THEPLTROITAWISACIIROHICLE PAGE TEN September 3, 1937 and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE Happy New Year WEISMAN PONTIAC CO. AL WEISMAN Sales — Service 4846 to 54 Woodward Ave. TEMPLE 1.7540 AT WARREN AVE. ROSII IIASIIONAII GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES Chicago Reform Temple Re- turns to Friday Evening Services WHEN THE CONSTITUTION WAS BORN CHICAGO (WNS)—Continu- ing the trend back toward Ortho- doxy in Reform Judaism, Temple Isaiah Israel, one of Chicago's largest Reform temples, will re- tur nto the Friday evening ser- vices which will start after the High Holidays. The change is the first important reform instituted by the temple's new spiritual lead- er, Rabbi Morton M. Berman, former assistant to Dr. Stephen S. Wise at New York's Free Syna- gogue. By BERTRAM JONAS The guide who shows Holly- wood visitors the places of inter- est is a brother of the late Cap- tain Ernst Roehm, one-time boss of the Nazi storm troops, who was killed in the 1934 purge. Berlin Is buzzing with talk that Iljalmer Schacht, Naziland's eco- nomic magician, is elated to get the gate. ATTE 11205 GRAT1011:146 MICHIGAN DETROIT'S EXCLUSIVE HATTER SINCERE GOOD WISHES FOR A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS NEW YEAR Service Office Supply Co. COMPLETE OFFICE OUTFITTERS NATE BALABAN — SOL ALLEN BALABAN IRA SCI1LESINGER — HERBERT KLEIN MEYER KUNECK 427 WOODWARD AVENUE RANDOLPH 8030 GREETINGS We join in wishing All of Our Detroit Jewish Community A VERY HAPPY NEW YEAR BEN TOLMICH General Agent CONTINENTAL ASSURANCE CO. OF ILLINOIS A HAPPY NEIV YEAR 974 National Bank Bldg. J. Kelsey McClure Cherry 3290 INC. Rosh Ilashonah Greetings PACKARD KAUFMAN PICKLE CO. SALES AND SERVICE 8500 Woodward MAdison 7123 KOSHER PRODUCTS Pickles, Vinegar, Mustard, GROCERS SPECIALTIES Sincere New Year Greetings Red Indian Oil Co. I. B. DWORMAN, Gen. Mgr. Distributors of Fleet Wing Gas and Motor Oils 12401 CLOVERDALE Phone 'lomat 3275 Harold Blake Sales Div. We offer hundreds of qualified homes for sale Most of these homes are in the preferred "NORTHWEST" Area 3915 W. 7-MILE ROAD UNIVERSITY 2.6274 ROSH IIASIIONAII GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES OFFICE FURNITURE WOOD or METAL Exclusive Agents for Doten-Dunton, Standard and Gunn Desks,Gunlocke Chairs GENERAL FIREPROOFING CO. Steel Filing Equipment—Desks—Safes—Alumin uh Chairs Gregory Mayer & Thom Co. Stationery, Printing, Engraving, Lithographing, Blank Books, Loose-Leaf Devices, Oftice Furniture 41 Cadillac Square CAdillac 9330 We extend best wishes to all our friends and customers for a Happy and Prosperous New Year Cadillac Ginger Ale Co., Inc. MORRIS J. NEWMAN 688 E. COLUMBIA RANDOLPH 3430 Manufacturers of FINE BEVERAGES IN ALL FLAVORS Rest Wishes for the New Year BOOMS BROTHERS, INC. Hardware and Blacksmith Supplies 1369 MONROE RANDOLPH 8553 (glad a rensus been taken onthe ete of the Constitutional Contention It would Mite dikdowd • Joni.lt population of 3.000 In She lilted Males " Get acquainted 0111t American Jewry 150 testy ago through this interesting article by Bertram at Jona, written on the occasion of the sewluiretalennial relebtatIon the Amrricatn Constitution. (Copyright, 1117, eaten Arta Feature Syndicate) American Jewry already had a history of 132 years behind it in May, 1787, when George Washing- ton called to order the Philadel- phia convention which four months ater hammered out the Constitu- tion of the United States. The Jews had shared in the hardships of the pioneer colonists who took the first steps in building the fu- ture America out of a wilderness. They had been foremost among the patriots who took up arms against England and fought the bloody Revolution to win independence. Though numerically insignificant, in the year of the Constitution's birth they were a deeply-rooted ele- ment of the Ainerican people. The new era in the development of the United States ushered in with the adoption of the Constitution also marked the beginning of an epoch of Jewish progress which was des- tined to make American Jewry the largest and most important Jewish community in the world. Had a religious census been taken on the eve of the Constitu- tional Convention it would have disclosed a Jewish population of 3,000 out of a total of somewhat less than 3,000,000. N e w p or t, Rhode Island, the leading Jewish center before the Revolution, had been overshadowed by Philadel- phia, which in 1787 boasted of 1,000 Jewish residents New York had 750 Jews while Newport claimed 600. Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South Carolina, had about 200 each. The rest were scattered in other towns. Small as these communities were, they already had the beginnings of com- munal life. There were synagogues in Newport, New Yrok, Philadel- phia, Savannah and Charleston. Bearing in mind the size of the American rabbinate today, it is curious that in 1787 there were but three rabbis in the United States: Rabbi Moses Cohen of Charleston, Rabbi Isaac Touro of Newport and Rabbi Gershom Men- des Seixes of New York, Charles- ton also had a chazan while New- port also boasted of a Hebrew club. In every community, how- ever, there was a religious school in which smiler subjects were taught in addition to the strict tenets of Orthodox Judaism. New York's pioneer synagogue also had a ladies' auxiliary while in Charles- ton there was a Jewish benevolent and fraternal society, the forerun- ner of the numerous Jewish lodges. P Tradition for Philanthropy The vast system of philanthropy developed by American Jewry in the last century and a half also stems from this period. Those tiny Jewish communities were generous givers. In the absence of estab- lished eleemosynary institution!' synagogue elders boarded sick and aged Jews in their own homes, a plan now widely used in child care. A similar method was adopted for orphans. Charitable and educa- tional undertakings constantly de- pleted communal treasuries, which from their limited resources main- tained an amazing variety of social service work. Indigent Jews were frequently sent from one town to another until they were permanent- ly settled and assured of a liveli- hood. A strong feeling of kinship and co-operation existed between these Jewish communities. The commercial interdependence of Jewish traders in Newport, Savan- nah, Philadelphia, Charleston and New York was effectively utilized to help distant and isolated co-re- ligionists. Couriers for Jewish merchants always carried funds and messages for Jews in other towns. Whenever a Jewish com- munity needed assistance it was certain to be forthcoming. Yellowed congregational minute books also reveal that even as early as 1787 American Jews were no stranger to fund-raising cam- paigns. When a new synagogue was built it was generally financed by voluntary contributions in the for mof pledges by local donors and by Jews from neighboring towns. One synagogue received donations from Curacao, London and Bar- bados. Another was given books by the Jewish community In Jamaica. The hous-to-house solicitation of funds so familiar today was used with success even then. Individual Jews paid for single stones, parts of windows, decorations and other sections of synagogues. and their children found no ob- stacles of bigotry in their way. So tolerant was the America of 1787 that intermarriage between Jews and the most aristocratic Christian families were fairly common. A Successful Community Although generally speaking the synagogue was the chief social center for the Jews, who kept to themselves as much as possible and settled their differences among themselves without recourse to the courts, intermarriage, apostasy and the sharply-defined social dis- tinctions between the Sephardic and Ashkenazic elements were among the most aggravating prob- lems facing American Jewry in 1787. Conversion made constant in- roads into the Jewish population, no much so, that today many blue- blooded American families can find a Jewish ancestor somewhere in their pedigree. Among the more prominent apostates were Judah Monis, Hebrew instructor at Har- vard, Isaac Miranda, who became a judge in Philadelphia, the chil- dren of David Emanuel, the eighth governor of Georgia, and the Pinto brothers of New Haven. Intermar- riage between the daughters of Sephardic families and the landed Christian gentry were common. The most famous of these unions united the Franks family and a scion of the aristocratic De Lan- ceys. To counteract the effects of