Perssers3e.,
.

ritEVEMORIEwisnOIRomaz

PAGE FOUR

•nd THE LEGAL CHRONICLE

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and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE

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hope which will bring with it a new era
of joy and happiness for Israel.
It is in this spirit of historic experience
that we say to our people:
"A Happy New Year!
"Do not despair for we shall yet see the
dawn of an endlessly joyous period.
"May all Israel be inscribed in the Book
of Eternity for years of joy during which
the human spirit shall rule and the reign
of barbarians shall come to an end for
all time!"

A Notable
Conference

By Oswald Garrison Villard

(Reprintei Mlle the •110,1111
Perak weal
of tlin editor* of the Nation)

Strictly
Confidential

Rosh Hashonah

Tidbits from Everywhere

By PHINEAS

"Do You Want a Happier New Year — Be Jews . . . "

By LUDWIG LEWISOHN

A conference of Protestants,
America's Outstanding Jewish Man of Letters Wishes You a Happy New Year and
Tells You How to Achieve It.
Catholics, and Jews to "analyze
Cadillac
1040
Cable
Ad.dreur
Chronicle
and allay the prejudices which ex-
Telephone
Load. Office.
(CuPyright, 11135, Seven Ariz )'store Syndicate)
ist
among
Protestants,
Catholics,
England
14 Stratford Place, London, W. 1,
and Jews" in this mad world
Per Year
seems surprising, especially when
Bubscription, in Advance...-
force and conquest, all that was achieved by the
Another year and deepening darkness on
the tide of anti-Semitism is rising
awe wetter
humiliation and murder of human brethren—
ti IMUT• publication. all correspondence sad
in the United States, as are other
auk week.
office
by
Tuetday
•••salag
the horizon of our people. In how many Jewish
mad, this
WY.
prejudices
also.
Yet
the
Institute
Wm
of
us
all that withers and dies and is at last blown
eoticea, kindly use ono Ode
Annual observance of Hebrew Educa-
wt..
breasts does there not echo the cry of the Psalm-
of Human Relations, held at Wil-
conwpontlesee ea
tion Month, which begins with Rosh Ha- liamstown, Mass., from Aug. 25 ist: Sechor Adonai, libnei Edom eth yom Yerush- with the random winds.
The Detroit lealzh Chroniele in•Rw
ef latent.% to the Jewish people, but diselakne reePonsi•
Why are we here at all? Why are we not
shonah, assumes greater significance today to Aug. 30, was a notable success alayim! Remember, 0 Lord, against the sons of
n
I set eft
by The tonere
balb for aa ladorserneet of the views •rpreseed
with the Babylonians who conquered us and with
from almost every point of view.
than ever before.
Edom the day of Jerusalem; For that "day of
Hashonah,
Readings of Torah on First Day of Rosh
The
size
of
the
attendance—near-
the
Greeks
and the Ilellenized Romans to whom
Jewish youth is bewildered and does
Jerusalem" is a forever recurrent day in our
Saturday, Sept. 28
700 persons registered when at
we sold out spiritually precisely as we sold our
not know where to turn to. The time has ly
history.
Whether
East
or
West,
whether
by
Pentateuchal portions—Gen. 21; Num. 28:1-6.
first only 100 were expected —
passed when our young people could find proves that such a conference was better means or by worse, whether with inten- hearts to the Germans. Because after that last
Prophetical portions—I. Sam. 1:1-2:10.
Reading of Torah on Second Day of Rosh
justification for assimilation. This is an desired. But it is far more im- tion or purpose more or less in harmony with revolt under Bar Kochba we abandoned and had
Hashanah, Sunday, Sept. 29
age of despair and fear, and the most fear- portant that the discussions were our eternal destiny, we do build up again and to abandon the sword. Because we had no force
Pentateuchal portions—Gen. 22; Num. 29:1-6.
ful are those without background and on a remarkably high level, that again a Beth Ha'Mikdash, a temple, or what at or power or possibility of dominance. Because
Prophetical portions—Jer. 31:2-20.
there were some unusual speeches.
we did not betray and could not betray the cen-
a real exchange of sentiments,
least from age to age we consider a temple, and
Itesdioss of Torah on Fast of Gedaliab, Monday, without knowledge.
There was a time when Jews, beset by and a few clashes of opinion— again and, again the nations come, the sons of tral mystery of the moral life of man. There-
