Inn
PAGE EI(
pitiZATROgitinsnefRONICLE
InSiNsest ■ Valt
•
and THE LEGAL CHRONICLE
SUNRISE IN MICHIGAN
* TH
_
.
By PHILIP SLOMOVITZ
Three li
those w
---
771017^4
We are in position here to build
an ideal life. I firmly believe
that we shall."
Another idealist pointed to the
lack of crime—there was only
one instance of petty thievery in
the entire history of the colony,
and that case was settled out of
court and the member eliminated
from the colony.
Furthermore—it Is pointed out
that in a year and a half of strug-
gle for an ideal existence there
was only one instance of punish-
ment for disobedience. In this
case, the punishment meted out
was that the guilty person was
barred for a period of one month
from meetings of the colony.
• • •
I
I
I
I
Inner Conflicts
Thy
Bei
cal
cell ,
up
ezii
rot ,
ape
Wil
ful
dis
WRr
Till
-
101.100.11>s!
KIII% Off II Tel
RE- F
we
Can Gears
and Comfort
Why suffer wit
osier? We can'
to fit your
changing style
Shoes made Lo
Narrower or 9
ARC
MADE TI
(No Two re
ORDER•I
. ,
./ ./
1 ral '4 bi':.
Will not hi
Will not cu
Cost no me
Free •dju sl
MONEY - HI
0 not
ISO% I
mossy, I
EXPERT SRI
FOR 33
M. K
•
- 402
_.A..,'
The two large pictures show a quartet of Sunris e
colonists hard at work in the fields, and some of the cottage s wher e
The smaller pictures at the left show, from top t o
they live.
bottom: a group of colonists' children on the steps of the community house;
truckload of adult workers ready to quit work after a productive day in the fields; Sapola and Aaron Goldstein giving the mess-house ■
a fresh coat of paint. These pictures are used through the courtesy of the Detroit News and the cuts through the courtesy of the
B'nai B'rith Magazine.
PONCLUDED PROM EDITORIAL PAGE
, --
chess clubs, a
The difficulties that exist in the
colony cannot be minimized, and
it is not necessary to go too deep-
ly into the psychological and • so-
cial reactions to find traces of
discontent. Since the colony was
founded, 17 families returned to
their original homes. Others
would gladly leave, but the ma-
jority refuses to establish the
precedent of permitting a section
of the settlement to declare its
intentions of breaking away by
having the investment returned.
To enforce discipline, therefore,
the group is carrying on on a two-
factional basis. The minority
must stick it through with the
majority. And the majority must
continue to "enjoy scratching
itself,"
Evidences of discontent are to
be found in the first yearly report
of the officers of the colony:
"We have sustained consider-
able losses in members, actual
and prospective, in income and—
the main thing—in spirit. But
when we look at it all now we
say with a c!•.thr conscience that
it was not altogether our fault,
and that all those things were,
most likely, unavoidable. . . .
Our hands are clean. Our sole
motive for all our actions has
been, and always will be, the
WELFARE OF THE WIIOLE
COMMUNITY. . , Our attention
was, • under the circumstances,
riveted to the material needs only.
The intellectual, artistic and spir-
itual needs of the community
were badly neglected. . . The is-
sue is full of pessimistic, intro-
spective, egocentric complaints,
mostly unjustified. We did not
alter a sentence, or sugar-coat a
single pill, no matter how bitter
it was and from what unclean
sources it came. . . , So, let the
past bury its own dead! Let us
all make an effort to forgive and
forget. Let us turn a new leaf
with determination to build and
improve, to keep on developing,
beautifying and enriching our
lives, for the benefit of all con-
cerned and the glory of the great
ideal that will redeem suffering
humanity. Freedom, equality and
justice shall forever be our guide
in life."
