p_f_sfrnaottiewisaffiRoricul

April 9, 1937

and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE

TREPLUDITAWINICIRONICI

and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE

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The Detroit Jewish Chronicle in•Itee sorreeponteme es sta-
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Sabbath Readings of the Law

Pentateuchal portion—Lev. 9:1-11:47.,
Prophetical portion—I Sam. 20:18-42.

Rosh Chodesh Nisan Readings of the Law
Sunday, April 11

Num. 28:1.15

April 9, 1937

Nisan 28, 5697

Ten Years of Human Service

The theme selected for the 10th anni-
versary celebration of the Jewish Welfare
Federation of Detroit and the Detroit
Service Group—"Ten Years of Human
Service"—is not a misnomer. It is a just
appellation for a decade of constructive
community efforts.
Many things have happened to revolu-
tionize world events during this period.
The entire world structure was several
times shaken to its very foundations by
events which threatened the overthrow of
liberalism and the destruction of all hu-
man values.
During this period the Detroit Feder-
ation has developed into a powerful com-
munity instrument. It has dmbraced every
important cause and has included within
its make-up practically every Jewish move-
ment of value. There is hardly an element
in Jewry that is outside the ranks of the
Federation—except the very small group
that is on the extreme left in political
idealogy.
In this really lies the strength of the
Federation: That opposing forces are able
to tolerate one another, and work with
each other, for the sake of building a
wholesome Jewish existence.
Coupled with the celebration of the
Federation is the observance of the 10th
anniversary of the Service Group. As the
fund-raising agency of the Federation it
has rendered yeoman service, and has or-
ganized a powerful army that is at all
times prepared to render service to wor-
thy Jewish causes.
The present celebration is an occasion
for community rejoicing.

The New Home for the Aged

The "open house" festivities at the new
Home for the Aged marked the completion
of an era in Detroit Jewish community
affairs. For many years the Jewish Old
Folks' Home campaigned for the idea that
a new building is necessary for the Jewish
aged. Numerous obstacles arose to pre-
vent the realization of this aspiration. But
two years ago the agitation for the new
building became more pronounced. The
Jewish organizations of Detroit for the
first time united in a co-ordinated body to
work both for the building fund for the
Home for the Aged as well as for the
Allied Jewish Campaign.
A community's hope is now a reality.
Our old men and women will be provided
for in one of the most attractive buildings
of its kind in the entire country. The
realization of a community aspiration jus-
tifies rejoicing. The festivies last Sunday
therefore marked a new landmark in
Detroit Jewish community efforts. Now
Detroit Jews must be prepared not only
to care adequately for this institution, but
at the same time to be liberal to all other
community causes. The realization of one
dream should point the way to the honor-
ing of all our community obligations in
as splendid a manner as we joined our
forces in behalf of the Home for the Aged.
The festivities last Sunday, which at-
tracted more than 10,000 visitors, must
not be permitted to remain merely a so-
cial event. What was seen as a concrete
community accomplishment must be util-
ized for the purpose of strengthening
the current Allied Jewish Campaign ef-
forts. The Home for the Aged will func-
tion successfully if the drive is a success.
Not only does the current quota of
$385,000 include an item for the building
fund, but it also provides for the main-
tenance fund of the home. A successful
drive will assure the acquisition of funds
for both the maintenance of the building
and the payment of the balance that is
outstanding in construction expenses.

The Study Group Preferred

Another busy year, marked by an ava-
lanche of lectures on a legion of subjects,
is drawing to an end. Once again many
organizations, and the audiences they
catered to, must be asking: Was it worth
while?
We are inclined to believe that it was
not. Not only because we have had too
many lectures, but because a single ad-
dress is not sufficient for a discussion of
any given subject. A lecturer comes to
us, gives us his view of a question, an-
swers a few questions, is dined and enter-
tained at tea, and leaves us at the mercy
of the next lecturer who goes through the
same routine.
In reality, most questions discussed re-
main either unanswered or the ground un-
surveyed. What is worse, in many in-
stances speakers attempt to cover so much
ground that their addresses are fragmen-
tary*, and such talks, unless they are highly
entertaining, prove absolutely useless for
the searching mind.
Is it worth burdening the community
lecturers on diverse topics with-

