a nive fan* Addiad Cotter All Jewish News All Jewish Views WITHOUT BIAS CLIPTON math • 7 CINCINNATI 20, OHIO .1 The Only Anglo-Jewish ihi In Michigan Newspaper Printed I Ei Telephone CADILLAC 1-0-4-0 , and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE DETROIT, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, APRIL 21, 1939 VOL. XL NO. 48 Per Year, $3.00; Per Copy, 10 Cents PALESTINE UPBUILDING DECLARED FIRST LADY GETS THE EXCEPTION---AND THE RULE FRANCE MOBILIZES Pre-Campaign Divisions Commence BADGE' ALIEN GROUPS FOR HISTORIC PROGRESS OF NATIONAL 'TOLERANCE IN NATION'S DRIVE NATIONAL DEFENSE Solicitations for Allied Campaign; EMANCIPATION AT CONFERENCE Stirred by Increasing Tragedies .•■••■■•• This Is a Time for Sacrificial Generosity—and to Give Double of Last Year Is Not Enough 43 Detroiters Attend the Jewish Na- tional Fund Sessions in Chicago; Land Program Is Adopted PALESTINE'S WORKERS BRAND POLITICAL MAXIMUM BETRAYAL Proclaim Right of Every Jew to Enter Palestine; Jewish Agency Disavows Association with Cairo Talks CHICAGO. — Declaring the aim of Jewish upbuild- ing work in Palestine to be "an historic process of National Emancipation which, regardless of temporary set-backs, must progress to fulfillment and become an integral part of the World of Tomorrow in any settlement of the issues which figure in the present world struggle," the national Mrs. Franklin D. Roo Accepts the First of sevelt 10,000,000 Buttons TEMPLE OF RELIGION WILL OPEN APRIL 30 Leaders of Three Faiths to Participate in Program at World's Fair WASHINGTON, D. C. (Reli- gious News Service)—The nation- wide campaign to distribute ten million "badges of tolerance," expressive of the ideals of the National Conference of Christians and Jews, was launched here when Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt was presented with the first button at a luncheon held under the aus- pices of the Washington Round Table of the National Conference. The presentation of the button Was made by Dr. John Stude- baker, United States Commission- er of Education. Other speakers at the luncheon were Rabbi Morris S. Lazaron of Baltimore; Father Lawrence J. Shahan, director of Catholic Charities here; Dr. Henry Noble MacCracken, president of Vassar College; and the Rev. John Keat- ing Cartwright of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. This is a time for sacrificial giving—and the Allied Jewish Campaign is the test of our gener- osity. This is a time for personal service and for lib- eral contributions. There are definite Obligations today demanding that every Jew should give without considering the previous contributions. The standards of devotion to sacred causes are of necessity much higher today than they have ever been in the past. Dr. Abba Hillel §ilver, who together with Rabbi Jonah B. Wise heads the United Jewish Ap- peal for Refugees and Overseas Needs, made the following important statement during his visit here last Sunday: "I have been surprised to note certain in- stances in which contributors are giving only 50 per cent or 100 per cent more this year in- stead of 500 per cent and more. There may be occasions in which a contributor gave the maxi- mum last year and cannot possibly do more in 1939. But that is an exception. All the rest of us ought, as a token of our special capacity for understanding the extent of the problem, give without regard to past records. Every leader should realize that an extraordinary enlarge- ment of his own giving means more than the dollars from himself. It means that thousands of additional dollars are added to the cam- paign total since the entire community is stimu- lated to contribute on a similar scale of sacrifi- cial generosity." conference on Palestine Land Re-* demption Sunday night concluded its two-day sessions in the La- Salle Hotel here with the adop- tion of a sweeping program which calls for a supreme effort on the part of American Jewry to help in the development of new land To Open Temple of Religion zones in Palestine co as to accord NEW YORK. (Religious News a maximum of opportunities for More Than Half of $16,000 Service)—Prominent leaders of Quota for 12 Causes Jewish immigrants and refugees. the Protestant, Catholic and Jew- In voting their approval of the Already Raised Those who can give only twice as much as last ish faiths will participate in the program which was urged upon year, or half as much More as last year, must be opening exercises of the Temple the conference by Dr. Chaim considered the exception to the rule. The