- quired two-third
many and little Austria was pro-
The U.S.A. was the first nation
History of the Jews," where we in 1913 its impressive work in
In 1939, another law was pass
to recognize Israel. Ilowever, war
claimed.
read these words: "If he ever Palestine.
• • •
to set quotas for Hungarian Je
between Arabs and Jews com-
thought of Jews, it was as or an-
In
September,
1938,
Czechoslo-
THE BEGINNING of the war in business and professions.
other people."
vakia was forced to cede the Su- menced two days after the United
On March 15, 1917, Czar Nich
dentenland. Appeasement did not Nations' decisitn. Despite the fact
Neverthelew, the Dreyfus case in 1914 brought Jews from many
las
II abdicated. A provision
lands
into
various
armies.
As
in-
satisfy the Nazi thirst for con- that the Jews of Israel then in:.
gave him Sufficient food for
quest. Accordingly, in March, eluded about 700,000 and the
thought to enable him to write habitants of countries where war government was established an
Bo
"Der Juden.staat," a pamphlet ap- was raging, Jews, like other later. in November, 1917, the
1939, the Nazi machine moved Arabs opposed to them approxi-
of
Ru
,
sheviks
obtained
control
mataely thirty million, the Jews
peating in 1896 to suggest the people, suffered loss of life, limb
into Moravia and Bohemia.
sia. Subsequently. civil war rag
and land.
•
were victorious in this war.
creation of a Jewish state.
One group of Jews organized for some time in Russia.
ON TILE OTHER hand, Jews
Subsequently, in 1897, a world
Finally, on May 14, 1948, the
During the two years commen
Zionist congress was held in Basel the Zion Mule Corps and, in 1915,
had a haven of refuge from perse- Jews issued a proclamation of in-
ing
in
January,
1919,
there
w
helped
to
commence'
the
Galli-
and followed by a number of
cution in both western Europe dependence. In this proclamation,
similar gatherings in various poli campaign against Turkey. civil war in the Ukraine that r
and the U.S.A. France, in 1939, a pledge was made to open the
stilted
in
more
than
1.000
pogro
While the campaign did not bring
adopted laws making defamation land fully to Jewish immigration
years.
the results sought by the Jewish against Jews.
of race a criminal offense, Hol- from all parts of the world, to
When Herzl visited Russia he group which adopted the Mogen
In the course of this strife, Pc
land established a similar law. base governmental policies "on
did so a few months after the Dovid in its insignia, war against
Tura, who, on January 3, 191
England also outlawed at about precepts of liberty, justice and
world was horrified by the heart-
Turkey continued.
became the hetman of the Unit
this time semi-military forma- peace taught by the Hebrew
rending recital of the Kishinev
Finally, on December 11, 1917, Russian and Ruthenian Republi
tions using the Nazi storm- prophets•" to "uphold" for all citi-
pogrom. In that land there were
troopers as their model. In the zens of the new state "full social
then nearly six million Jews liv- the British General Allenby en- is said to have caused 493 pogro
United States, Fritz Kuhn, the and political equality" and to do
ing in fear of massacres and un- tered Jerusalem. The preceding resulting in the annihilation
leader of the German Bund, was so "without distinction of race,
speakable bestialities such as month, on November 2, 1917, Lord about 30,000 Jews in 372 tow
convicted for embezzlement and creed or sex" to "guarantee full
those seen at Kishinev. Subse- Rothschild received a communi- and cities where some were co
imprisoned.
freedom of conscience, worship,
quently, the Black Hundreds were cation from Arthur James Bal- pelted to dig their own graves.
American Jews have, however, education and culture," to "safe-
organized to enable them to con- four, British Secretary of State 1926 he was killed in Paris
Shalom
Schwartzbard,
son
of
o
tinue those murderous attacks re- for Foreign Affairs, which includ-
contributed greatly through the guard the sanctity and inviolabil-
ed these words: "His Majesty's of Petlura's victims, but a Fren
medium of the Joint Distribution ity of shrines and holy places of
peatedly.
government view with favor the jury acquitted the avenger.
Committee, the United Palestine all religions" and to "dedicate"
In the meantime, the govern- establishment in Palestine of a
Appeal, Hias and other agencies. the new state "to the principles
ment of Tsar Nicholas II gave of- national home for the Jewish
WHILE MANY thousands
They established large organiza- of the Charter of the United Na-
ficial approval to anti-Semitic people."
Jews lost their lives in these ci
tions to help themselves and their tions."
number
of
It
limited
the
acts.
This communication became
Jewish brethren in other parts of
Jewish students in schools of known throughout the world as wars in Russia, there was s
On May 11, 1949, Israel was ad-
left, after the massacres had su
the world, among which may be
higher learning. It expelled in the Balfour Declaration.