thoroughly the subjects they are inter-
ested in?
We deliberately choose the word "bur-
den" in speaking of the large number of
speakers who come to us under the man-
agement of so many Jewish groups. We
honestly believe that in most instances the
lectures are a waste of time and of money,
and we therefore suggest a substitute for
this so-called cultural vehicle.
It is the study group that should be en-
couraged rather than the individual lec-
ture. The same lecturers who are brought
for single addresses should be retained for
four, five or more sessions. It is the longer
seminar that must be made an effective
instrument for acquiring knowledge, to
the complete elimination of the fragmen-
tary speeches.
As a result of open discussion we may
hope to develop a thinking Jewish con-
stituency. But merely by stuffing the com-
munity with lectures we do not impart ad
of the desired information, but only give
our people a smattering of knowledge.
Sometimes the audiences are even con-
fused and bewildered by contradicting in-
formation handed out by lecturers who
differ in their ,views.
Therefore: we propose to our commun-
ity the development of the study and dis-
cussion groups as a means of best inform-
ing our people regarding the important
issues of the day.

Surveying Employment Problem

Lights from
Shadowland

By LOUIS PEKARSKY

Reproduction In part or whole forbid.
den, without permlealon of the Seven
Art. Feature Syndicate. OopYrightere of
(Me feature.

(Copyright, 1937, 8. A. F. 83

Religious Definition of Patriotism

Writer Declares Term Must Be Re-Defined; Calls Jingoism
Anti-Religious and Declares a New Concept Is Needed

NOTES FROM HOLLYWOOD

Mitzi Green,—remember her as
a child star?—is now sweet 16.
She is returning to Hollywood to
play her first ingenue part in a
Padro S. Berman musical produc-
tion for RKO-Radio pictures.
Mitzi has been kept busy during
the past three years appearing in
night club revues, legitimate shows
and on the radio ... Thyra Sam-
ter Winslow, noted writer, is va-
cationing in New York . . . Lil-
lian Hellman, who is writing the
screenplay for Samuel Goldwyn's
"Dead End," was a reader in a
Hollywood film studio less than
three years ago. She leaped to fame
overnight with her stage show
"The Children's Hour," and is now
one of the best and most highly
paid scenartists in the motion pic-
ture field . . . Congratulations!
George E. Stone, noted screen
actor, and Ida Pleet of Merlon, Pa.,
were married in Philadelphia by
Dr. J. Mortimer Cohen, last
Wednesday and are honeymooning
in America's film capital, which
you know is Hollywood . . . Pub-
licity Director Harry Brand of
20th Century-Fox and Director
William Wyler were recently feted
on their birthday anniversaries
. Walter Wringer tells us he had
to move heaven and earth to get
Mischa Auer—who by the way, is
going places in motion pictures
because of his ability as a come-
dian—for the leading comedy role
in "Vogues of 1938." Auer was
slated for a part in the Ernst
Lubitsch film "Angel," but Wen-
ger was able to conclude a deal
whereby he will have the services
of the young character actor whose
work is being widely acclaimed.

By DR. LOUIS L MANN
Rabbi, Chicago Sinai Congregation

(Copyright by National Conference of dew. and Christians)

At this time, when the term "patriotism" is
used so frequently, it is well to consider what
patriotism means to the religionist.

Patriotism is usually defined as a love for
one's country expressed in a willingness to die
for one's country. Religion is a way of life, a
faith in God, in man, and in duty. Religion
teaches humanity first. "Patriotism," paid Tol-
stoy, "teaches one's country first."
Religion teaches love; patriotism, hatred. Re-
ligion speaks in terms of right; patriotism in
terms of might. Religion teaches one, if possible,
to be just even to one's enemies; patriotism to
despise one's enemies. Patriotism, as Tolstoy
conceived it, was not very different from that de-
fined by Dr. Johnson, who said it was "a last
refuge of a scoundrel." Tolstoy actually believed
that patriotism made people stupid, that it served
as a renunciation of intellectuality and morality,
since every declaration of a war was an abroga-
tion of morality.
Tolstoy and Dr. Johnson notwithstanding,
patriotism is one of the loftiest sentiments of
mankind. Naturally, there is the patriotism that
is true and there is the patriotism that is false.
There are types of patriotism that are in-
compatible with religion, but these are really
burlesques on patriotism. One of them is chauv-
inism—a compound of false pride, ignorance and
boastfulness. It exaggerates one's own virtues
and emphasizes the faults of others. It sets
up barriers that are artificial and arbitrary. As
the primary function of religion is to unify man-
kind, chauvinism and religion are incompatible.

