American ,etvish Periodical eviler 942 CLIFTON AVENUE • CINCINNATI 20, OHIO DETROIT JEWISH CHRONICLE September II, 1942 3 and The Legal Chronicle Saginaw, Mich. Extends Best Wishes to Jewish Communities re- ked !er- ese led tea de- ing r. Be it Basic economic forces which effect the nation leave their mark on the Jewish group as on all so-called minority groups. This is even more pertinent in time of war. Complete coopera- tion among all groups is essen- tial if the democratic way of life, for which we are fighting, is to survive. Recognizing that discussion of Jewish occupational adjustment problems must start, therefore, Happy New Year to All! W. L. CASE Fl CO. UNDERTAKER and AMBULANCE SERVICE Phone 7371 413 ADAMS ST. Saginaw. Mich. A Happy and Prosaerous New Year Saginaw Foundries Company Saginaw, Mich. 831 S. WATER ST. Rosh Hashonah Greetings Colonial Flower Shoppe Funeral Designs Parties — Weddings Cut Flowers—Potted Plants Telegraph Delivery Service Day or Nite—Call 3-3711 2939 S. WASHINGTON Saginaw, Mich. Season's Greetings and Best Wishes Cooper Wall Paper Stores 137 N. BAUM ST. Phone 2-7614 Saginaw, Mich. JEWS, JOBS AND THE WAR A Guide to Youth's Career Planning By DR. JOSEPH SAMLER and LOUIS H. SOBEL EDITOR'S NOTE: In this chapter from "Vocational Guidance Through Groups," to be published shortly by the Bnai Brith Vocational Service Bureau, Dr. Samler, director of the re- training division of the National Refugee Service, who is on leave of absence from the New York City Board of Education, which he has served for some years in connection with its vocational and guidance placement programs: and Mr. Sobel, director of the Federation Employment Set-vice, appraise in strictly factual terms the wartime economic changes which will affect the economic structure of the American Jewish community. with the factors affecting the economic adjustment of our country as a whole, Bnai Brith's Vocational Service Bureau is publishing a new study on "Vo- cational Guidance T h r o u g Groups," (of which this article is a chapter) to deal with the general current economic situa- tion. Primary among these factors is the life or death struggle in which the nation is engaged. The effects of the war pro- gram have already been felt by nearly everyone. The near future is bound to extend this influence to every aspect of life. Our immediate concern here is with the impact on our economic and occupational structure, the full effect of which has yet to be realized. Certain changes, however, are already obvious. Nearly 60 million men and wo- men will be needed to do the nation's work and therefore, ap- proximately nine million new workers will be needed, The unemployed, boys and girls leav- ing school, retired workers, and handicapped workers will he called upon to take necessary roles. An estimated eight to 10 million men will eventually be enrolled in the armed forces of the nation. Industries not direct- ly related to the war have been curtailed or have gone out of business, resulting in the dis- placement of a large number of workers. While most of these workers will eventually find jobs in war industry, the period of adjust- ment will be difficult. Until all productive capacity is utilized, curtailed industries, particularly in one-plant towns, make for distress areas. The government SINCERE NEW YEAR'S GREETINGS RAINN Boe BREAD RAINBO BREAD CO. SAGINAW. MICAL A Happy New Year to All Our Jewish Friends HOTEL BANCROFT MODERN FIREPROOF CONVENIENT SAGINAW, MICI I. Sincere New Year Greetings SEVERANCE TOOL MFG. CO . R. M. SEVERANCE Manufacturers of MIDGET MILLING CUTTERS, SPECIAL CUTTERS For BURRING. COUNTER SINKING. ETC. PHONE 2-5225 1514 E. GENESEE SAGINAW, MICH. GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES GARBER - BUICK - PONTIAC SALES AND SERVICE 208 N. WASHINGTON AVE. SAGINAW, MICH. PHONE 2-4141 is proceeding with steps to aid such areas. War industries call for workers with skills in the metal trades. As a consequence of a tightened labor market wages have increased, and in- adequately paid, frequently sub- standard jobs have gone unfilled, as in the domestic and agricul- tural field. With the exhaustion of available labor reserves, the institution of labor priorities is being viewed as a possibility. Other forces and trends pre- sent before the war and con- tinuing to play and important part arc: The growth of labor organiza- tions, their sanctions by the ex- ecutive and judicial branches of the government, and their in- creasing importance ; The assumption of govern- mental responsibility for the wel- fare of the people as indicated by provision for unemployment in surance, old age pensions, the entire social security program. anti-discrimination activity, and so on; The continued development of the process of commercial con- centration with its tendency to eliminate the small merchant as well as the small manufacturer; The considerable increase in civil service and "exempt" em- ployment by the government; The persistence of anti-union attitudes and action by employ- ers, with suspicion of all who might in any way be identifies! with unions. All of these factors affect Jewish occupational adjustment as they determine the adjustment of all so-called minority groups, and of all workers in the na- tion. However, the Jewish com- munity faces certain problems which may be characterized as peculiar to it. Even though these problems are inseparable from the nation's pattern of social and economic adjustment they may be identified and treated separ- ately. 