Friday, September 27, 1946 DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle Page Six JEWISH GIANTS OF SCIENCE By PAUL GOULD It wasn't so long ago that Jew- ish genius was playing an extra- ordinary role in the development of the atomic bomb, thereby pry- ing open the door to a postwar world of atomic energy. Signifi- cant as this development has been, it is only a by-product of the monumental feats performed by scientists of the Jewish faith in the broad field of experiment a n d research. And, strikingly enough, much of these new en. deavors have been launched by refugees whose spark of brilliance was almost extinguished by Nazi terror. Particularly is this true in the case of two men — Dr. Ernst Boris Chain and Dr. W. S. Lowew. The former has already been accorded world-wide praise because of his most important contributions in the development of penicillin. As a matter of fact, Dr. Chain was co-honored with Sir Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey by a joint Nobel Prize award of $30,000 last year for their discovery. Dr. Lowew has not yet won a Nobel award but if his most cher- ished experiment reaches fulfill- ment, there is no doubt but that he will be so recognized. He has been working for 25 years In de- veloping a drug that he hopes will cure all allergies, including that blight of late Summer, hay fever. The careers of the two men bear a strong resemblance. A few months after Hitler seized power In 1933, Dr. Chain fled to Eng- land, leaving behind his mother and sister. He is still ignorant of their where abouts and fate. A slight man with rosy cheeks, snap. py eyes, thick black hair and a heavy mustache, Dr. Chain is only 40 years of age, yet one of the most brilliant men in bio-chemis- tr; today. In addition, he is a gifted concert pianist, has ap- peared with orchestras in Berlin and has given his own concerts. When he came to England, Dr. Chain went to Cambridge Univer- sity for research on enzymes and the isolation of biologically-active substances. Bio-chemistry is the science of living tissues. At the time Dr. Florey was professor of pathology in the William Dunn School at Oxford and was seeking war broke out and they began their research. Sir Alexander Fleming had first discovered, in 1929, a mold that stopped the growth of deadly bac. teria but he claimed no extraor- dinary healing qualities for it. When Dr. Chain began to work with Dr. Florey he read a tre- mendous number of books on an- ti-bacterial substances and despite unfavorable accounts of the chem- ical properties of this penicillin, he began to start working on It in his laboratory because it showed promising characteristics. Within six months, Dr. Chain had produced a sufficient quantity of penicillin and the very first tests of mice and rabbits proved that not only was It the strongest antiseptic ever known, but that it had absolutely no poisoning effect Dr. Lowew's experiments with drugs seeking to cure mysterious allergies trace back a quarter of a century. This year he announced the perfection of anthallan, which has not been thoroughly tested yet, but which has produced amaz- ing results in the initial trials. After fleeing from Germany 13 years ago, Dr. Lowew came to America and became a citizen in 1942. He spent many years in var. ious centers and though he' is at present a teacher at Utah Univer- sity, his spadework with anthallan was performed at Columbia Uni- versity Presbyterian Hospital Med- ical Center. Whereas several new drugs have lately appeared for hay fever suf- ferers, their properties are credit- ed with providing temporary re. lief. Anthallan, however, is far allergies. 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We had every reason to ex. pect that after the massacre of more than six million Jews, -the small remnant who were left would be treated by governments and by peoples with justice, respect and sympathetic understand. ing. Instead, in many countries abroad, the plight of the Jews is worse than ever. They have been frequently attacked and threatened, they have been despoiled of their property, and they have been deprived of any adequate security or hope. It is only natural that under these circumstances most of them are deter- mined to find new homes where they can live in peace and se- curity. In the refugee camps in Germany there are upwards of one hundred thousand Jews who have gone through the tortures of hell and who have absolutely no hope save through emigration and resettlement. To allow them to remain longer in the refugee camps, no matter how well these may be administered, will result' in complete moral and physical deterioration. Delay Will only aggravate the tragic situation. We had hoped and expected that large-scale immigration would be permitted into Palestine which is for many of our unfortunate coreligionists abroad their only hope. Thus far the fulfillment of our hopes has been denied and the situation is hourly growing more tense and tragic. Immigra. tion cannot be postponed further and it must not be subordinated to any question of long term political settlements. To make the question of the immediate admission of one hundred thousand victims of Nazi brutality dependent on long term political ar- rangements Is merely to hold these unfortunate people as hostages and is completely contrary to the policy so frequently expressed by the President and the Congress of the Unifbd States. We must continue to fight for their immediate admission into Palestine and for the admission in the future of such additional numbers as can be absorbed by the country. 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