DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE and The Legal Chronicle

12

embraced, almost in their en-
LANDSTEINER
tirety, the German racial doc-
trines,
except
for
the
obvious
(Continued from Page 1)
(Continues from Page 1)
fact that it failed to take ac-
count
of
the
inferiority
of
the
have been useless. He would have
Avowedly ante-Semitic periodicals
(above all, II Giornalissimo and "Mediterranean" to the "Nordic" refused. I just walked in on him
races. It affirmed that the present in his laboratory at the Rocke-
II Tevere) came into prominence, Italian population was of Aryan feller Institute for Medical Re-
and the Protocols of the Elders of origin and its civilization Aryan; search.
Zion were published and com- that in its main lines it had been
He was in a state of extreme
mented on in all seriousness. The unchanged for a thousand years; distress.
We talked at length. He
press attacks against the "Jew- that the Jews represented the felt the publicity
had ruined his
ish Internationale" and against only population that had never life. He was stricken
by the con-
Zionism, presented as a menace been assimilated in Italy, because sciousness that he had
been put
to Italy, coupled with growing it was made up of non-European in the position of casting
a slur
signs of discrimination in the in- racial elements differing absolutely on the Jews. He hadn't meant
to
tellectual and academic field, be- from the elements that had given disparage the Jews—only to es-
gan to preoccupy the Italian Jews origin to Italians. The first an- cape
from them.
seriously. They were baffled by nouncement of this statement
was a great scientist, but
the marked change of attitude to- which appeared on the front page not He
worldly wise. Almost like a
ward them.
of the official Giornale d'Italia child he turned to me for help.
The question entered upon a gave rise to a vehement, unremit- "You are an honest man—you
new phase with the ostentatious ting and obviously inspired press will not betray me," he said fre-
affirmation of the "Rome-Berlin campaign in Italy. No effort was quently in the course of our con-
Axis". It then became a part of spared to stress the differences versation. He was almost dis-
the official policy of the Italian between the "Italian-Aryan" race traught in his appeals for under-
government to align itself ideo- and the 'non-European" Jewish standing.
logically" with Nazi Germany race in order to explain the nec-
His story was fairly simple.
even in matters on which the essity for "a new racial mental- To be born a Jew in Austria
countries and the two regimes ity of the people". Action soon imposed disabilities on him which
had hitherto been in profound followed the publication of the hindered his scientific work. He
disagreement. The frequent visits racist manifesto. On July 18 the was now a Catholic. He had a son
and contacts between Nazi and ministry of the interior established studying at Harvard who didn't
Fiscist officials extended the im- a special bureau for demography even know of his Jewish descent.
portance of the "Rome-Berlin and race protection. A new review, He feared what might happen to
Axis" far beyond the usual pur- Difesa della Razza, edited by the his son with the shock of finding
suance of political aims by two notorious Jew-baiter, Telesio In- out he was of Jewish lineage.
governments. The process of con- terlandi, began to appear under
His attitude, he explained, was
version, initiated by Dr. Paul its auspices. On July 25, 1938, that Jews should not "push them-
Joseph Goebbels on the occasion Achilie Starace, secretary gen- selves forward" in America. In
of his visit in August, 1936, and eral of the Fascist party, told Palestine it was different, but as
by his talks with the Italian min- the authors of the racial deca- long as Jews had to live among
ister for propaganda, Dino Al-
other peoples they should try to
fieri, was followed by the visit of logue that 'our racial campaign assimilate. Therefore—and in or-
an Italian official delegation to must not remain theoretical but der that his family should not
the Nuremberg Party Congress must be followed by precise politi-
suffer the burden of being Jewish
and by frequent exchanges of calaction." Pope Pius condem-
views between Nazi "racial ex- nation of Italy's "unhappy imita- —he had become converted.
As he developed this viewpoint,
perts" and Fascist party officials. bon" or Nazi Germany was re- he expressed belief that such a
plied to by Mussolini with the
The anti-Semitic wave then be- declaration that ''also in racial volume as a Jewish "who's who"
came more apparent and assumed questions,
Fascism will continue was a mistake, that it served to
larger dimensions, although prom-
to
go
ahead."
He used the stub- aid Nazi racial theories by setting
inent representatives of the Ital- born phrase "Noi
dirit- the Jews apart. Repeatedly he
ian government denied that any to" which he once tireremo
used
with
ref- said that he had not wished to
anti-Semitic measures were in
disparage the Jews when he
erence
to
the
Abyssinian
i
cam-
contemplation.
sought to prevent publication of
paign.
On
August
3,
1938,
t
was
However, the increased attacks
his biography.
announced
that
foreign
Jews
and
in many Fascist newspapers
Dr. Landsteiner was in a state
against the Jews and the number their children were to be ex- of such tension that he even, at
cluded
from
all
Italian
schools
of books devoted to the Nazi
one point, said that were it not
science of "raceology" were omi- and seats of learning. This was for his family he might commit
a
complete
reversal
of
the
policy
nous signs and rumblings, presag-
suicide. He felt that the publicity
ing an imminent change in the which had hitherto prevailed of he had received had "ruined" the
encouraging
foreign
Jews
to
come
official attitude of the govern-
lives of himself and his son.
ment. The most significant sign to Italian universities to com-
He said that when he left his
plete
their
studies.
In
fact,
hun-
of the impending storm was the
laboratory now he felt he had to
book Gli Ebrei in Italia (The dreds of Jews from Rumania, avoid his friends. He said he had