But the past has evidently not
buried "its own dead" and the
discontented element continues to
grumble. The Dec. 15 issue of
Sunrise News contains several in-
dications of a continued state of
unhappiness. In this issue, pub-
lished five months after the an-
dramatic club, a cam- j cooking is the cause for consider- I members, and he had a simple
community kitchen, a steam lean• era club, and there is a constant able grumbling. The average answer: "We enjoy scratching
dry similarly conducted on
and a it col-
is clamoring for the formation of Jewish housewife, accustomed to ourselves.
Yiddish classes. Arrangements are preparing her own meal for her
lecti ve p, a bakery,
ing
N 517 BR
Jewi sh
I asked Mr. Cohen: "From your
planned to establish a poultry plant be
ach- own family and serving it in the experience with the Sunrise Col-
er sp end several dean of the teweek
1 Jolla R, I
to care for the community's
privacy of her home, is dissatis-
in the colon
y for the purpose
lony,
d o you fin d that the Jew is
2 9 1 6 E
1.
The Col ony's Ineome
d. It is natural that she sho uld ' willing
augurating c lasses in Yid dish.
to sink his individuality
B et. E m . ..°
Fifteen tra ctor and trucks serve
gr
of in- Rumble
about it and indicate all-
an
effo r t in which his futu re
Colony's
Guiding Genius
Only Complete $11
the needs of the spro
Jewish farmers,
too-frequent displeasure over the
The guiding genius of the Sun-
grem is int imatel
y bound u p
whose main crops are peppermint
type of food served and the man-
with the progress or failure of an
and sugar beets. For both these rise Community is Joseph J. Cohen, ner in which it is prepared.
enti
entire group?"
products they have managed to find former editor of the Freie Arbeiter
Again, "Comrade ' Cohen offers
Again Mr. Cohen was frank,
an excellent market. In the latter Shtlmme, Yiddish Anarchist week-
explanation. "It is hard to but optimistic.
part of November, when the colon- 1 of New York. Mr. Cohen, to- s s: tisfy
"The spirit is
people from 18 states in
iota were pressed for funds in gather with Eli Greenblatt of De- l
wi
ling, but our members find it
the American Union and from anit
a
it, a shrewd organizer who ha th
difficult to become adjusted," he
meeting their obli gati ons, they sold [roil,
had a share in numerous farming' dozen European countries. Ere t decl are
pper manufactured
t oi l
their e pin,
t he in ste d t ha t the
enterprises In the East, prinel II has come to U8 with diff e n plan isd.
Bu that sithe colon y is
in their own m pe ppermint distillery. ;„
sound,
and a different menu. The
Although the peppermint oil " Connecticut wail the firsta Y habits
et
present
in
a secure financial
r p together the colonists fro m food problem may certainly be an state, that
brought only $2.55 a pound, a sum F.
there is no social probe
important cause for dissatisfac- lam, and that
adelphia, New York impoant
although the work
considerably less than was expected, ts eoturoit, Philadelphia,
, .. z . and a dozen other communities in tion. But we are concerned with is hard, the stout of heart—who
approximately $17,000 was malt ea
.
form the e majority
for
enabling the group to meet homed- forming this colony. The group's bigger things, , an l d we are confi-
' 1
of the
e group-
initial invertment was $33,000 and dent that we shall overcome these will emerge victorious in an ef-
.
iate obligations and to pay their the balance due on the farm land
difficulties."
current debts.
fort to build a new
nef life for them-
• • •
is $125,000. It is considered an un-
f
It is interesting to note in this
and their children.
usual bargain, and the granting of
The Women in the Colony
iA
n Lelythme inlue /xies of the city
Monument) connection that vegetables are loans to the colonists by the United
r. Cohen is not content with sec "
grown for farm use only, and that
States Government in the past few , disposing of this problem in this
there are enough e ggs an
"We are comfortable " was his
d milk months is considered an indication 1 manner. He points to the ad-
pr oducta
. . The that the methods employed by the l vantages—the women have no reply to this question. But he
children get
admitted
that there is a social
butter and milk daily. Sunrise management is meeting housework, no kitchen work, un-
The colonists maintain that there with 81 ' I• .
less they are selected for cook- void, that the members miss the
is sufficient milk for themselves, but
theater, and that they will be
Mr. Cohen is emphatic in his ing and serving
butter is served to the adults only)
jobs. They share compelled to provide their own
declaration that the colony is not the duties of the men, and they entertainment.