United Jewish Welfare of Religion at the New York Weizmann and Menahem Ussush- kin of the world Zionist leader- Fund of Windsor on Monday World's Fair on April 30, it was Those who constitute the rule must give more ship, and the outstanding leaders opened its campaign for $16,000. announced here. than twice as much as last year. Those who will take part in the During the first week of the of the Zionist movement in the The message contained in the special appeal— United States, the delegates' of drive, more than half of this sum ceremonies include Dr. George A. the Zionist bodies and Jewish Na- —the largest quota in the com- Buttrick, president of the Fed- "Where Next, and Who. Next?"—elsewhere in this tional Fund Councils in 38 states munity's fund-raising history— eral Council of the Churches of issue of The Chronicle speaks volumes in defense of of the Union, called upon the was raised, Christ in America; Dr. David de this rule: "Except for the grace of our good fortune, Milton Meretsky is chairman of Sole Pool, president of the Syna- Jewish communities to provide we would now be with them(the persecuted Jews "active and universal support for the campaign. Other officers are: gogue Council of America; the the United Jewish Appeal for Vice-chairmen, Rabbi Nahum Rt. Rev. Msgr. John J. Clarke, overseas), for we are all one in historical back- Refugees and Overseas Needs" Schulman, Reuben Medoff, Jerry representing the Most Rev. Thom- ground." now in progress in many parts Glans and Frances Geller; treas. as E. Molloy, Roman Catholic Therefore, to give double of last year is not of the country, and to cooperate urer, Eli Golden; honorary chair- Bishop of Brooklyn; the Rt. Rev. John I. Blair Lamed, Suffragan enough. It is necessary to think in terms of giving with the Jewish National Fund men, J. Kovinsky and S. Me ret. in its long-range program for en- sky; secretary, Morris Tabachnick; Bishop of the l'rotestant Eipsco- 500 per cent and more. members of administrative com- pal diocese of Long Island; Wil- listing mass support. This is the new standard of giving—and of liv- liam Church Osborn, president of The resolution which outlined mittee, L. Adelman, A. Adler, C. the Temple of Religion; Grover ing—for the American Jews. Baum, Wm. Berkovitz, M. Burn- the program for 1939 expression stine, I. Blitzer, Z. Bogin, B, Whalen, president of the Fair to the "encouragement" derived Brody, B. D. Caplan, 11. Cher- Corporation; and Mayor Fiorello by the conference from its Cohen, 1. Cohen, J. Cohen, LaGuardia. "knowledge that our destiny, niak, J. B. Cohen, Starting at noon, one hour af- M D. Croll, J. Gitlin, throughout the world and..i Dr. ;•GeMbittinto-B.• letr,"*.eKap• -tet-the Fair gatei-are-opened to CONFERENCE TO NEU ' Palestine, is bound un with the Ian, M.' Kovinsky, H. Meretsky, the public, the program will in- destiny of democracy itself" and M. Noble, J. Orechin, L. Paizner, clude carillon music and a rendi- SUNDAY IN ANN ARBOR recalled "with deep gratitude the M. Parnes, N. Hamm, II. Rosen- tion of Ilandel's Messiah by the consistent friendship for the thal, N. Itotenberg, B. Snyder, J. Schola Cantorum. Zionist movement on the part of Soble, M. Stone, M. Sumner, N. Christian Manifesto Against Anti- the United States, its ('residents, Tepperman, B. Yuffy, C. Zalev. Semitism Circulated by Campaign Gains Impetus; its Congresses, its leaders in all The principal speaker at the Church Federation U. S. Likely Scene of walks of life ever since it net its rally which marked the opening A "Christian Manifesto," call- approval upon the Balfour Dec- of the drive, held Monday eve- ing upon all citizens to "remem- World Zionist Congress laration 21 years ago." ning at the Shear Hashomayim ber that anti-Semitism is a threat Synagogue, was delivered by Rabbi to democracy and a denial of Leaden Review Position Leaders of all Zionist groups Taking as their principal theme Leon I. Feuer of Toledo. A pre- the fundamental principles upon in Detroit will convene during the work of rescue of the Jew- campaign rally held Thursday eve- which this nation is founded," is • the the cooling week to organize ish victims of persecution in ning, April 13, at the home of being circulated here among the local committee for the registra- totalitarian countries and the Simon Meretsky was addressed Protestant churches of metropoli- by Dr. Vernon Rosenberg, a refu- tan New York by the Greater (PLEASE TURN TO PAGE II tion of Detroit Jewry for the gee, who was formerly a judge in New York Federation of forthcoming