Decatur right or wrong." Decaturism and reli-
gion cannot abide in the same heart.

When patriotism becomes imperialistic, when
small nations are used as no many pawns on the
chess board, and the question of right is over-
looked and justice is ignored, and a moratorium
is placed on morality, and might becomes right,
then such patriotism, namely, imperialism and re-
ligion, are mutually exclusive.
Another wrong conception of patriotism may
be found in nationalism, conceived, not as a
means, but as an end. Internationalism is greatly
misunderstood. Some deluded souls associate it
with Sovietism. We should not surrender nation-
hood any more than an individual should surren-
der his personality. But, to use the penetrating
phrase of the Psalmist, "Nations should remem-
ber that they are but men." We have outlawed
dueling, we have eliminated tribal feuds, and
done away with struggles between clan, city and
state, but nations still believe that the way of
patriotism is the way of international combat.

Strictly
Confidential

Tidbits from Everywhere

By PHINEAS J. BIRON

(Copyright, 113(. S. A.

e

WE MUST TELL YOU
Charles C. Pinckney, the South
Carolina statesman whose so-
called diary is the basis for the
mythical speech in which Benjamin
Franklin was supposed to have
warned America against the Jews,
was so far from being an anti-
Semite that his most intimate
friend and business partner was
Francis Salvador, Jewish member
of the South Carolina Colonial
Assembly.
Senator Royal S. Copeland of
New York might be interested to
know that Robert Edward Ed-
mondson, notorious anti-Semitic
pamphleteer, is hailing the recent
Carnegie Hall meeting against the
Supreme Court reform plan, at
which Copeland was the principal
speaker, as an important victory
in the fight against the "Jewish
plot" to control the Court.
If you begin to see more further.
ing of understanding between ra.
cial and religious groups and dis-
couraging of anything tending to
discredit democracy credit the As-
sociated Film Audiences, a new or-
ganization created for just that
purpose.
for Stuermer, which is on file
in the current periodical room of
the New York Public Library, may
be read only in an out-of-the-way
corner . . . It's• kept under lock
and key in a special file.
THINGS TO MATCH
A German-language talking
film, made in Germany under the
noses of the Neale despite the fact
that it satirizes Hitler, is to be
distributed in this country by the
Garrison Film Corporation . . .
Entitled "'Soap Bubbles," the pic-
ture was produced in the Rex
Studios, owned by a Nazi called
Friess . The producer is S. T.
Dudow, a Bulgarian ... Financed
by a wealthy Englishwoman, the
picture was made while Dudow's
partner, a Nazi, discussed plans
for it with the Reich Film Cham-
ber .. That threatened boycott of
RKO's picture "Soldier and the
Lady" has been called off because
the various anti-Nazi boycott out-
fits were wrong in suspecting the
film to be German-made or that
RKO had contributed to breaking
the boycott.
ETHER FLASHES
Elizabeth Bergner is planning
a visit to Palestine.
The publisher of an English-
language Fascist paper in Majorca,
stronghold of the Spanish rebels,
is an American citizen by the name
of Robert M. Gavett.