— every other day— a'
m e ans
a am
" c'' a co-operative but a collective en-I have a great ideal to perpetuate.
conserving the limited dairy supply.
Perhaps one of the saddest ele-
terprise. Each couple is re uired ' So that this serious problem be-
A small income is derived from
to pay $500 upon joining, there 1 comes merely another incident i in meats in the entire scheme is re-
the renting out of small parcels of
vested in Mr. Coh en's
the answer to
land to sharecroppers in sugar being an additional charge of , the experience of an important
manner in
$100 for each child or member ' community experiment in so f r' my question as to
Granlle sod
beets and
corn. An additional in- of the family. At the end of the I as the former Anarchist editor is which the colonists spend their
7729 T conic was derived last year from year, every colonist receives an I concerned. • • .
leisure time. "We haven't any,"
EU
an agreement made with a company
he said. "We're t too busy work-
which drilled for oil on the grounds. equal share of the income for his
ing."
personal needs. "The members !
Division of Labor
Besides oil, it is believed that
But one of the yer mem-
n natural deposits of the farm ins ive like one big family," Mr.1 There is a division of labor in bets of the community g
was snore
Rev. Canto
She
e lude coal and salt. In fact, one - Cohen explained, "sharing work, I the colony. Able mechanics are realistic about the situation.
of the co l ony's chief difficulties is leisure, sorrow and pleasure in 1 assigned to important mechanical had lived in the colony from
Jacob
the
the
water
problem—the
drinking
a
like
measure.
The
community
'
tasks.
A
former
hardware
man
I day it
Silver man
was
first organized.
She
provides all the needs of the will be given the job of repairing I painted
a drab
picture of the
water being salty,
bERDIP AL
and expects each one, in a chimney or aiding in a buildinglfarm as it was first settled—an
MOREL '
Among the other possessions of members
25 There
return , to give his wholehearted repair job. The colony, in fact,' uncomfortable place, with dilapi-
terectle o
Sunrise acti
Col ony— ind ic ati
n the co-operation in carrying on the is in search of good mechanics dated b
Rees...sae s . additional
vitie s of theJ
ew-
g
ly or .
and outhouses.
,
who desire to become niembers
nth farmers—are approximate
11 2073
H ousi ng Accommodations
of the communit Y.
'' d* . ' 2,000 sheep, about a h un
y. But the vast, She pointed to the improvements,
d re d
i the sanitary toilets, the running
h
In this spirit the largest sin I number works on the e farms And 1
horses, mostly Belgian draft hoe.
Gladstone
the work is h eaviest in the hot and cold water, the showers
250 heads of cattle consisting group in the colony lives under
Euclid 1-04
and steam heat, to the comfort
me,,,,,,, . of holstein
holstein cows and young calves. one roof—in the two-story, 32- fields, all hands are called to join1provided in the shanties which
Performed
room frame building which is in the tilling, plowing and irri- have been remodeled with brick
The School System
The school system and the dor- known as The Hotel, Smaller gating the soil, or in the collec-I foundations and new floorings,
mitory plan for the youngster is houses accommodate the rest of tion of the products of the far-
at she deplored the social side
Detroit Loi the particular pride of the radi. the collectivists—four or five mers labors.
of life. She was apparently un-
Last summer the farmers were happy and it
Ks cal Jewish farmers. The primary members to a house, each couple
was evident that she
and high school classes are located being assigned a room, the only faced by the sad problem of an found it difficult to smile,
An inters
• • •
in a building next to the dormi-1 additionalhousing space being excessive spread of weeds. All
held last Tt t o ry.