apostasy and intermarriage strenu- ous efforts were made to strength- en the appeal of Judaism. One of the most notable of these was Isaac Pinto's translation of the Hebrew prayers into English. Much has been written about the J e w i s h merchants, ship-owners, brokers, land speculators, Indian traders, soldiers, financiers and patriots who rendered such great service to the American cause dur- ing the Revolution. But by 1787 the American Jews numbered not merely successful traders and mer- chants, but doctors, scientists, law- yers, philanthropists, patrons of the arts and learning, scholars and skilled craftsmen. Gilbert, Stuart, Sully, and Malbone were among the prominent American portrait painters commissioned to paint the wealthy American Jew of 1787 and his wife. Some of these portraits, still extant, show that the Jews dressed like their neighbors. Syna- gogue elders wore the same waist- coats, knee-breeches, buckled shoes, powdered wigs and ruffled ,shoes that graced the persons of the dele- gates to the Constitutional Conven- tion. Jewish ladies of that day were quite as well dressed as their Christian sisters, sparing no ex- pense in importing finery from Paris and London. Political Recognition Jewish professional men were no longer rarities by 1787. There were Jewish physicians practicing 8622 OAKLAND in Philadelphia, Savannah and New Madison 2622 York. The first graduating classes of Columbia and Pennsylvania Uni- versities numbered Jews among them. Some of the more prosper- ous Jews were generous supporters of educational institutions. Moses Franks was a liberal donor to Co- Rosh Hashonah Greetings lumbia. Israel Joseph and Moses to the L indo of Charleston gave large JEWISH MASTER BAKERS sums to Brown University. Aaron with deep appreciation for Lopez helped found Leicester Acad- emy in Newport and Abraham their patronage Hart and Jacob Rivera were pa- trons of Newport's first library. Rabbi Gershom Mendes Seizes was a trustee of Columbia, In 1787 there were only two Staten in which an observant Jew could hold public office, yet Ameri- can Jewry had already won recog- nition in political life before the 1520 15TH ST. Federal Constitution outlawed re- ligious tests. Francis Salvador had Lafayette 5650 served in the South Carolina legis- lature. Moses Levy was a judge in Philadelphia. Even New York had elected a Jew to the legislature. The men who drafted the Constitu- tion numbered many Jews among Happy New Year to All their friends. Many of the found- ing fathers had been dependent on Ilaym Salomon's bounty. Wash- ington knew the Jews from the days of the Revolution. Franklin had contributed toward a fund for the building of a synagogue in Philadelphia. Charles Pinckney of South Carolina, author of the re- Awnings, Tents, Tarpaulins ligious liberty clause in the Con- We specialize on Repairing stitution, had been the bosom com- panion of Salvador. In short, by and Waterproofing 1787 the Jews of America had gained a firm foothold in every sphere of American life and had All Were Observant Jews 2728 W. FORT ST. In those early days even the laid the groundwokr for Jewish wealthiest Jews were Orthodox in participation in the future growth Phone LAfayette 2154 belief and practice. The Jewish pf the United States. leaders, lay and spiritual, strug- gled to maintain Jewish unity by an inflexible and unbending OrthO. (C haracter, Temperament Is dozy. Absentees from Sabbath Responsible for Jewish services were fined. Even a minor Right-to-Left Writing Happy New Year to All desecration of the Sabbath, such Its shaving, caused angry criticism. PRAGUE— (WNS) — Basic Violators of the dietary laws were differences in character, temper- threatened with excommunication. Jewish holidays and festivals were ament, outlook on life and reli- scrupulously observed. Proselytes gious beliefs between the Orient- were not tolerated and marriages al and European races are the between Jews and proselytes were reason why the Phoenicians and forbidden. In matters of kashruth ancient Israelites wrote from Exclusive Frocks and religion the dicta of the syna- right to left, while the European gogue elders were law. Their au- peoples, beginning with the thority was supreme because they Greeks of antiquity, wrote from