Merely to discuss the problems affecting
our Jewish unemployed, and to protest
prejudices practiced against them, is un-
New Concept Needed
We are now ready to deal !with the problem
worthy of a people that is supposed to be
that we set out to explain. Patriotism must not
as seasoned as we are in fighting discrim-
be defined as a love for one's country in terms of
ination and in battling for our rights as
a willingness to die for one's country. It must
human beings.
be re-defined as a love for one's country ex-
The American Jewish Congress was
pressed in a willingness to live for one's country
practical in its approach to the problem.
—to live for one's countrymen so that one's own
Six years ago, Dr. Stephen S. Wise asked
country, one's national love, might contribute
his associate in the ministry of the Free
to all mankind that for which one's own country
Synagogue of New York, Rabbi J. X.
PHILIP
RASKIN'S
is best fitted mentally, morally, physically and
Cohen, to make a study of the employment
spiritually, to the interests of all men, every-
problem as it affects the Jews. As chair-
LATEST POEMS
Jingoism Anti-Religious
where.
man of the commission on economic prob-
The
second
misconception
of
patriotism
may
Such a patriotism would not be incompatible
lems, Rabbi Cohen has just published his A Review by Esther S. Zweig
findings in a pamphlet entitled "Jews, LANTERNS IN THE WIND. By Philip be found in jingoism, which the yellow press of with religion. Such patriotism would be religion
itsekin.
Published
by
Charles(
Leon
our
country
has
espoused.
Jingoism
records
his-
itself."Not that I love my country less," said
Jobs and Discriminations: A Report on
Tuniasel. 916 Pity Hall Station, New
tory in terms of victorious battles and minimizes
the great Charles Sumner of Yale, "but because
York, 1537. 15 pairee (66 .60).
Jewish Non-Employment." It is a thor-
the
thousand
and
one
aspirations
and
the
achieve-
I love humanity more do I here and now advocate
ough examination into the serious ques-
Between
the
covers
of
Philip
ments
of
mankind
in
peace.
Naturally
religion
the higher and truer patriotism. I cannot for-
tion and its value lies not merely in its
Raskin's latest book of poems,
and
jingoism
are
mutually
exclusive.
get that we are men by a more sacred vow than
fact-finding contributions, but also in its "Lanterns in the Wind" there are
The third misconception of patriotism might
we are citizens—that we are children of a com-
constructive nature. It does not content indeed
itself merely with relating experiences, "Words that weep, and song be found in Decaturism: "My country right or mon father even more than we are Americans."
and caper—
wrong." Decatur was well prepared to serve his
Patriotism is not enough. We need humani-
but also proposes a program for meeting And a soul
wrapped in paper."
country but he not only believed in "My country
tarianism! In the world of law and peace, there
discrimination.
That is Raskin's own opinion. The
right or wrong," but he also believed in "Stephen
is patriotism and there also is God.
It is interesting to note from Rabbi
PLEASE TURN TO NEXT PARE )
Cohen's findings that "there is nothing to
indicate that it was the religion of the
FINKELSTEINS
Jew which was objectionable, except in
VS. FAUNCES
the case of the Sabbath observer." His fur-
ther observation on this subject is:
A Study of German-Jewish Immigration to South America Amazing Battle in the Boston
The Jewish Welfare Board in Peace Time
Many discriminatory employers have no

From Berlin to Buenos Aires

definite point of view in the matter. They are
content to dismiss or evade it as that prob-
lem." Others feel that for an establishment
to be Judenrein is • kind of intangible asset.
Such general attitudes are not always due to
specific experiences with Jews, but are part
of the traditional Christian outlook. No de-
nomination, of course, officially encourages the
exclusion of Jews from the business estab-
lishments of its communicants. It is rather
the age-old story of the betrayal of Jesus
by the Jews which conditions the reactions of
many Christians. Consequently even those who
are not affiliated with a church, or whose mem-
bership is perfunctory, often do not escape
this aversion to the Jews as the villain in the
Christian drama of salvation. So deeply
r000ted a prejudice, usually subconscious, will
not easily yield to direct measures. The re-
conditioning depends on a change of attitude
on the part of Christian parents, educators
and ministers. There are recent gratifying
instances where this Christian duty has been
undertaken wisely in America.

Rabbi Cohen reviews the various objec-
tions and deals with each in order to show
the unfairness of the criticisms. His sur-
vey is exceedingly interesting because it
presents actual experiences and tells how
conscientious efforts will bring desired re-
sults in removing prejudices. In his pro-
posed program for meeting discrimination
he suggests that every community should
establish a bureau, under the auspices of
the local arm of the American Jewish
Congress, to deal with the employment
problems. In his proposed program he
urges the inclusion of the following ac-
tivities:
1. Investigation and adjustment of 'com-
plaints.
2. Job placement through established
agencies.
3. Cooperation with Christian leaders
and agencies.
4. Education of employers through con-
ference.
5. Legislative work for remedial meas-
ures.
6. Research in the economic contribution
of the Jewish community.
In comment upon this program he fur-
ther states:

These vital activities have been too long
delayed. The present generation has spiTered
grievously from exclusion, restriction and dis-
crimination without challenge by the organ-
ized Jewish community. We do not know to
what great extent the evil effects can be
eliminated in the near future, but a great
deal can be done, a great deal must be done.
The effort involved will bring a better adjust-
ment of American Jewry to the whole environ-
ment, and a more wholesome structure than
obtains at present
This is the hour above all when the employ-
ment curves happily show rising tendencies,
when we must measure up adequately to our
opportunity and responsibility. If we are
zealous in our work, all true Americans will
be grateful that such fundamental American
Ideals as freedom of opportunity and fair play
have been invoked and applied with success.
For with this success will come a greater
stability in American Jewish life and a more
wholesome, richer contribution to the eco-
nomic and cultural values of our country.