-
1
hands
were
called
out
to
pluck
,
When a child reaches the 1 the common sitting room.
Reason for Difficulties
Castle Hall c age of three or four, he is removed
The writer asked Mr. Cohen the poisonous growth. Some failed' Mr. Cohen ascribes the existing
c th eir
des ondency
55 . meetin ' from the family and placed in the whether the lack of privacy does) to onceal
difficulties that
t
po
the
fact
a
A
children's community house. The' not contribute to possible die- they labored at this t ask underas a ' oughly city-bred folk finds it hard
be held
held nextg children spend their Sundays with ' content. He admitted the possi- broiling sun. But the job had to to become easily adapted to
he Bona —and a collective group , new form of life. It involves a a
8 o'clock, 1 their parents, , bility. lie also admitted that
the
bu i ld i ng
The teachers are graduates of collective form of eating is a firmly stuck to the job until the I complete change of life, the trans-
report re to rt
enemy
of the soil was removed.
fer of a commercial element to
New York University, Cornell Uni- 1 cause for dissatisfaction. But
• • •
the o fd Pho versity,
hunter College and Uni. this admission, too, was
the hard life on the soil.
Nevertheless, Mr. Cohen mini-
A democraticallyy elected execu- mizes the danger of what may be
-' the colonists is that the younger in a great experiment: in so far
NEUGARTE1
live industrialization
committee, farm
manses
the child the more he or she as the majority of the group in ment,
and
com- regarded as a hastily conceived
Plans hays loves farm life. In a sense it is a . concerned, Spokesman Cohen de- munity service committees, in- mass colonization project in the
plan of the Sunrise group. Ile
the third a' tacit admission of a certain amount i dared, they are searching for a
•
heugarten -- f di sconten
lutn,
io are seeking to prvide
rt of the ! so
to
o c u ing the officers, rule the col-iPoints
several
important
held at Belle grown-ups.
t on the pa
1 more privacy for members , and ony. At the present time, Mor-1achievements in proof of the fees-
of
27. A chow
There is I hospital and first-aid 1 the aim is in the future to make rig Krupnick of Chicago is ;rani- iibility of the project. The county
d it possible for each
'
served and . building, and the colony has its own'-
Alicia is a part has bone-
membership ent of the community. Joe of which
and games physician—Dr. Peter G. Shifrin— ' couple to have tw o rooms and • , Swire of Albany, N. Y. is the,Ifited because, for the first time in
Everybody ' who spends half his time in Sagi- , bathroom. , vice-president Joe Dyl;nick of !six years, taxes are being paid
:Cleveland is treasurer. Joseph on time, Sunrise Community hay.
• • •
wishing to a maw, where he conducts an office.1
J. Cohen, in spite of being blamed ing remitted $6,000.
Mrs. Samue Dr. Boris Zela, also of Saginaw, ,
Further-
The Collectivist Practices
!
the casino I it the colony's dentist.
the
what some of the members more, the merchants are anxious
Students
of
collectivist
colonk
call
"dictatorial methods," and in
6407, or I Besides the regular school sys-
to do business with the Jewish
will find much material for spite of being held directly re-1group and many are deriving
Longfellow I tern, classes for the colonists are 1 nation
' sponsib le for ultra radicl
in practical electrcity,' study in the Sunrise Coo ra
e
a col- great
which mut
must ' conduc
fro m the newly-
' Farm Community, one of the lectivist methods in vogue in the createdb refits
in
English
and
in
agricultural
June 25..1
purchasing power.
prime issues being the kitchen and colony, won re-election in Decem.