World Zionist Con- Berlin. Churches. gress elections through the sale Noting with "profound con- The following causes are in- cluded in the Windsor campaign: cern" the manifestation of a of Shekolim. Joint Distribution Committee, Uni- "spirit of anti-Semitism" in this The news that the forthcoming ted Palestine Appeal, Canadian country, the statement points out World Zionist Congress, to be held Jewish Congress, Ilias, Youth Ali- that "the conscience of Protest- next summer, is likely to meet yah, ORT Federation, Vaad Haye- ant Christendom, as recorded at in the United States, has aroused shivos, Gewerkschaften, Keren the great Ecumenical Conference t'lle greatest interest and enthu- Prof. Levin Favors Co-Oper- Mizrachi, Yiddish Wissenschaft held at Oxford, England, during siasm among Jews. When this Institut, Centos, Medem Senator- July of 1937, expressed itself in ation With Labor to news materializes, it will be the ium, Cisho Schools. (PLEASE TURN TO PAGE 5) first time in the history of the Defend Democracy Zionist movement that the "Jew- ish Parliament in l'rogress" will In a most illuminating, address meet outside of Europe. It will also be the first international devoted to an analysis of Fas- gathering of world Jewry on cism and Fascist tendencies in PROF. RAPHAEL ISAACS American soil. this country, Prof. Samuel M. Officially selected delegates from America has become the likely Levin of Wayne University, in traditional orthodox congregations scene for the World Zionist Con- an addresss before the adult dis- Son of Former U. S. Ambassador to Germany to Appear throughouht Michigan and repre- gress because of the uncertain sentatives of over GO smaller Jew- situation in Europe which makes cussion group of Shaarey Zedek on Program Aimed at Defense of ish settlements in the state where it undesirable, if not impossible, last Sunday morning, urged that no organized synagogues exist, to hold the Congress outside of American Democracy Jews adopt a more militant atti- will convene all day Sunday, April America. Another contributing tude in dealing with anti-Semi- 23, at Ann Arbor, for the first factor is the growing interest tism and advocate greater co- I PLEASE TURN TO PAGE 3I operation with labor groups. and influence which Amyl iran Prof. Levin advocated legisla- Jewry is exerting in the develop- tion against the libeling of a race ment of the Jewish National and the prohibition of uniformed Home in Palestine. gangs like the Bund. Pointing to In view of this likelihood, all the strong stand against Fascism parties in the American Zionist taken by both labor factions in movement have itensified their this country, he declared that efforts in the Shekel Campaign Tidbits from Everywhere which is seeking to register labor offers the strongest opposi- tion to anti-democratic groups 1,000,000 American Jews, 18 By PHINEAS J. BIRON and that greater cooperation years of age and over, in defense should be given the labor move- of Palestine. (Copyright MIL S. A. F Si ment in this fight. A nation-wide effort to dis- Pointing out that Fascism is a seminate the Shekel and to enlist HOME NEWS new force—the term was not yet the moral support of American listed in the 1924 dictionaries— Attention James Marshall, bed Jewry in the cause of the Jewish and that Judaism is the oldest in- of the New York City Board of National Home was inaugurated stitution in existence, Prof. Levin Education: Letterheads foaling a month ago under the auspices described the present battle as the name of Thomas F. Mulligan, of the U. S. Shekel Board. the the new pitted against the old importer, of 287 Hudson St., New central agency in which all Zion- principles. He pointed out that York, are being distributed free ist parties and groups in this modern civilization is Judea- of charsee to public schools for country are represented. Christian and that Fascism's fight use as scrap paper ... These let- Scores of national and local against modern civilization's terheads, printed on good payer, organizations, hitherto officially agencies must, therefore, also be carry. on the bottom, a line read- unaffiliated. are now cooperating directed against Christianity. ing: "America, discovered, settled in the effort in order to secure a The characteristics of Fascism and developed by Christians, huge representative American were described by Prof. Levin as ought to be exclusively for true delegation to the forthcoming inveterate opposition to democ- born Christians" ... Our exhaus- Zionist Congress. racy, deification of the