had power to withhold membershipp left to right, according to a 9116 GRAND RIVER AVE. in the congregation, which was al- study of the psychology of hand- most the sloe center of Jewish life. writing. by Willy Schoenfeld, TYLER 6.1827 published in the Jewish Review Few Jews risked such ostracism. Despite this fervent Orthodoxy of Munkacz. Schoenfeld claims and the fact that most Jews lived that the Jewish personality is apart from their Gentile neighbors, introverted, its characteristics be- Christian-Jewish relations were no ing contemplation, concentration, problem. Some of the wealthy Sep. sensitiveness and egocentricity, the ancient Greeks, who Happy New Year to All I herdic families were readily ac- while cepted in Christian society. The first changed the traditional way Franks, Sheftalls, Riveras, Lo- of writing from right to left to penes, Touros, Levys, Gratzes and the modern left to right, were, other leading Jewish families were like the modern Europans. extra- no strangers to Christian social verts, restless, active and arrives- life. Masonry was an important sive, with the lust of conquest point of contact between Jews and The older theory that lefthand- Gentiles. The camaraderie engen- nen was the reason for the Sem - dered by the Revolution was still a itic way of writing has no scien• Special Attention vital factor in preventing the emer- title basis, Schoenfeld asserts. gence of racial or religious preju- APARTMENTS — HOTELS Binnie Barnes has cancelled her dice. The patriotism of Ifaym Salomon, already dead two years, plans to sail for England to make of Francis Salvador of South Caro. a movie for Alexander Korth% in 5937 ML Elliott fins, Mordecai Sheftall of Georgia, order to take the second feminine Benjamin Nenes of Philadelphia, lead in "The Adventures of Marco PLase 3880 Manuel Mordecai Noah, father of Polo." . Larry Adler's work in Mordecai, and many other Jewish "Tbe Singing Marine" is making sons of 1776, were still fresh. They the critics to rave. DETROIT SUGAR MILLING CO. ROSY HASHONAH GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES A Picture of American Jewry in 1787 COBB CANVAS COMPANY PEGGY ANN Superior Sash & Screen Co. Classes in Zionism and farming The ban on non-Aryan musicians Masada Summer School will also be a feature of the pro- doesn't prevent the music of Jew- and Camp Opens Aug. gram. ish composers from being played 24 at Cream Ridge, N.J. The summer school will be held in the cafes and music halls of Dr. Joachim Prinz, famous for his courageous, leadership of Ger- man Jewry under the Hitler re- gime, has joined the faculty of the second annual summer school and camp of Masada, youth Zionist or- ganization of America. Dr. Prinz arrived in the United States last week. He is noted as an orator and scholar and is the author of many important books on the Jewish question. Other members of the faculty will include A. II. Friedland of Cleveland, noted Hebrew poet and scholar who will lecture on modern Hebrew literature; Dr. Jacob S. Golub, head of the educational de- partment of the Zionist Organiza- tion of America; Elias Newman, the distinguished Palestine land- scape painter, and II. Salpeter. Isaac Ember, national president of Masada, will report on the proceed- ings of the 20th World Zionist Con- gress, to which he was a delegate. at the training farm of the He- chaultz Organization of America, at Cream Ridge, N. J., and will open on Aug. 24 to continue for a period of 12 days to Sept. 4. Germany . . . The tunes of exiled Jewish musicians are sold to note copiers in Ilamburg, who sell the copies to bandmasters at from 3 to 5 marks a piece. GREETINGS .. . AND OUR BEST WISHES FOR THE NEW YEAR II. P. Ullmann Company happy New Year to All Selling Agent for Frank Becker Towing Company All Widths and Weights in our Detroit Stock 4103 W JEFFERSON LAfayette 9592 STEIN-HALL BURLAP 5203.05 Loraine Ave. Phone. TYler 6-5422-34 Rosh Hashanah Greetings ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS AND BEST WISIIES KLETT MOTO RSALES SALES- OLDSMOBILE —SERVICE McNichols Motor Sales DE SOTO AND PLYMOUTH DEALERS SOL CIIARNES, Owner ELMER L. WIEDRICK, General Mgr. 21121 GRAND RIVER AVE. REdford 3640 10039 W. 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