Sept. 30
Pentateuchal portions—Ex. 32:11-14; 34:1-10. dangers and surrounded by enemies, were the best sign that a conference
fore were we torn out of the context of history
Edom, and raze the temple to the ground and
Prophetical portions-1s. 55:6-56:8.
able to find consolation and strength in the is not cut and dried.
and liberated from the eternal wheel. We, too,
make it level with the earth and soak that earth
I do not know what there is
Ellul 29, 5695 reading of the Psalms. Their faith was
have known not one but many many periods of
September 27, 1935
with the blood of our martyrs.
in the American mind that so
unshakable because they knew the history dreads controversy. Some years
decay. But from that decay we rose again and
More not less tragic does this recurrence
of their people and were able to draw ago I presided at a meeting held grow as the ages pass. For in older days we again; each grave of the Jewish people was the
upon the storehouse of Jewish experiences to listen to a distinguished Eng- did at least build a temple that was a temple to scene of a resurrection. For an hundred years
lishman, who made what I thought
the Jews of Germany withered and decayed as
In exchanging the traditional greetings for their physical and spiritual sustenance. was
our God and a witness of our spirit, and when it
an excellent speech and
Some very tragic lessons have been seemed
Jews. For an hundred years they added to the
was destroyed only the physical structure was
expressing the wish for a happy year, it
to please the audience. As
taught our young people in the past few we walked away he was much de- destroyed, only the house built with hands, and glory and the splendor of a pagan polity and
inevitable
that
we
should,
at
this
time,
is
years. They are placed on a quota basis in pressed. "Evidently," he said, "I we the Jewish people could wander elsewhere lived for it and died for it. And had the pagan
be moved by a spirit of apprehension and the schools, they know that Jews are dis- made a very bad speech." "Not essentially unharmed and unimpoverished be- forgotten his paganism the German Jews might
all," raid 1, "what makes you
awe over what is happening to Jews in criminated against in employment and in at
cause in our loyal hearts we carried with us have disappeared. But the pagan could not for-
think so?" "Why," he replied sad-
1 many countries of Europe and the Orient. the rental of homes, they know of the ly, "I was not heckled once." I wherever we went the temple of the Eternal get his paganism; the murderer stuck to his
We speak of happiness at a time when sudden exclusion of Jewish children from explained to him that in con- and the unwavering knowledge of our destiny. trade. So his sharpest hatred was directed toward
German schools and the threat of complete forming America heckling is con-
those whose very existence was a reproof and
I despair gains ground in Jewish ranks. We ghettoization of the Jews in Germany. sidered very rude and that many But since the so-called emancipation we built an agony to his not utterly dead conscience. lie
temples of substance not our own and enshrined
are thinking in terms of reconstruction in Their bewilderment has no bounds, and would have considered his address in them gods that were not ours and to these cries: "You are guilty, not I!" and by his mur-
a failure if there had been even
they must find a solution to their problem. two interruptions. I might have gods and these alone we turned our hearts and dering at once proves the lie to be a lie. But
a period of destruction.
Ludwig Lewisohn answers the question added that heckling and dissent for these gods, these idols of the nations, we under his blows the souls of thousands of Ger-
Nevertheless, there is excellent reason
so rare over here that, if any
spent our strength and our wisdom and our very man Jews are remembering their Jewishness, are
why we should not despair and should, well in his article in our current issue. are
Where should youth turn: back to his na- such thing happens, the newspa- souls and to defend them we died on innumer- remembering who they are and whence they
rather, retain hope that Israel will not tural self, to loyalty to his people, or to pers play it up in the headlines