state, it• tive researches brought out the William I. Siegel. chairman, is anti-rational and takes a stand fact that no such Mr. Mulligan and Dr. Samuel M. Schmidt. ex- against reason, it glorifies power exists, and nobody seems to know ecutive secretary, of the U. S. and force and is opposed to or- exactly who is distributing the Central Shekel Board, in a joint ganized labor. letterheads . . . Even the tele- statement dertsred that the The state-managed anti-Semi- phone number given, Walker "Register in Defense of Palestine tism of Germany was described 8489, and the cable address, 'dui- Throueh the Medium of the by Prof. Levin as being founded bla, provide no clues. Shekel" effort is now progressing on mob psychology. Nazism, he How come New York's Mecca satisfactorily in more than 300 WILLIAM E. DODD, JR. Raid, makes the mob conscious Temple, a Masonic institution. has communities and that hundreds William E. Dodd, Jr., son of gene University and the Univer- been rented to the anti-Semitic of rone•errations. Men's (flubs not of Jewish contributions but of propaganda about deceit and the former U. S. Ambassador to sity, of North Carolina. In 1936 American Nationalist Party for and Ladies Auxiliaries and simi- destruction. He branded as fool- Germany, will deliver the address he was secretary of the interna- a meeting early in May? lar bodies. in addition to the ish any notion that people will on the "Democracy Speaks" pro- tional office of the International We hope somebody will pro- various Zionist brae•es and not yield to such propaganda gram on Station CKLW from Peace Campaign in 1936. During duce a play called "Nights in Trout's are enlsting their mem- when hammered into the minds 7:45 to 8:15 p. m. Monday, April the past two years he served on Armor," which is about the as- bership as Shekel pavers in order 24. The subject of his address the executive staff of the Ameri- sassination of a man whose death that they may qualify as voters of the people. Expressing faith that the Fas- will be "Coughlin—A Nazi Hero." can League for Peace and De- brings peace . . . Every Nazi of- in the fortheomin. election of (ism of Europe can not be plant- Mr. Dodd, who has taught his- mocracy and was national chair- finial in Berlin has been sent a delegates to the World Zionist ed on American soil, Prof. Levin tory in American universities, re- man of the China Aid Council. copy, we hear. Congress and to make clear their W e wonder what it means that stand on the Palestine issue. nevertheless warned that there is ceived his Ph. D. in Germany be- Last year he was the unsuccess- The Congress is to meet during danger of our going astray be- fore Hitler acquired power. He ful candidate for Congress from Hitler's "Mein Kampf" in rapidly ( PLEASE T•R-N TO PAGE 3) (PLEASE TURN TO PAGE I) ( PLEASE TURN TO PAGE a) was instructor in history at Rut- the early part of August. WELFARE CAMPAIGN OPENS IN WINDSOR European Powers to U Refugee Element in Militant Set-Up ALASKA IS NOW SEEN AS POSSIBLE HAVEN Anti-Jewish La w s Hasten Emigration from Bo- hamia•Moravia Workers Inspired to Action by Addresses by Dr. Abba Hillel Silver and Albert D. Lasker RABBIS JONAH WISE AND FEUER TO SPEAK MONDAY, THURSDAY PARIS (WNS) — The Jour- nal Official published new decrees issued by the French government which provide for the untilization of aliens living in France, par- ticularly refugees and "stateless" persons, in the event of war. The decrees make military obligation mandatory and the measure to use aliens in defense plans was Deeply moved by latest occurrences throughout the received with joy by refugees and stateless persons, who have demon- world which are increasing' the plight of refugees and strated their willingness to serve are multiplying their numbers, workers the in the special France in wartime. Another measure ordered foreign organiza- gifts division and the executive committee of the 1939 tions to register with the Interior Allied Jewish Campaign on Sunday officially commenced Ministry which plans to issue per- their solicitations in the unprecedented relief effort, snits to those allowed to continue The pre-campaign workers were inspired to action RS a means of curbing Nazi activi- '1 by an eloquent address at Hotel ties and suppressing anti-Semitic 'Stotler on Sunday afternoon by propaganda. The decrees impose Dr. Abbe Hillel Silver of Cleve- the same military and other obli- rand who, together with Rabbi gations on stateless and refugees Will Address Local Jonah B. Wise of New York, heads as cover French