5 cwisk PerioScal Cotter

CLIFTON AMU' • CINCINNATI 30, OHIO

7 Ekiloarallasif6Rmyvian

September 3, 1937

cod THE LEGAL CHRONICLE

NOV

•
NELSON TANNING
CORP.

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

NOBLE BUICK CO.

Greetings from Bay City, Mich.

The Constitution, Bulwark of Religious Freedom in
America: On the Occasion of the 150th
Birthday of the Constitution

Rosh Hashonah Greetings and Best Wishes to.AII Jewry

PHONE 22.811

MUSKEGON, MICII.

A HAPPY AND JOYOUS HOLIDAY

•

L. L. WILLIAMS ROOFING CO.

WM. TARDIF, Manager

1301 WILLIAMS

PHONE 22.869

MUSKEGON, MICH.

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

•

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

ARROW CARTAGE CO.

NAPH•SOL REFINING
COMPANY

Theendment which actiamntera freedom of religion In the American Coned-
lotion "Me retitled only four yenro after the conothatIon woo adopted by
the l'hIludrIphin convention of IIA7. In this mil•.. Horner.' rental totes
the sarlou. sletw through which rrllgluna Poen, aro Itnprognebly fasten
to the founeoork of the Conotitution.

IIENRY DYKEMA

THE MART

PHONE 23013

MUSKEGON, MICH,

ROSII HASHONAH GREETINGS

MUSKEGON, MICH.

P. J. CONNELL CO.

BUILDERS' SUPPLIES

742 WATER STREET

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

When the fifty-five men who
were destined to become the Joint
authors of the Constitution of the
United States convened in Inde-
pendence Hell, Philadelphia, on
May 14, 1787, to fashion the docu-
ment which was to he adopted on
Sept. 17, there were only two
states — New York and Virginia
— whose laws did not contain
either some form of discriminp-
tory religious test for public a-
fire or give a legal preference to
some religious sect or sects, includ-
ing, in some instances, even ex-
press establishment of some de-
nomination. New Hampshire, Con-
necticut, New Jersey, Georgia and
both Carolinas insisted on Protest-
antism. Delaware and Maryland
were content with Christianity.
Four required assent to the divine
inspiration of the Old and New
Testaments. Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Connecticut, hfary-
land and South Carolina adhered
to religious establishments. In
short, the country was far from
recognizing absolute religious
liberty in its statute books or in

PHONE 22.034

MUSKEGON, MICH.

QUALITY
BEVERAGE CO.

ROSII IIASIIONAH GREETINGS

WALTER C. MASON

MUSKEGON, MICH .

27 - 29 WEBSTER AVENUE

MUSKEGON, MICII.

NIUSKEGON, MICH.

,m HT WISHES TO ALT.

FORTIER
MOTOR SALES C.O.

ROSH IIASIIONAII GREETINGS

Sale. and Service

1165 Third

DIAL 25.363

MUSKEGON, MICII.

•

SEARS. ,
ROEBUCK & CO.
•

Phone 23.407

MUSKEGON, MICH.

979 PINE

A HAPPY NEW YEAR

Broadway
Pharmacy

A HAPPY AND JOYOUS HOLIDAY

L. B. Grover, Prop.

MAIHOFER MOORE & DE LONG

101 W. BROADWAY

. CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

315 HACKLEY BLDG.

DIAL 22.176

Phone 32.357

MUSKEGON, MICII,

REST WISHER Ti) ALL

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

CLARK & FRIELING

TASTY HOME BAKERY

MASON CONTRACTORS
CONCRETE AND BRICK WORK

WILLIAM SIERADZKI, Proprietor

169 E. IONA

SNOWHITE
BAKING CO.

318 APPLE

MUSKEGON, MICH.

DIAL 25.331

MUSKEGON, MICH.

839 TERRACE
MUSKEGON; MICH.

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

Muskegon Auto Top & Body Co.

See Furniture Co.