Rabbi Cohen, acting in behalf of the
American Jewish Congress, has rendered
a great service to the Jews of this coun-
try. His proposals deserve most serious
consideration, and if put into action in
every American Jewish community are
certain to bring relief in a serious situation.
By encouraging these efforts of the Amer-
ican Jewish Congress our communities will
encourage the solving of one of the most
serious issues affecting Jewish life in this

By DR. BRUNO WEIL

EDITOR'S NOTE: Proopect• far hien-weed German-Jewish Immigration to Soath
America and the status of German-Jews already there arc discussed in
rale wood of • merles of two articles by Dr. limn° \Yell, Acting president
of the Centnd Verein of German del., who ha. Just completed a tour of
Sosth America.

(Copyright.

1137, Seven Arta Feature Syndicate)

Immigration regulations differ
in all countries of South America.
Of late there have been frequent
reports concerning the general or
special curbs on immigration in
various South American countries.
It is a fact that the policy of a

previous year of opening the gates
wide to immigration in order to
increase population rapidly has
changed. Although the saturation
point has not been reached in moat
of these countries, the difficult
years of the economic crisis have
not been forgotten. In many parts
of South America there is also a
fear that Bolshevism might be im-
ported through immigration. As a
result many countries are begin-
ning to differentiate between the
countries of origin of immigrants.
But in most instances much of the
news of immigration curbs has
been exaggerated. The comparative
leniency of the administration of
immigration laws is another fac-
tor indicating that one may still
count on further immigration to
South America, provided it is
carried out gradually and by care-
' ful selection of the type of im-
migrants, notwithstanding occa-
sional interruptions here or there.
Nowhere in South America do
agricultural immigrants find dif-
ficulty. As a matter of fact, there
is room for many more people in
agriculture than there are im-
migrants. Free land is offered
everywhere, and in some countries
other inducements are held out to
agricultural workers. The Jewish
Colonization Association has lim-
ited its great work thus far to
Argentina and Brazil, but changed
conditions make it essential that
other countries, on the Pacific
Coast, be drawn into the orbit of
agricultural colonization.

movement toward decentralization.
Their attitude is easily under-
standable. It would be unjust to
attribute the immigrants' desire
to remain in the big cities
merely to their wish to settle
where cultural and educational op-
portunities are the best. The de-
cisive factor in their attitude is
rather the presence of relatives in
the big cities and the increased op-
portunity of making a living where
they have social and family con-
nections. Yet it is a fact that the
immigrants would find it much
easier to get along in the smaller
cities and towns.

Their Religious Needs

Throughout South America life
is made easier by the lack of
prejudice with regard to those
things which have emuittered the
old world. Brazilians are said to
be the most unprejudiced people
in the world on all racial questions,
but after traversing the entire con-
tinent it must be said that the
amiable view with regard to race
and kindred matters is not limited
to Brazil. Treatment of the colored
race differs widely. The attitude
toward the native population is
by no means uniform. But the
basis of an unusual tolerance ex-
ists, thus making life more en-
durable even during serious eco-
nomic difficulties. Political contro-
versies will hardly affect the im-
migrant or hinder him in estab-
lishing himself. .
Although life is easy-going, gen-
erous and free of inherited or ac-
quired prejudices, settlement of
people of European culture is far
from being a simple matter. Ma-
terial things are not everything,
and this is especially true of the
Jewish communities in South
America. Jewish immigrants fre-
quently complain that it is impos-
sible for them to satisfy their
religious needs. The creation of
congregations has in many cases
Oppose Decentralisation
In Ecuador export artisans as not even begun. In other places
well as agricultural immigrants the Jews are still unable to main-
are welcomed. Industrial workers tain a rabbi. Jewish organizations
are welcome in all countries only that concern themselves with reli-
if they have special training in gious education would do well to
the manufacture of goods that can take up this matter. While the
be produced in those countries. most urgent material needs of the
This makes the probleM of indus- newcomers are being taken care
trial labor interdependent with the of everywhere, and while under-
question of the establishment of standing for their spiritual needs
new industries and factories. The is by no means undeveloped, the
latter in turn depends in most in- fulfilment of these spiritual needs
stances on the transfer of neces- is in many places still inadequate.
South America is a young con-
sary machinery, tools and stocks.
In some isolated cases and under tinent, huge and fertile and extra-
special circumstances permission ordinarily rich in natural re-
for such transfer is said to beve sources Its sparsely populated
been granted by the German goy- , l countries can feed many more
ernment. On a large scale this' people than now live there, To
would be possible only if Germany! build up these lands an immigra-
reached special agreements with tion of men from countries of
the South American states on the higher industrial development,
order of the Palestine and Ger- who would bring their special
training and knowledge to their
man-Italian transfer pacts.
Further immigration to many. new home, seems essentiaL But
countries also depends on the ins- I for the moment the huge immigra-
migrants not concentrating in the tion movement that characten
big cities. Some governments have the 19th century apparently is
already taken steps to make im- over. First, because Europe no
migration to the large centers of longer is sending forth millions to
population difficult. The Jewish aid seek their bread across the sea;
organizations are also resolved to and, secondly, because at the pres-
do all in their power to prevent ent stage of South American de-
the massing of the immigrants in velopment an unselected immigra-
the few places. It is a feet, how- tion no longer is beneficial—except
ever, that the immigrants them- in the agricultural fleld—for the