came and the nature of their destiny and are
able fields of battle. But even these temples that
if it were something scandal-
perish and that the Jewish people will yet the left, to the uncertainty of extreme ra- as
arising through suffering and death and bitter-
ous. So the few dissents at Wil-
we built to their gods the nations will not let
dicalism? The answer, as Lewisohn gives liamstown received considerable stand because we built them. That—that, Jews, ness of heart out of their graves .
see days of glory and great happiness.
attention from the press; the pro-
•
•
it,
must
be
an
affirmative
and
not
a
nega-
We are impressed by the sentiments of
is the truth, the bitter and world-piercing but
Nazi speech of a German woman
The teaching of history is manifest. A bell
non-Jews who know the world's history tive one; it must be a positive effort which was sensationalized, and a certain also ultimately healing truth that cries out from
will aid rather than harm the Jewish peo-
and apply their knowledge to present con- ple. We must teach the youth to face their amount of unrest among the Cath- the blood and tears and agonized sweat and utter as of eternity rings out to us the message. To
olic members was turned into a
save ourselves, to help to save a pagan world
ditions abroad. The New York Herald- future proudly, knowingly, without the genuine threat to bolt the con- humiliation of our brethren in Germany. Build even against its will, we and all our house are
no more temples to the gods of the heathen—
Tribune, for instance, in its comment upon danger of floating on a sea of uncertainty ference because they were not to the gods of power, to the gods of battle, to to re-dedicate ourselves to our faith and to our
given adequate time to refute the,
Nazi Germany's showmanship in elevating in time of danger.
destiny—to be Jews, to avoid in all things the
to them, unjustifiable statements
the gods of mere worldly knowledge unquickened
If
we
were
to
fail
in
our
responsibility
in
of Ramon Bateta, the brilliant,
glitter and the lures of the pagan world: its
the swastika flag to a position of supre-
by mercy and by love. Build temples in your
providing a Jewish education for the Jew- passionate, and eloquent advocate hearts to the Eternal of Israel whom prophet class-conflicts and its wars and its conquests and
macy in the Reich, remarks:
ish youth at this time, we would be lending of the policies of the Mexican
its cruelties between man and man. Not for
"The Jews are to be returned to the comfort to our enemies, and would weaken government. So far as the press inaugurated the first and the only decisive revo- centuries has cruelty been so rampant and un-
Middle Ages; but Germany is taken back rather than strengthen the power for sur- was concerned, this was an un- lution in the affair of mankind, a revolution that ashamed as it is today; not for centuries has
usually self-conscious conference.
has never been won, a revolution that is facing
many years farther and placed under a vival in Jewish ranks.
The reports of the proceedings in
the world been so unredeemed. The cries of the
the blackest forces of reaction in this age, a
symbol—common to many primitive peo-
the New York dailies were care-
Education Month serves to enlighten
despairing and the tortured rise from Artie
revolution of which we, the Jews, are the bearers
ples from the American Indian to the early
fully
read
and
usually
resented,
on the work accomplished by
labor-camps and German capms and prisons and
Semites—representing the very dawn of our local schools. It aims to encourage par- and the excellent round table on and responsible exccutants—the revolution that Italian islands. We need more than ever to
the press, ably presided over by
was announced in the great mystic words that
human culture."
ents to send their boys and girls to these George Fort Milton of the Chat-
be Jews. The pagan world that knows it not
We do not crave compliments, nor are schools for their Jewish knowledge and tanooga News, gave a large part embody forever the nature of the moral life: needs more than ever that we do not fall in with
we resorting to self-flattery when we turn inspiration. It is thus an important celebra- of its time to discussing how such V'ahabtha l'reacha khamocha, ani Adonai. And its ways but remain Jews—men of peace and