40 E. CLAY

OTTAWA & EASTERN

America's Constitution
On Religious Liberty
. . . All officers, both of the

A V, SMITH. Prop.

United States ■ nd the
States, shall be bound by oath
or affirmation to support this
Constitution; But no religious
test shall ever be required as
a qualification to any office or
public trust under the United
States.
—Article VI, Clause 3 of the
Constitution.
. . . Congress shall make no
law respecting an establis6
monk of religiou, or prohibit.
inf the free exercise thereof.
—First Amendment to th•
Constitution.

565 W. WESTERN
Phone 25.910

HARRY WOODARD

MUSKEGON. MICH.

PHONE 23.060

MUSKEGON, MICH.

MUSKEGON, MICH.

Sincere lloild•y Greeting,.

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

A HAPPY AND JOYOUS HOLIDAY

F. E. CUNNINGHAM

Agent

WEST MICHIGAN SIGN CORP.

DIVISION STREET GREENHOUSE

RAILWAY EXPRESS
AGENCY

Exclusive Manufacturers of
NEON TUBES AND NEON SIGNS
Signs of All Kinds
PHONE 245478
826 NORTH FIRST ST.
MUSKEGON, MICH.

S. A. NELSON

Goodrich and Western

1688 DIVISION

MUSKEGON, MICH.

'

ROSH HASIIONAll GREETINGS

OCCIDENTAL HOTEL

NORD HOTEL

•

BENJ. NORD, Proprietor

EDWARD R. SWETT, Mgr.

350 ROOMS—LARGE CAFETERIA AND DINING ROOM

CLYDE HENDRICK

Real Estate and General
Insurance

222 DANIGELIS BLDG.

Muskegon Heights, Stich.

ntsr

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

J. 0. MATTESON

VICE-PRESIDENT IN CHARGE OF MANUFACTURING

Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co.

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

Quality Aluminum Casting Co.

WHINES Tit A1.1.

HOUSTON AVENUE
GARAGE

(PLEASE TURN TO PANE TEN)

Hest Wish.. for a 'Hippy Now Year
Holiday Greetings to You

7th & Houston Phone 23.450

THE KOLAT
NASH MOTORS, Inc.
612 Adam. St.
Phan. 3081

I

1,Orig

A

ROSH HASHONAH GREETINGS

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

MUSKEGON PAPER BOX CO.

COSTON MOTOR CO.

E. J. BENTON, Pres.

Manufacturers FOLDING & SET UP PAPER BOXES

PHONE 25-455

M. L. COSTON, Pres.
PONTIAC SALES & SERVICE
—GENERAL MOTORS TRUCKS

users

NEW YEAR

1

•

CLOSE ELECTRIC CO.

RALPH 11 fly wy,

1043 PECK

Phon• 23.378

MUSKEGON. MICH.

258 MARKET STREET—MUSKEGON, MICH.
1202 PECK—MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICH.

MUSKEGON, MICH.

•

HAY CITY. MICH.

NORTH SHORE GARAGE

W. E. HUNTOON, JR.

N. MUSK ST.

A

Harm,' New Year

Dr. Herbert Karol

Chiropodist—Foot Specialist

327 Shearer Ride.
Phone 1071/
HAY CITT, MICH.
Ofrios hours. I A M to t P . IL
and by Appointment

Phone 513394

MUSKEGON, MICH.

ROSH HASI!ONAH GREETINGS

SWANSON BROS. GARAGE

Phone 23045

Muskegon, Mich.

Year to Our Jewish Friends

KUHLMAN
ELECTRIC
FACTORY

GREENWALD'S
LAUNDRY

Since 1893

713 Adams Street

Phese 115

Phone 1857

BAY CRY, MICII.

CITY, MICH.

GREETINGS

New Year's Greetings to AU
Our Jewish Friends
and Patron*

Nitschky
Electric Co.

CLAPP BROS.

General Electric
Contractors

Dry Cleaners

307 TRUMBULL AVE.

607 Washington Ave.

Phone 455

Phone 598

BAY CITY, MICII.