Godfather to 350,000

Area; A Cohen Enters
the Fray

BOSTON (NCJC)—The Fin-
kelstein-Faunce feud flared fast
and furious this week as fiery
feelings and flashing phrases
flamed in the fray.

With this feeble and fairly
futile foolishness forgotten, we
may narrate the frenzied facts
of the Finkelstein-Faunce feud.
Sanford Sidney Finkelstein,
attorney, with offices in this
city, filed petition with the reg-
istrar of the Suffolk Probate
Court asking that his name be
changed to Faunce because "the
desired change would eliminate
continued confusion." The fun
and the fray ensued, as the
Finkelsteins and the Faunces
throughout the city entered the
battle with a vengeance.

Dr. Calvin B. Faunce, a phy-
sician in the Back Bay, declar-
ed that the proposed change
"doesn't appeal to me worth a
cent. I would be averse to his
assuming an old New England
name like Faunce. The Faun-
ces have played an important
part in American life and his-
tory, coming over on the good
ship Ann, the second ship to
land at Plymouth. Among the
Faunces have been the late
President Faunce of Brown
University."

Another Faunce backed the
physician. "I'm sure I wouldn't
like anyone of another name to
change it to Faunce, and that
goes for the rest of my family,"
declared Miss Barbara Faunce
of Chelsea.

The Finkelsteins did not hide
their feelings, condemning the
Faunces and the wandering
Finkelstein alike.

Jacob Finkelstein, a fire ad-
juster, said: "What's the mat-
ter with Finkelstein? I've been
carrying that name for 52 years
and my father carried it for a
good many years before that.
It's been all right to me and I
still think it's a mighty good
name and nothing to be asham-
ed of. Of course a lot of peo-
ple might think that it might
be a detriment in business. But
that's not so. As a matter of
fact in my case it has been re-
sponsible for an increased busi-
ness. I'm ■ fire adjuster and
when I go out on a job, many
times competing with the Kel-
ley!, Murphy!, O'Briens and
others, they' say, 'We'll take
Finkelstein. Ife's got the name
and hell get the money.' "
Dr. I. A. Finkelstein, • den-
list, said that "it sounds like
a lot of foolishness to me. For
the past 23 years since my grad-
uation from college, I have al-
ways found it good enough for
me to make a living ender, and

By BERNARD POSTAL

EDITOR'S NOTE: In this second of • seri. of two articlem on the Jewish
Welfare Hoard, which wan reente se a war-time agency to prodde for
Jews In the American army and navy, 31e, Postal el..% an Illuminating
picture of the little-known peace-time Activities of this organisation whi, h
ie the parent onanizatIon of the 318 Jewish community centers and their
350,000 members.

(Copyright. 1117, Seven Arts Feature Symilvete)

The peace-time activities of the
Jewish Welfare Board have de-
veloped in two directions. The
first was the continuance on a
permanent basis of welfare work
to the Jewish men in the army
and navy services. The major de-
velopment has been in the field
of activities for the Jewish com-
munity at large.