Jews in Italy), by Paolo Orano, Hungary and Poland, who had spoken to the superintendent of
an intimate friend and confidant found their higher education in- the Institute, who had "pitied"
of Mussolini. The book attacked terrupted by the numerus clausus, him.
the Italian Jews because of their were enabled to come to Italy to
It was indicative of his state
"Zionist propaganda, tendencies study and were even assisted by of mental confusion that despite
means
of
reduced
fares
and
schol-
and language" and made the
a lifetime spent in escaping from
concrete demand that "the Jews arships. On August 5 the Infor- Jewishness, he nevertheless felt a
of Italy must sever themselves mazione Diplomatica officially an- certain obligation to the Jews. He
from their coreligionists in all nounced that Jews were to be had found positions in New York
countries because European Jews descriminated against henceforth for two German Jewish refugees
are anti-Fasicst and rebellious." in Italian public life. Professor and was then in correspondence
The book emphasized that there Roberto Almagia, who was to have with other Jews in Germany. He
existed a profound conflict be- represented Italy at the Inter- said his own laboratory assistant
tween the Jews' duty as Italian national Geographic Congress at was Jewish and "very devoted" to
patriots and their attitude to- The Hague, was told to remain him.
It is not for me to pass moral
ward such questions as Zionism at home; Signor Salem, Jewish
and the persecutions of Jews in pedesta (mayor) of Trieste, was judgment on Dr, Karl Landstein-
forced
into
resignation,
and
Theo-
er and his attitude at assimila-
Germany. The arguments of Pa-
olo Orano became the dominant dore Mayer, one of the staunch- tion. But I think the mental an-
subjects of the entire Italian est supporters of the "irredenta" guish of this great scientist is
press. The anti-Semitic papers movement in Trieste, was com- something that should be recorded.
II Tevere and Il Regime Fascista, pelled to surrender control of his
which advocated the introduction influential newspaper II Puccolo
of racial measures in Italy, were di Trieste. Jews holding leading
RED CROSS
jubilant. Thereupon the chief positions in banks, insurance
rabbi of Rome, Professor David companies, and industrial con-
(Continued from Page 11
Prato, who had succeeded Sacer- cerns were removed, and Jewish
doti, made representations to owners of department stores were tives of the Christian world, of
Count Ciano, the foreign minister, warned not to advertise. The ex- science and literature, have pro-
and an official communique was tremely small number of the tested against these unheard of
issued on January 6, 1937, to the Italian Jews, which made it ab- acts. However, despite the millions
effect that there was no change surdto speak in terms of a of victims on the part of the Jew-
in the government's attitude to- "Jewish problem," remained a ish civilian population, despite all
cause of some perplexity for warnings and protests, the Ger-
ward the Jews.
The question entered upon a the Fascist government, and a mans continue their 'work.'
"In this hour of greatest peril
new phase after the exchange census of Jews on a racial basis
of visits between Hitler and Mus- was then ordered. It revealed for the remnants of the Jewish
solini. The fate of the Jews of that the entire native Italian Jew- population of Poland, we appeal
Italy was probably settled during ish population, including those to you, in the name of humanity
the conversations between the who had lost • all contact with and justice, in the name of the
heads of the two totalitarian gov- Judaism, aggregated only 57,422. most elementary laws of culture
and civilization, to employ imme-
ernments, at Rome, in May, 1938.
The economic, political and "ideo- Delicious Kellogg Recipe diate means in order to investi-
gate the inhuman treatment that
logical" rapprochement with Nazi
is being meted out to the Jews
Germany meant for Italy also the Kellogg's Pep Refrigerator
in the ghettos, concentration
ultimate submission to the Nazi Ginger Cookies
camps and labor camps by the
racist view. Racism became a
1 cup molasses OR dark
German authorities, and to fulfill
conditio sine qua non for the
corp syrup
your obligation and rescue those
coordination of the two Axis re-
% cup shortening.
that are still alive."
gimes. Toward the end of May,
2% cups flour
1938, a delegation of German ex-
1/2 teaspoon salt
perts on race, headed by Profes-
2 teaspoons baking soda
UNITY
sor Walter Gross, chief of the
% teaspoon allspice
office for race policy of the Nazi
1 1 ,4 teaspoons ginger
(Continued from Page 1)
party arrived in Rome. On June
2 cups Kellogg's Pep
2,Roberto Farinacci, editor-in-
Heat molasses or corn syrup to
chief of the extremist and anti- bubbilng and add shortening. RP. pointed out that Russia is today
Semitic Il Regime Fascists, was move from heat; cool well. Sift the only country in the world in
which anti-Semitism is outlawed.
appointed minister of state. In- flour, salt, soda
and spices to-
The Russian Jewish delegation,
stances of anti-Jewish discrim- geth; stir into molasses
mixture.
ination began to multiply in the Add Pep; blend well. knead and which will visit Jewish communi-
intellectual and academic field, shape into rolls about 1% inches ties in leading cities throughout
preluding the discriminatory leg- in diameter; wrap in waxed pa- the United States, was received
at City Hall by Mayor Fiorello
islation on racist lines.
per, covering ends so that dough
On July 14, 1938, a group of will not dry out. Store in refrig- La Guardia. The Jewish delegates
anonymous "scholars," whose erator until firm. Cut in thin slic- voiced their appreciation for the
names were published later and es and bake on ungreased cookie aid given to Russia by the people
who had been studying the "race sheet in moderate oven (350 deg. of New York.
problem" under the aegis of the F.) 8 to 10 minutes.
He who marries for money will
ministry of popular culture, is-
8 dozen wafers (2 inches have a brood of disobedient chil-
sued a 10-point manifesto which in Yield:
diameter).
dren.