citibens. Campaign Meetings the United Jewish Appeal for These new measures were de- Monday and Thursday Refugees and Overseas Needs. Dr. cided upon following a special I Silver was introduced by Henry Cabinet committee conference, pre- 1Vineman, chairman with Ffed M. sided over by l'remier Edouartl Butte' of the Detroit Allied Jew- Daladier, after adoption by the ish Campaign. full cabinet of decrees aimed at regulating the status of aliens in On Wednesday, at the pre.cam- wartime. palgn workers' first report meet- Meanwhile, the League to Com- ing at the Book Cadillac Hotel, bat Anti-Semitism issued an ap- an Important address was deli,. peal to the Jewish population, in erect by Albert D. Lasker of Chi- view of the growing international cago, former chairman of the tension, to refrain from political United States Shipping Board. discussions in public places. The Rabbis Wise, Feuer to Speak appeal called on Jews to main- • Two important pre-campaign tain a passive attitude and not to meetings will be held this week, reply to provocative remarks. to hear reports of workers and to The decrees issued by the proville an opportunity for key, French government calling for people In the drive to consult on military conscription of aliens liv- the issues involved. ing in France and which impose wartime obligations on refugees' On Monday, April 24, Rabbi and "'stateless" persons were fav- Jonah B. Wise will address the orably received. Thousands of Jew- • luncheon meeting at the Statler . ish refugees offered their services At noon on Thursday, April 27, to France without waiting for Rabbi Leon I. Feuer of Toledo, conscription as provided in the will address another luncheon decrees. Meanwhile newspapers meeting at the Statler. reported that a fund amounting, Rabbi Wise, as one of the na- RABBI JONAH B. WISE to 800,000 francs had been raised tional chairmen of the United by aliens living in France for the Jewish Appeal, is today one of the purchase of airplanes to -be - turned betrinfermed men In . the -coun- over to the war department as 1. try on conditions affecting the oof of their willingness to serve status of world Jewry. Son of the rance. late Isaac M. Wise, founder of the Hebrew Union College and of Refugee Haven in Alaska Seen the Reform movement in Ameri- Possible can Judaism, Rabbi Wise gradu- WASHINGTON (WNS) — De- ated from the University of Cin- partment of Interior experts, in cinnati, was ordained rabbi at He- submitting their report to Secre- brew Union College and studied tary Harold L. Ickes on the pos- at the Universities of Berlin, Ger- sibilities of settling European many, and Berne, Switzerland. He refugees in Alaska, suggested such is at present rabbi of the Cen- a project would be beneficial to tral Synagogue of New York, and the territory and to the United formerly held pulpits in Chattan- States if properly plan n ed and ooga, Tenn., and Portland, Ore. privately financed. Commenting on Rabbi Feuer was born in Hazel- the report Mr. Ickes pointed out (PLEASE TURN T) LAST PAGE) that lack of man power and capi- tal now stood in the way of de- velopment of Alaska. Ile empha- sized, however, that the depart- ment had reconimendts1 no specific settlement plans and that the prob- lem involved question of national defense and immigration beyond the jurisdiction of the Interior De- partment. Clean-Up and Reviewing In a radio address sponsored by RABBI LEON L FEUER Committees Aim to Reach Reports to Be Heard on Progress of Pre- Campaign Activities; U. S. Jewry Is Urged to Lead in Refugee Relief Fi TO FORM DETROIT SHEKEL COMMITTEE Fr A MILITANT STAND ON FASCISM URGED fVm. E. Dodd, Jr., to Address "Democracy Speaks" Monday Strictly Confidential I WOMEN'S PROJECT CONTINUES DRIVE (PLEASE TORN TO LAST PAGE) Full Quota Yiddish Makes Its Mark Thanks to I. J. Singer and Sholem Asch, Great Yiddish Works in English Translations Are Now Among the Best Sellers Yiddish has come into its own as a world linguistic force. thanks to the work of outstanding writ- ers like I. J. Singer and Sholem Asch which, in English transla- tion, are beginning to find their rightful places among the best sellers During the last generation, the works of Mendels Mocher Seto- rim, Sholem Aleichem and Judah Leib Perez claimed places of priority, but even in English translations they reached only the Jewish audience—and a limit- ed one at that. But it is different with the works of I. J. Singer and Sholem Asch. They number among their readers non-Jews as well as Jews. They have gained fame to such an extent that