The Jewish Welfare Board has
continued on a stabilized basis
the emergency activities initiated
during the World War. Follow-
ing the war some 1,500 Jewish
veterans were unfortunately hos-
pitalized, in many cases over ex-
tended periods. In addition, ap-
proximately four to five thousand
Jewish men continued in the per-
manent military forces and the
Citizens' Military Training Camp.
As a result the board currently
conducts welfare and religious ac-
tivities in 270 army posts, naval
stations and government hospitals
in the United States and outlying
posts. Every year several thou-
sands of personal welfare cases,
government claims of disabled
veterans, their dependents and
beneficiaries are handled by the
Army and Navy Service Depart-
ment of the Board. The basis of
t he board's activities is very large-
l y of a religious character and
as a result of its recommenda-
tions there are 19 rabbis in the
chaplain section of the Officers
Reserve Corps. The board em-
ploys 18 full-time and part-time
workers who maintain contact
with the Jewish men at army
posts, naval stations and veter-
ans' hospitals in this country and
in the outlying possessions. In
addition, in some 60 Jewish com-
munities volunteer representa-
tives are co-operating with the
Jewish Welfare Board in behalf
of the men in the service.
It is noteworthy that this work ,
particularly in such distant points
as Panama and Hawaii, has val-
ues for Jewish life that extend
beyond the program for the men
in the service. The board is mak-
ing • constructive contribution to
the religious and communal wel-
fare of the civilian Jewish popu-
lation as well. In many cases
the only organized Jewish work
done is the result of the efforts
of the representative of the Jew-
ish Welfare Board. These con-
tributions made in these remote
localities are none the less sig-
nifficant because they are by-
products of the work in behalf
of American soldiers and sailors.

Develops Center Movement

In the same spirit the board has
served young men in the forestry
camps of the Civilian Conserva-
tion Corps. Many difficulties have
to be overcome in this phase of
the work because of the location
of the forestry camps in remote
and sometimes inaccessible places.
Several thousand unemployed Jew-
ish young men are served and
kept in contact with the Jewish
community through the staff of
the board and also through the
assignments of rabbis for regular

the country. Some 15 rabbis are
employed by the government for
this work, upon the recommenda-
tion of the Jewish Welfare Board.
These activities of the Army
and Navy Service Department of
the Jewish Welfare Board have
been conducted during the past 20
years without any unusual fan-
fare of publicity. The scope of
this work will probably come as
a surprise to a large portion of
American Jewry; nevertheless, it
is vitally important that the as-
sociation of these men with Jew-
ish life be maintained since they
are part of the American Jewish
community.

The major present activity of
the board has been the develop-
ment of the Jewish community
center movement and this work
was in a large measure the oirect
outgrowth of the activities 01 the
Jewish Welfare Board during the
war period. Immediately upon
its organization in 1917, the
board found it necessary to or-
ganize Jewish communities all
over the country for the primary
purpose of giving assistance to
the Jewish men in the army and
navy services. In the majority
of instances, existing communal
buildings were used for this pur-
pose, and activities were partici-
pated in by the community at
large. Community branches in
182 cities, composed of outstand-
ing representatives of all groups
in the communities, were organ-
ized. As a result of the activi-
ties and relationships developed in
the community program, there
was a very natural crystallization
of the concept of the Jewish com-
munity center.

In September, 1920, a joint
committee of the Jewish Welfare
Board and the Council of Young
Men's and Young Women's He-
brew and Kindred Associations
presented a plan for the union of
the two organizations. The com-
mittee's report emphasized that
many of the community branches
of the J. W. B. felt that "the re-
sults of this united harmonious ef-
f ort should not be lost in peace
time ... The executive committee
of the Jewish Welfare Board has
therefore decided that in addi-
tion to the continuance of its
work, insofar as the same may
be permitted, in army and navy
camps, it would undertake the
work of developing such centers
in various parts of the country.
These centers should be based
upon no particular form of Jew-
ish religious point of view and
should furnish a common meeting
ground for all the Jews of the
community and maintain those ac-
tivities which would contribute to
their welfare and development
and to the strengthening of their
Jewish consciousness as • con-
structive force in American life.'
The actual merger of the J. W.
B. and the Council was !MUM -
mated July 1, 1921. As a first
task. the board directed its ef-
forts not towards expansion in the
number of organizations, but ra-
ther towards building up the ex-
isting organizations into effective