ITALY

July 9, 1943

ELLMANN

(Continued from Page 1)

in month of May; the executive
committee was enlarged to 31;
members, the terms of 12 mem-
bers shall expire each year; Com-
munity Council delegates shall
be selected' in January of every
second year; no officer shall be
elected or serve for more than
three consecutive terms in the
same office; and a quorum of thi
Council shall consist of 75 dole.
gates. All the amendments were
passed without a dissenting vote.

report of the results of the elec-
tion to the assembled delegates.
Tellers' Committee No. 1 was
composed of Mrs. Ida Colten,
chairman, H. Glickman, Harry T.
Madison. Tellers' committee No. 2
was composed of Fred Gottfurcht,
chairman, Sam Dronzek and Mrs.
Robbins. Tellers' Committee No.
3 was composed of Melvin Ger-
son, chairman, Harry Kaminer
and William Sandler. Tellers' William Hordes Reports
While the ballots were being
commiteee No. 4 was composed
of A. J. Lachover, chairman, A. tabulated, William Hordes report-
E. Betensky and Frances Cohn. ed on the Army Intelligence Cani

Mrs. Rosenberg Reports

A nominations committee . re-
port was presented by Mrs. Louis
James Rosenberg. In addition to
Mrs. Rosenberg, this committee
was composed of Rabbi Joshua S.
Sperka, chairman, and Henry M.
Abramovitz, Dr. Leo M. Franklin,
Dr. S. Kleinman, Louis Levine
and Abraham Srere.
James I. Ellmann occupied the
chair during the meeting. The
meeting opened with a report by
the president. In this report,
James I. Ellmann covered some
of the principal accomplishments
of the Community Council and
thanked members of all Commu-
nity Council committees and all
others who assisted in the work
of the Council.
Morris Garvett reported for
the constitution study committee
and reported on the proposed
amendments to the Community
Council's constitution. Morris Gar-
vett explained the reasons for
the amendments which was fol-
lowed by considerable discussion
by the delegates. The changes
made were: Community Council
election meetings shall he held

paign against loose talk both
about soldiers and about war pro-
duction. Aaron Rosenberg and
Samuel Lieberman reported on
the recent riots which occurred
in Detroit and the damages sus-
tained by Jewish merchants whose
stores were located in the Negro
neighborhoods. Samuel Lieberman
is executive secretary of the East
Side Merchants' Association. com-
posed of these Jewish merchants.
These reports were followed by
a comprehensive discussion of
the riots by Isaac Franck, execu-
tive director of the Jewish Com-
munity Council. Isaac Franck
also discussed some of the ma-
jor activities of the Jewish Com-
munity Council.

He who learns things in his
youth is like a sheet of clean,

white paper on which the words
of wisdom have been written.
But he who starts to learn when
he is old, is like a piece of old,
yellow parchment on which the
words are barely legible.

If you have made a promise
to a child, keep it! For otherwise
it learns to lie.

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