they are even men- tioned for the Nobel Prize in Lit- erature. Sholem Asch has gained fame through "The War Goes On," "The Mother," "Salvation," three shorter novels recently published by Putnam's, his most recent "Song of the Valley," the epic story of the redemption of the Emek Israel. and numerous other works. I. J. Singer first came into public notice with his "Yoshe Kalb," which Was published as • novel under the title "The Sin- ner" Later came "The Brother Ashkenazi." Recently a series of his short stories appeared under the title "The River Breaks Up," and now we have another great novel by Singer, "East of Eden." Thanks to them, Yiddish makes its mark as a recognized linguis- tic force through the translations in English. Singer's "East of Ede." Singer's "East of Eden," pub- lished by Alfred A. Knopf, de- serves a place of highest ranking among the latest works of fic- tion. It is the story of a Polish- Jewish boy who grew up in great poverty. A sensitive soul, the economic difficulties and the wave of injustice heaped upon Jews creates in hint a sense of bitter- ness. The World War helps to crush his spirit. The German oc- cupation of Warsaw adds to his helplessness. He is frantic. seeks relief, goes to Soviet Russia in search for his Eden. There follows disillusionment and heartbreaking disappoint- ment. Later he is driven out of his new Eden. Ile is homeless again. hopeless again, a wanderer between two frontiers: This is an unusually great story. It is a masterpiece of fic- tion and is an especially timely novel as a commentary on the tragedy of Jewish homelessness. "The River Breaks Up" It is in order at this lisle to refer again to Mr. Singer's fine collection of short stories which Alfred A. Knopf has published under the title "The River Breaks Up." Nothing that has been pub- lished in the host decade equals in effectiveness the description of life among East European Jews in these short Aeries. There are social problems, economic issues, religious inci- dents. The entire gamut of Jew. ish life in Poland is experienced in the 13 stories in this splendid collection. But there is an act of justice— in spite of the tragedies depicted in these stories. This act affects the author himself. The final story, "Doctor Georgia," is built around American experiences, and the author reveals the fact that he has applied for American citizenship and that he has left behind him the squalor and mis- ery of Poland. "East of Eden" and "The River Breaks Up" were both translated from the Yiddish by Maurice Samuel. Shale.. Asels's "Three Novels" Previous to his "Song of the 0.1.21A101 TURN TO LAFI ?AIM/ With enthusiastic workers be- hind them, Mrs. Isaac Gilbert, chairman of the clean-up squad, and Mrs. Abraham Cooper, head of the reviewing committee, fore- see that this week $40,000 of the Women's Project's $50,000 goal will be reported and the full quo- ta realized by May 7, the official opening day of the Allied Jewish Capipaign. Inaugurated this year as a spe- cial drive, the women of Detroit's Jewish community organized the Women's Project to raise $50,000 toward the quota of the 1939 campaign. Without precedent or model by which to be guided, an advisory board, headed by Mrs. Joseph M. Welt, set up campaign machinery in record time, in- volving 10 divisions, 100 captains and 1,000 workers. Functioning smoothly, the Women's Project campaign or- ganization spread throughout the city, carrying the campaign mes- sage into every Jewish home in Detroit. Workers reported $35.- 630 at the Project's closing rally on April 7, pledged by more than 3,500 women as independent sub- scribers. "These contributions represent new money;" said Mrs. Joseph M. Welt, who also served as chair- man for the entire Project, with Mrs. Joseph H. Ehrlich as honor- ary chairman. They are contribu- tions over and above the regular joint subacriptions to be made by husband and wife, or money sub- scribed as part of en organiza- tional pledge to the 1939 drive." "We have already done a re- markable job," said Mrs. Hyman C. Broder, vice-chairman of the Project. "A few weeks ago most of the women in our community were unfamiliar with Allied Jew- lab Campaign objectives or Pro- cedure. But our thousand work- ers proceeded like veterans. and brought in this substantial sum of money. Now, with the sroal in sight, we are not going to stop. Our workers have pledged their services until the entire quota h achieved." Mrs. Julian IL Xrolik Is serv- ing as secretary of the Project and Mrs. H. J. I.. Frank Is treas. 11Ttr.