EDW. S. CARLING, President •

CATAWBA & CHESTNUT

PHONE 23838

A IIAPI'Y

A HAPPY NEW TEAR

UNIVERSAL
PRINTING CO.

Wm.

nu.

Commercial and Job Printing

1103 SMITH

Plion• 1250-R

BAY CITY, MICH.

sincere

Muskegon,

a
r
T fiG il G
Building Contractor ► --Manufacturers of Special Millwork
515 SIXTH
PHONE 22198
Muskegon, Mick.

HASHONAHiiREETI
TWISS GARAGE

FACTORY SUPPLY CO.

ROSH

GENERAL AUTO REPAIRING
1185 MARQUETTE
noise 255267
Musloegeo, Mick.

L.

E. PICKLE, Pres.

942 TERRACE ST.

PHONE 23751

MUSKEGON, MICH.

■•■ ••••.

AU

Borrow Window
Shade Works

Pilots. 874

BAY

Crrr, Mien.

Mae 1/140

now

TZAR

MORA/ PEGELL.

Prep.

WELDING

Autyltnee • Gat....- '-
Portable Welding Equiposest
-All that Hill IM/01. impl ✓ r

Ell.etrie .

507 — Seel St

neon 115141
BAY CITY, MIE..1.

CITY, MICH.

510 FRAZER

201 Coveter

WELD-RITE CO.

Phone 1898

New Tear's Meetings to
Jewl•h rriendit

A HAPPY NEW YEAR

Han•burge• and Hot Deg.
Our Specialty
Open Day and Night

A HAPPY

liodilal GirriiIito

MUSKEGON, MICH.

ADRI A N

CAWS, PITHY.

The Friendly Place to Meet

BAY CRT, MICH.

Wenonah
Flourin g Mills

BAY

NEW TEAR

Red Lion Lunch

IIASIIONAH G

MUSKEGON BUILDING MATERIALS CO.

9 E. CLAY

SPENCER CORSETERIE

Fitting Men, Women and Children for Style and Support

MUSKEGON, MICII.

JOHN R. MULLEN, Manager

JERSEY ICE CREAM CO.

MRS. HATTIE LAFFERTY

PHONE 41235

1A HAPPY AND JOYOUS HOLIDAY

3

ROSII HASIIONAll GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES

2130 BOURDEN

A Happy and Prosperous New

FRANCIS E. PEIJ.ETIER,

A HAPPY NEW YEAR

ROSH HASHONAH GREETINGS

ROSII HASHONAII
GREETINGS . . .

BAY CITY, MICH.

General Auto Repairing

MUSKEGON HEIGHTS, MICH.

MUSKEGON, MICH.

997 W. WESTERN AVENUE

Al though this Article was
adopted on Aug. 30, eight days
later, on Sept. 7, the convention
received a curious letter on the
subject of religious liberty from
Jonas Phillips, a prominent Phila-
delphia Jew, who was the uncle
of Mordecai M. Noah. In this let-
ter Phillips protested against the
Pennsylvania religious test law
which forbade a Jew to hold pub-
lic office unless he acknowledged
the divine inspiration of both the
Old and the New Testament, and
urged the convention to take
steps to alter the law. Since this
letter was the only document of

MUSKEGON, MICH.

MUSKEGON, MICH.

ST. LAURENT
BROS., INC.