mitted as the 59th member of the
sided,
a
very
large
number
included
the
American
Jewish
1910 about 1,200 Jewish families
In 1918 the war ended. The map
Committee, the American Jewish United Nations. The same year,
from Kiev. It continued to main- of Europe was changed through Jews in the vast territories of t
on February 17th, Chaim Weiz-
Congress and Bnai Brith.
tain restricted areas for millions the establishment of new govern- Soviet Union.
mann was elected as the first
Ismar
Elbogen,
in
his
book,
In
the
meantime,
the
eyes
of
of Jews.
President of Israel. The pledge for
ments such as Czechoslovakia, Century of Jewish Life," spea
the
picture
world
Jewry
turned
to
Palestine.
brighter
side
of
A
unrestricted immigration h a d.
Lithuania and Finland, the addi- of the situation of Jews in t
In spite of the restrictive meas- been made nine months before he
tion of lands to others such as Soviet Union as a "puzzle" a
ures towards immigration which became President. The result was
Thrace for Greece and the reduc- states as follows: "What actua
the mandatory power tried to en- that the population of the new
tion of territory for some as in went on in Russia, Bolshevi
New Year's
force at times with such heart- land increased greatly
the case of Germany.
concealed behind an impenetrab
rending effect as in the case of
Out of about 14,000,000 Jews in curtain."
In fact, within the period of
Greetings
the refugee ship Exodus 1947 that
the world an estimated 9,000,000
May 15, 1948, to June 30, 1949,
There are other writers who
was
forced
into
an
odyssey
with
were now under new governmen- study of Jewish life in the Soy
its human cargo of 4,500 away about 241,000 immigrants entered
tal regimes. In all of them Jews Union resulted in stateme
from coveted Palestine towards Israel and thus, in about one year,
formed a minority. The peace which indicate what they belie
added approximately 40 per
France and then to Germany.
treaties stressed minority rights. actually happened.
cent to the population. A consider-
Swamps where malaria once able number of these immigrants
Nevertheless, the two lands pos-
Examples of such stateme
reigned were drained. Sand dunes came from the camps for dis-
sessing about 4,500,000 Jews, Po- that may be of interest as a ba
Men's Wear
land and Romania, failed to fol- for discussiol may be found
were irrigated and transformed placed persons.
low in practice such treaty terms. these quotations:
into orange groves. Water was
Today, indeed, Jews every-
1212 Washington Blvd.
In Poland, a pogrom took place
brought through deep boring even
(1) From Margolis and Marx,
into the Negev desert and settle- where rejoice at the fulfillment
in the captured city of Lemberg their book, "A History of t
ments were established there. of the prophetic vision with which
Jewish People," published
Agriculture became productive Herzl, through a comment in a
1938: "In view of the Commun
L'Shono Tova Tikosevu
through scientific and modern diary during the closing years of
Happy New Year's
tic policy of restricting priv
the nineteenth century, is said to
methods.
trade, the Jews, so prevailin
The Jordan River was har- have foretold the creation of a
middlemen, experienced g r e
nessed to yield electricity. The Jewish state towards the close of
economic distress. Still hars
Congregation
once suitably named Dead Sea the first half of the twentieth
was the Communist prescript
was turned into a source of liveli- century.
of religious teaching to min
RABBI JOSEPH THUMIN
hood for many as enormous stores
and the instruction in the gove
RABBI ISRAEL HALPERN
of chemicals and potash were ex-
ment schools inculcated in
Rosh Hashonah
tracted.
rising generation anti - religi
President-
New industries arose, such as
doctrines."
2243 Gratiot
Greetings
MR. LOUIS ELLENBOGEN
textile manufacturing established
(2) From Volume 51 of
by
Jewish
refugees
from
Lodz,
American
Jewish
Year
Book
•
Vice President-
LO. 7-6950
and optical precision instruments
1950, prepared by the Ameri
MR. H. WELLER
Jewish Committee: "The So
and diamond cutting in which
government was quietly liquid
other Jewish refugees from Eu-
ing all remaining Jewish orga
rope were able to furnish valu-
zations and press organs. Zion
able assistance. At the same time,
had been outlawed in Russia
education was increased through
18841-5 JOHN R.
the early twenties and its lead
many schools among which the
FO. 6-0600
had died in jails and concent
Hebrew University on Mt. Scopus
tion camps."
may well be given special men-
'll'Service Our Watchword"
It was the elevation of A
tion as one that recently cele-

r

Jewish History in Last 50 1 ears
Culminates in State of Israel

A

•

J. M. CITRON

Beth Abraham

FAMOUS PLUMBING
AND HEATING

Cadillac Overall
Supply Co.

new ears Greetings

•

HAPPY NEW YEAR

GREETINGS

Dent-Kraft Dental
Laboratory

Mr. and Mrs.
Isadore H.

Acme Home Builders

TED GLASS

KO/Odney

14460 Dexter Boulevard

t

Maccabees Bldg.

4052 STURTEVANT

TO. 8-7340