over in our minds the stories of the rise tion with a practical aim in view. It is to a conference could be correctly thau shalt bear love unto thy neighbor as unto men of Geist, practicing the love between man
with adequate emphasis
thyself. I am the Lord... .
and fall of the Rome that destroyed Jerus- be hoped that this month's observance will reported
•
•
upon the real spirit and achieve-
and man that our prophet bade us cherish, being
alem, of the horrors of the Crusades, of not only serve to stimulate greater interest ments of the gathering and with-
alight to the Gentiles and not sharing their dark-
No, this is no mere maggiduth or sermon-
the Spanish Inquisition, of the collapse of in the United Hebrew Schools but will ac- out the eternal magnifying of in-
ness of force and war and also remembering our
Czardom, and then say to ourselves: tually encourage parents to enroll their cidents smacking of the unusual izing. It is, by the severest tests of historical
"These phantoms have disappeared, but children in classes for the study of the or sensational. There was especial fact and historical experience, the whole truth sins. Our sins—which are precisely the opposite
when the New York Times
of the matter. For consider the nations of earth
we live on. The ancient medieval and other language and the history of their people. in one
of its reports stated that
of those imputed to us by the pagans. We have
and their story. Like plants or like trees they
bigoted 'cultures' and 'civilizations' in his-
George Fort Milton was editor of
gone to war With thorn and broken our command-
grow and grow stronger up to a certain point
the Ctillaat tatnooga Times. The joke
tory have collapsed, but we are building
ment:
Thou shalt not kill. We have helped to
m ea s a and reach what seems permanent dominance and
h C h a tetw
a n congraa 'Li
anew."
increase the sum of pagan knowledge without
i ts as
or
tnewdneb ryeatshe
power. And then it is seen that in that highest
The
Detroit
Jewish
Chronicle
feels
that
Germany can't possibly feel happy over
Mr. Milton is the
regard for its moral use. We have turned eyes
reach there slumbered already the seed of their
what is being forced upon her people by it is presenting to its readers some of the editor of the News.
that see not and ears that hear not upon the
decay. And the decay set in and they withered
finest
gems
in
modern
Jewish
literature,
maniacs and butchers. The New York
authentic Meehiach of this age, the spiritual re-
—their power and their folk, and finally they
and
the
most
impressive
interpretations
of
going
to
Williamstow'n
to
hear
the
Times made caustic comment on the re-
birth by re-integration of the Jewish people both
left only a monument and a name. This thing
Jewish
issues,
in
the
series
of
articles
by
admirable
speech
of
President
cent enactment of laws which ghettoize
here in exile and in the land of our fathers. We
Porter Graham of the Uni-
happened to Egypt and to Greece and to Rome.
Ludwig
Lewisohn,
under
the
general
head-
Frank
the Jews. Speaking editorially this great
have been indifferent to the highest good of our-
versify of North Carolina, a docu•
And where today is the far-flung empire of
ing
of
"The
World's
Window."
newspaper declared:
mast that every conservative
Representing the most interesting trans- ought to read because of its care- Spain? And where on some historic tomorrow selves and of mankind and our feet have been
"More serious, and more repulsive was
swift only on the errands of the pagan world
be the Reich of the Germans? The goods of
Hitler's action in fanning anew the flames formation from assimilation to most pious fully reasoned presentation of the will
. . , Do you want a better New Year and a hap-
the spirit have remained—Homer and Euripides
for social control in this
of anti-Semitism in Germany. Not able to Jewish loyalty, in a period of less than 15 case
country and its arguments for
even as Mozart and pier and more hopeful one? Be Jews . . . be
lead his Nazi troops against a foreign foe, years, Mr. Lewisohn's appearance on the modernizing our Constitution and and Vergil and Cervantes.
Jews .. .
Goethe will remain. But all that was gained by
American Jewish scene as a leader in con-
(piiiAss:

Annual Education Month

A Happy New Year!

community

the

Ludwig Lewisohn's Articles

he beckoned them to attack again a weak
and inoffensive minority at home. New structive efforts is a most encouraging sign
decrees of oppression and persecution are of an awakening in the ranks of those who
issued, which may easily lead to irrespon- have been strange to their own people.
sible and bloodthirsty assaults by un- But Mr. Lewisohn stands far above the
bridled Nazi youths upon helpless Jewish most pious of these penitents in that he
citizens in Germany. This looks like an has not only returned to Israel, but is now
effort to appease discontent at home, or to an unquestioned leader by virtue of his
give it another vent. If the mighty German ability, and is most esteemed because he
people cannot yet be permitted to fight did not return half-heartedly but com-
Frenchmen or Italians or Englishmen, they pletely, in every sense, as a nationalist, as
can at least glut their fury upon shop- a religious Jew, as an observer of Jewish
keepers and bankers and skilled profes- Law.
The two articles in which he discussed
sional men and women in Germany. All
this is innocently explained as going back "The Brodsky Case" and "A Quiet Hour"
to the methods of the Middle Ages. But are most significant in proof of his having
civilization will not long be content to embraced the Faith of Israel in the spirit
march backward in that way. The reason in which the noblest martyrs of our people
given by Hitler is frankly a pagan reason. managed to survive the severest attacks.
This is one more proof that it cannot pre- In the latter he spoke of the manner in
which the horrors of persecutions of his
vail for any length of time.
"One thing may fairly be inferred from people pressed on his mind, how he turned
Hitler's disappointing speech. He is an un- to the essays of Aldous Huxley for relief
happy man in the midst of a people who and there. too, found a libel against Israel;
are not happy. Things are not going well and how he finally found solace and con-
with Germany either at home or abroad. solation in the Tehillim—in the Psalms of
Her public finance is in a disordered state. David.
This essay, which should have soothed
Her national credit has fallen to a low ebb.
She has, as is now officially admitted, the feelings of Jews who are most hurt by
1,700,000 unemployed actually on the present conditions, because it offered the
dole, quite apart from those in labor power of faith as a means of healing the
camps or given work by the Government wounds of our most maligned people, was
in munitions factories and otherwise. If followed by a discussion of the Brodsky
Hitler could ever give Germans a strong incident. Mr. Lewisohn's is a most remark-
lead, it was the time to do it when he able approach to the problem. He ap-
spoke at Nuremberg on Sunday. His ad- proves of resentment against the Nazis,
dress must have left them more confused but not in the injudicious manner in which
it was accomplished by Magistrate Brod-
and dispirited than before."
No, the Germans cannot possibly be sky. Ile would have preferred to have the
happy in their destructive tactics. The judge step out of his judge's robes and
honest men and women in Germany surely declare to the world that as a Jew he can-
not sit in judgment in a case which in-
grieve over this return to barbarism.
It is not selfish pride to feel this way volves the criminal flag of the Nazis. Mr.
about the world's indignities heaped on Lewisohn insists that Brodsky should have
helpless Jews. There is ground for pity spoken as a Jew. and that then he would
when speaking of the Nazis of Germany have been honored and his viewpoint
and the Endeks of Poland and the butch- would have been hailed by all lovers of
ers in several Far Eastern countries where justice. The affirmation of "Ivri Onochi,"
life is made miserable for Jews. And there "I Am a Jew," is offered by Mr. Lewisohn
is ground for encouragement that we shall as a method of proudly approaching every
yet emerge the equals of equals in spite issue facing us.
In every article in his series written for
of what is happening in backward lands.
As we review the tragedies of the past us by Mr. Lewisohn, we find the reaffirma-
year we trust not despair. It is our sacred tion of this proud sentiment of a very
duty to heln the needy, to provide homes proud Jew. We feel that in presenting to
for the rnionees to join in the crreat effort our readers his masterful literary gems
for Palr.ti , p's reconstruction. Rut we must we are also publishing a most fascinating
not "r-r' ^ •nirit of helplessness to over- interpretation of Jewish problems, and
core us 1 , ln'ory teaches us to know that the proud affirmation of Judaism by a
behire e- --- dark cloud there is a ray of - ode"

TURN TO PAGE 12)