1. While factors are at work which may change the occupa- tional distribution of the Jews, it does not follow that the pres- ent occupational distribution is necessarily unbalanced. It is probably fallacious to compare the economic status of Jews with that of the general population. If Jewish occupational distribu- tion is compared with groups possessing similar characteristics he may be needed. This is any case a differentiating char acteristic which sets him apar front his fellows. The diffIculti.- See JEWS—Page 15 Happy New Year to Those stemming from the concentration of Jews in certain occupations. The present occupational dis- tribution of the Jewish group can be traced back to anti- Semitism and discrimination. Historically, the Jew was barred from land holding and from membership in the guilds con- trolling the skilled trades. Barred All! YEO FS YEO PUBL IC ACCOUNTANTS 102 2nd National Bank Bldg. Phone 78 i 8 Saginaw, Rosh Hashonah Greetings to All Saginaw Plating t4 Specialty Co. Chromium. Nickel, Copper, Brass Polishing Li Lacquering Light Manufacturing WEBBER AT JEFFERSON Saginaw, Mich. Season's Greetings and Best Wishes W. B. Baum 8 Son INSURANCE 301 WIECHMANN BLDG. Phone 2-5662 Saginaw, Mich. Le Shono Tovo Tikosevu —urban, white, of similar socio- economic status, the differences are not as noteworthy as many people believe. Bruno Martin Co. 3. ROOFERS Individual difficulties arising out of personal maladjust- ments, religious observation, recent immigration. AND SHEET METAL WORK The Jewish worker meets dis- crimination not only because he is a Jew but occasionally pre- sents certain other handicaps in 814 JAMES ST. DIAL 3-2212 Saginaw, Mich. the labor market. Observance of holy clays means absence from work on days when 4 SEASON'S GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES TO Ali! AND SAVE Those arising out of anti- and job-discrimi- Semitism nation. The closed doors in certain occupations and the quota sys- tem in training and job oppor- tunities in others have restricted the occupational choices of Jew ish boys and girls. Those who have hurdled the barriers of dis- crimination have had to present qualifications usually suprpassing those of their non-Jewish col- leagues. The average or above average Jewish student, in fields such as engineering or teaching, has little chance of securing em- ployment. In periods of general unemployment the Jewish group is among the first to feel the ef- fect of discrimination. The Jewish community has at- tempted to meet the problem of discrimination on several levels. Various cities have organized non-fee-charging employme nt services to help the Jewish job seeker. A number of specially created anti-discrimination agen- cies have attempted to educate employers to a more tolerant attitude. The conference on economic relations and organ- izations like Bnai Brith have at- tempted on an educational level to meet the provincialism and prejudice which precede discrim- ination. With other minority groups, the Jewish community has supported government ac- tivity in combatting discrimina- tion. 2. as well from all other gainful occupations, the Jew became a peddler, sal coma n, merchant, business man. It was inevitable that familiarity with certain oc- cupations, relative avialability of work opportunities, the tendency to repeat what was done before, gave impetus to continued choice of occupations in which Jews met relatively less discrimination. The traditional respect of Jews for formal study has made occu- pations which demand schooling seem more desirable. Long de- nied opportunities for equality put a premium on choice of work which carried with it consider- able social prestige, real or imag- ined. With refinements and changes brought about by Amer- ican culture, and in a vastly more complex industrial scene, these factors are still operative. Today Jews are heavily repr:- sented in the distributive field as small retailers, and middlemen; in clerical occupations and in pro- fessional pursuits as in law, medi- cine, dentistry. While vocational guidance tends to' expand the vocational horizon of Jewish boys and .girls, few have had access to counselling service. The occupational pattern of the Jew- ish group may be influenced by the war production program with its emphasis on metal trades and technical and scientific skills. "THE BUYWORD OF THE NATION" 107 E, GENESEE SAGINAW, MICH. A HAPPY NEW YEAR H. E. YSBERG Plumbing, Heating and Power Piping REPAIRING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO For the Best Service — III HOYT ST. PHONE 8361 — SAGINAW, MICH. Best Wishes to All for a Happy and Prosperous New Year! WALZ HARDWARE CO. 611 E. GENESEE PHONE 2-7145 SAGINAW, MICH. Rosh Hashonah Greetings to Our Jewish Friends Monarch Service Stations, Inc. 229 W. GENESEE POTTER and WASHINGTON PHONE 2-1112 SAGINAW, MICH. SINCEREST GREETINGS! DAILEY PICKLE 8 CANNING CO. \V. E Dailey, Pres. 1116 MAPLE ST. PHONE 2-3644 SAGINAW. MICH.