MUSKENON, MICH

DIAL 23.529

A HAPPY NEW YEAR

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

•

It was Charles Pinckney o f
South Carolina (the man whom
contemporary anti-Semites credi t
with having taken secret notes o f
Benjamin Franklin's mythical an -
ti-Semitic speech at the conven-
816 N. Water St.
Phone 1834
tion) who first raised the ques-
1
tion of religious liberty at the con-
BAY CITY, MICII.
vention) who first raised the
question of religious liberty at the
convention, On May 29, two weeks
•
after the delegates met, he laid
before them a proposd draft of a
constitution, Article 6, clause 24 of
Rosh Hashonah Greetings and Best Wishes to All Jewry
which provided that the legisla-
ture of the United States shall
pass no law on the subject of re-
ligion. When Pinckney's draft
failed to win approval the subject
of religious liberty was forgot-
ten temporarily, although Alexan-
der Hamilton, in his proposed con-
stitution, had also Incorporated a
rather comprehensive religious
liberty provision.
First and Washington Ave.
The question was not raised
Phone 219
again until Aug. 20, when dur-
BAY CITY, MICII.
ing the discussion on Article 6,
clause 3, dealing with an oath for
public officers to support the Con-
stitution, Pinckney urged an
amendment that "no religious test
Rosh Hashonah Greetings and Best Wishes to All Jewry
or qualification shall ever be an-
nexed to any office under the
United States." Nothing came of
this proposal until Aug. 30. On
Manufacturers of
that day clause 3 of Article 6 came
Sleepwell Brand Matt
, Box Springs, Pillows, Bedspring.
up for a final vote, and Pinckney
Studio Couches
moved to add to the Article the
1204.14 NORTH MADISON
PHONE 2453
words: "But no religious test shall
Branch: ARCADE BLDG., MIDLAND, MICH.
ever be required as a qualification
to any office or public trust under
BAY CITY, MICH.
the authority of the United
States." In urging approval of his
amendment, the South Carolinian
told the convention that it was "a
A Happy New Year
provision the world will expect TILE SEASON'S
from you In the establishment of
GREETINGS .. .
a system founded on republican
principles and In an age so liberal
and enlightened as the present."
There was virtually no debate on
or opposition to the amendment, al-
though Roger Sherman of Connec-
ticut argued that it was unneces-
Cream Brand Peanut But-
sary, "the prevailing liberality be-
ter. Famous Salted
ing a sufficient security against
Peanuts
such tests." It was approved unani-
1012 Lafayette Ave.
mously, however, with only one
slight change, the word"authority"
1101 N. Water Street
Phone 327
being expunged. Among those who
supported the motion were Gov-
Phone 928
ernor Morris of New York and
BAY CITY, MICII.
BAY CRY, MICH.
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who
had been the leaders in the fight
for religious liberty in their own
states.

PARK HOTEL

MUSKEGON ROOFING CO.

ROSH IIASIIONAII GREETINGS AND BEST WISHES

Religious Liberty Provision

A HAPPY NEW YEAR

ROSII HASHONAII GREETINGS

BAY CITY, MICH.

LEWIS
Manufacturing
Company

MUSKEGON 11E101ITS, MICH

MUSKEGON, MICH.

PHONE 2068

LEVINE MATTRESS MFG. CO .

STUDEBAKER

NEWKIRK ELECTRIC CO.

ROSH HASHONAH GREETINGS

COAL CO.

BUICK SALES IACNED

Drink Muskegon
Maid Old Fashioned
ROOT BEER

Machine Tool & Engineering Co.

practice.
Under the circumstances i t
would have been natural to expec r
that the delegates representin r
these various states would hardl
have been of one mind on the ques
tion of religious freedom. It is
fact, however, and one that is t
often ignored in histories of th
Constitution, that the framers o f
that document heatedly debate s
virtually all clauses and article I
of the Constitution except tha t
which provides for religiou
liberty.

Garber Buick Co.

Sincere Holiday Orerlinge

West Michigan Dock
and
Market Corporation
•

Itl/DLA..1. Utitit

(Copyright, 1917, Seven Arts Feature Syndicate)

B. C. NELSON, Pres,

MUSKEGON, MICII.

•

By BERNARD POSTAL

BUICK — SALES AND SERVICE

496 W. WESTERN

angels

Religions Liberty

Happy New Year to You All from Muskegon, Michigan

ROSH HASHONAII GREETINGS

PAGE NINE

.11111111 ■1■'

MY

New Tear's Greetings

from the

Seidel
Creamery Co.
m..f.t., of

VA BRO BUTTER
403 East .1a1m St.
Pk

BAY CITY, MICH.

$55

1