Adolf Hitler's 5695

A Year of Terror Comes to An End

By JOSEPH SALMARK
Editor of The Worldwide News Service

The brown terror, far from sub-
siding, continued to clutch the
threat of Germany as the year
6695 came to an end. The German
Jewish question atilt defies all solu-
tion although it seemed in the
course of the past year that the
Hitler regime would realize the
futility of its anti-Jewish policy.
If 6694 was a year of tragedy,
5695 could be labeled a year of
terror. This because the Nazi gov-
ernment took delight in playing the
game of cat and mouse during the
last 12 months. There were times
after the brown beast had admin-
istered an almost deadly blow to
the Jewish mouse when the beast
lay motionless and purring, forget-
ting for a while about its victim,
These interludes during which the
Nazi government contented itself
with paralyzing Jewish life econo-
mically but with sparing it physi-
cally were the most terrifying
periods for German Jewry. It
knew that the blow would soon fall
but could not foresee when and
where. There were naive German
Jewish refugees who believed dur-
ing these intermissions that the
brown danger had passed and that
Hitler had inaugurated a new poi-
icy toward the Jews. These self-
deluded refugees returned to Nazi-
land and were quickly expedited to
concentration camps. In the latter
part of 6595 it became clear to the
entire world that Hitlerism would
never give up its anti-Semitic pro-
gram and that the Jews of Ger-
many were doomed unless outside
help became available.
There was not a tingle official of
the German Government who dared
to disagree with the anti-Semitic
policy sponsored by Streicher and
Goebbels and carried out by thous-
ands of lesser officials. The inter-
pretation of Dr. Hjalmar Schacht's
address last July as meaning that
the minister of economics warned
his Nazi confrere of the dangers of
the anti-Jewish program was mere-
ly another piece of self-deception.
Schacht, just like any other mem-
ber of the Hitler cabinet, was not
in a p^sition to oppose the Fuehrer.
Goebbels' and Streicher'a aggres-
sive anti-Jewish program scored a
complete victory. A decision to in-

tensity discriminatory persecution
against the Jews was taken and
duly carried out.

Non-Aryans Eliminated

The number of Jewish unem-
ployed increased daily. Jewish
storekeepers were compelled to give
up their businesses. Jewish lawyers
and doctors were placed under
strict control and were not permit-
ted to handle "Aryan business".
The universities, secondary and
elementary schools were purged of
all Jewish professors and teachers.
Jewish students in higher and ele-
mentary schools of learning were
treated in such a manner as to
discourage them from any further
studies. The theater and motion
picture industries eliminated all
non.Aryans. More than that, im-
ported films starring Jews or writ-
ten by Jews were prohibited. In
other words, German Jews were
driven back to a medieval ghetto
life.
That the "scientific" anti-Semites
of Germany were bent not merely
on driving the Jews from high posi-
tions but were determined to drive
them out of the country became
clear. Schools and training
farms established by German Jews
with funds raised abroad for the
economic adjustment and reorien-
tation of German Jewish youth
were only permitted to continue
with the strict understanding that
their graduates would leave the
country. The German government
gave indications that it would even
be ready to cooperate on any
scheme intended to accelerate the
process of Jewish emigration and
agreed to permit emigrants a cer-
tain latitude in taking with them
their material assets. The Zionist
Organization WES permitted to car-
ry on because the slogan of the
Nazis "Jews, go back to Pales-
tine" still held good.
When Hitler's foreign policy
achieved marked successes and the
rearmament program was legal-
ized by the great powers, Jews,
far from participating in this so-
called re-entry of Germany into
the coterie of great powers, were
clearly told that they do not be-
long. The military conscription law

(PLEASE TWIN TO

BIRON

We are introducing to you
Rabbi Abraham H. Israelite"
who has graciously consented to
be our guest columnist. Rabbi
lsraelitan has excavated • num-
ber of interesting facts about
Rosh H•shonah and we are
pleased to present these
precious jewels of Jewish
knowledge.
• • •

IN MIGHT INTEREST YOU
TO KNOW THAT:

The first day of Rosh Hashonah
can never occur on Sunday, Wed-
nesday or Friday.
Many Jewish women, in the past,
would prepare for the Rosh Hashu
nah table loaves of bread in the
shape of ladders—because it is on
this sacred festive day that God
decides "who shall become poor and
who shall wax rich, who shall be
brought low, and who shall be up-
raised."
The Palestinian Talmud records
that one early Rosh Hashonah
morning, when the Shofar was
sounded in the synagogue, the
Roman authorities, believing that
these blasts of the ram's horn were
signals for a Jewish uprisin g,
called forth their soldiers, who im-
mediately attacked the Jewish
population.
Although today it is not permit-
ted to blow the Shofar on a Rosh
Hashonah that occurs on a Satur-
day, this prohibition did not exist
in the famous Temple at Jerus-
alem . . . In the Beth Hamikdash,
the Shofar wa s sounded
ed on every
New Year's Day—even if it occur-
red on the Sabbath.
Rabbi Zebid, a Babylonian schol-
ar of the fourth century, declared
that one can foretell the weather
of the new year by means of Rosh
Hashonah . . . If that holiday is
warm, it means a warm year; if
it is cold, it indicates a cold year.
Nowhere, in the entire literature
preceding the Talmud, can one
find a statement declaring that
Rosh Hashonah is a Day of Judg-
ment . . . The first reference to
New Year's Day as a day on which
God judges mankind is found in the
Mishna, that famous code of Jew-
ish laws which was written by the
great Rabbi Judah the Prince
(135-220). There we are informed
On New Year's Day all men
pass before Him like young lambs."
Tradition relates that it was on
Rosh Hashonah that Joseph went
forth from his imprisonment, and
it was also on this day that the
Hebrew slaves ceased working for
Pharaoh of Egypt.
In Talmudic times, when the
New Year would arrive, everyone
would dress in white garments, for
white was, in their eyes, a symbol
of joy.
During the Middle Ages, it was
customary among the French Jews
to eat red apples on Rosh Ilasho-
nab. The Jews of the Provence,
however, would eat white grapes,
figs, and the head of sheep.
Moses ben Abraham Mat, learned
Galician rabbi of the 16th century,
relates the following interesting in-
cident in his well-known book
"Matteh Mosheh" . . . There were
in the city three expert blowers of
the Shofar. When Rosh Hashonah
arrived, each of the experts tried
to blow the Shofar, but they were
all unsuccessful. So the Rabbi com -
manded that the Shofar be turned
around, and certain Scriptural
so done, and, remarkable to say.
words be uttered into it ... It was
the Shofar became normal and gave
forth its accustomed sound. The
Rabbi then said: Satan must have
been in that ritual horn, and he
must have been the one who
stopped those sounds from going
forth.

The Jewish Year

The Jew of Rome

From the Days of the Reign
of Titus

By LION FEUCHTWANGER

Copyright by thr Viking Preen. Repro.
doction in whole or part strictly for-
bidden.

EDITOR'S NOTE: 1.1on reedit-
wanger. the emit exile from Nod-
bind ha. tinnily flnInhed the woad
part of mono tat work "Jo-
rphan"which the Viking Preto will
puhliah thin winter under the title
-The Jr. or mane." It will be re-
membered that when 11Iller ramie
to pone, one of hie grid arta wag
to loot the bowie of Fearittwanger
at tintneaald, near Berlin and to
deer., the almost rompletedeetiPt
of - The Jew of Rome." Thochtwan-
ger h..e bled for the haat two and
• half yearn In France deePIT
eore. That
In his
. will become
I
''The Jew of Rome
one of the bent metier* during DEA
le rertain. This htxtorhat novel
shows Fenchtwanger at hit beet and
although • ,rowel to .Jortephoni,“
IndeprwIrnt book,romprehenehe
byitaNf. We my Indebted to the
liking Press for pet- mix-don to ass
ranalat
ion of thia
er
cha pt
the
which drocribed
fatielnalIng cha
lb* Jew. of Rome anticipating the
snivel In Nome of the Jewizh prin-
ce. Berenice for her betrothal to
however.
Eamon., TWO., which,
firer took pl...
• •
•

Ti

J.

(Copyright, 1136. by a A. E. a )

t

1.

Very numerous and very
various were the people in
Rome who were making spec-
ial preparations for the arrival
of Princess Berenice.
Quintilian, one of the city's
most esteemed orators and bar-
risters, endowed with the
Golden Rings of the Equestrian
Order, was working day and
night at the revision of the
two suits he had pleaded be-
fore the Senate on behalf of
the Princess. There was no
immediate legal necessity for

this painstaking revision; the
two [speeches had long achieved
their effect, the first had been

delivered three years and, the
second four years previously.
But Quintilian wu very sensi-
tive to matters of style, and be-
hind his back the stenographers
bad published his two orations
on behalf of the sovereign prin-
ters Berenice in an edition that
was flagrantly full of errors
both of transcription and of

(PLEA= TURN TO PAGE 511

A Survey of 5695

By BERNARD POSTAL
Managing Editor of S. A. F. Syndicate

History moves strangely. It
takes no cognizance of man-made
calendars. Sometimes its pace is no
slow that a century merely means
a small footnote in the annals of
humanity. At other times one hour
changes the entire complexion of
the political and economic struc-
tures of races and continents. Jew-
ish history, however, is always
slow, and were it not for the cus-
tom of reviewing Jewish events at
an interval of 12 months one could
much more intelligently follow the
development of Jewish history if
one were to throw a glance at our
tribulations every decade. The year
5695 was no exception to the rule.
Despite the continuation of the
brown terror in Germany and the
growth of Fascism throughout Cen-
tral and Eastern Europe: despite
the standstill of economic condi-
tions in Poland: despite the trem-
endous advance made by Jewish
Palestine and the consistent im-
provement of conditions among
Jewry in the Soviet Union: despite
the New Deal in the United States
and its inevitable effect on Amer-
ican Jewry: Jewish history of
6695 cannot be viewed as • page of
extraordinary significance and as
meaning an important change over
the year 6694.
Statesmen and economic experts
view the past 12 months as a defi-
nite step forward in the economic
stabilization of the United States,
Great Britain and the Soviet
Union. All other countries, with the
exception of little Switzerland, the
peaceful countries of Scandinavia
and Palestine, have not been able
to halt the economic debacle. This
economic status reflected itself in
the Jewish world everywhere. In
the United States Jewish institu-
tions and national organizations
staged a slow comeback: British
Jewry successfully weathered the
Mosley interlude and is raising
more money than ever before for
domestic and foreign needs: Jews
in the U. S. S. R. achieved a sense
of economic security which resulted
in their rejection of foreign aid:
Palestine enioyed a phenomenal
wave of prosperity, the government
showing a substantial surplus at

the end of its fiscal year. But if one
were to draw a map showing the ,
strength and weakness of the Jew-
ish position throughout the world.
one would still find approximately
one-half of the total Jewish popula-
tion of the globe suffering from
se e ither
eutio n political
p ol o t ic att h . or economic pen -
both.

Fight Against Nazism

The outstanding development in
American Jewry during 5695 was
the successful fight carried on
against the spread of Nazism in
this country. Ilitlerism, which at
the beginning of 5695 evidenced a
tendency toward expansion and
seemed likely to make great head-
way in the United States, was com-
pletely routed. The Friends of the
New Germany and its offshoots
went through a transformation and
gave up much of their aggressive
and offensive tactics. The respon-
sible elements among German.
Americana also definitely dissoci-
ated themselves from the wild anti-
Semitic antics of Hitlees spokes-
men in this country. Whether
Fiorello La Guardia's dramatic ac-
tion in retailiating for German dis-
crimination against American citi-
zens by refusing a license to a Ger-
man alien will revive German pro.
Hitler sentiment in this country
remains to be seen. There is also
no doubt that last year witnesses
a more united front on the part of
Catholic, Protestant and Jewish
leadership in dealing with Nati
racial and religious persecutions
than ever before. It must also be
recorded that organized American
Jewry is still at odds. The differ-
ence in policies and tactics between
n,
Committee
the A
ttim
e eri
Bcnaani JBew
ish on the
rith
hand, and the American Jewish
Congress and the Zionist Organiza -

as

tion on the other remained
marked as it was two years ago
ue pi ,
t i e y r i a ft , a J Jewish
A ol tnha u4 h
C
a a p t hpea r aAnm
gave
con-
pet project for a world Jewish
gress and has not made any Om -
American Jesu
in
organizing
EMS
ish communities, there was an un-
dercurrent of continuous friction ,

(PLEASE TURN TO PAGE it).