1
Other
colonists
who belong to
, Jetts. The electrical subjects are dining room problem. Three times i Der, 103. votes being cast in his
' the majority group of idealists
EQUI taught by Robert Aronson, a young a dayimembers of the community favor, 49
engineer, graduate of the Univer- I
ballots
being
cast
are
not
only
determined
that the
The first
alty of Detroit, who is in charge of i i meet in the dining room toe. against him and 13 blank ballots project cannot fail, but insist
lily Club, e
that
, the colony's power plant and heat- meals. At breakfast, food is I accounting for the other vote& i the group is secure and that an
• . .
its m ew
log system. Aronson is a young! served in se cafeteria sty'le. There
1 ideal community is inone
the offin g
Wednesday,[
... , American boy who has become so is tableservice at the lunch and
!Harry Weinstock is
Enjoys Criticisms
of t h e
of Mrs. '' - '"'' attached to the colony that
at lie is Idinner meals. Tablecloths arel
Joseph J. Cohen, as the spokes- group who painted • glorious pie-
Ave., Bess ( tod ay
' used only for the . evening meal. man for the Sunrise
f hgroup' s
majority cure. "If only men would forget
The
.
aiding.
prepare
y a group, makes no apologies,
'dent and most enthusiastic booste
boosters,
Ile Petty ideas and differences," he
Instead o
•
There are also checkers and l selected membership kitchen crew rather likes to make sdm l salons
argued. "S
•
s is • at the
summer, al
from products grown mainly on, of mistakes and appears to enjoy root of evil. We aim to
eradi-
will meet e•
the farm. The aspiration of the 1 ' criticism. I asked him why he cats greed, to
eliminate
the faults
Zionist
Organisation! colony is to rise to a point of pro- devotes so much space, as editor
next meetin Give the
which condemned us to a life of
home of Mr• voice at at. ....a W or ld Zionist during at least 90 per cent of
its of the colony's mimeographed competitive atrurp'e in the city.
E. Euclid AGe•arees. Vote for Ticket No. 1 1 necessities on Its own soiL
"Sunrise News," to adverse criti -
—
proceed. at the election this Sunday.
'
•
But the collective eating and • clam of the colony by dissatisded
T - rnple Mnort - -' - this Heasley.
to furnish
• WM uccsrr a
nual report pleaded for a co-
operative and ideal spirit in the
colony, and we read: "We can-
not afford to continue much long-
er in, the way we were going
along till now, since many people
take advantage of the situation
and let others do all the work. We
h ate to sermonize to each other
all the time and it surely is a dis-
grace that our labor manager
should have to beg people to go
to work. There is an axiom
among honest people which reads:
He who does not work should
not eat,' which is perfectly appli-
cable in our case. We do not
want to exploit anyone and have
not the slightest intention of be-
ing exploited by others. Let every-
one when he comes to the tabl e
to eat ask himself: Have I earned
the meal that I am going to eat?
A true answer will serve him as
a guide in all his actions."
•
•
something wrong in the colony,
the intentions are of the best.
A great experiment is having a
serious trial.
The fate of the
•
ma nu
• . . in my opinion
they are milder
and they certainly
have a pleasing
taste and aroma
Um TOI.CCO CO.
• Great Experiment on Trial
It is clear that, while there is
most important Jewish co-opera-
tive farming enterprise in this
country hangs in the balance, ap-
parently because neither major-
ity nor Minority will make com-
promises; and because it is so
difficult for a city-bred people to
become accustomed to the trials
and hardships of farm life.
Furthermore, there is a lack of
social life for the obvious reason
that there is no relationship with
the neighboring communities. The
Jewish farmers in Alicia, Mich.
have nothing in common with
their non-Jewish neighbors who
look suspiciously upon them be-
cause they are Jews. And they
have nothing in common with
their Jewish neighbors in sur-
rounding cities because they have
divorced themselves from Jewish
traditions and Jewish life. The
reaction of the young in the col-
ony is the influence that comes
from strife and not from an ef-
fort to build an ideal Jewish life
—and it is difficult to visualize
the building of a Jewish coopera-
tive without in some form honor-
ing the common heritage of the
group.
'V ---
,.,...„../, .,..;,
.•
The results of this experiment
may have a very lasting effect
on
future farm cooperative efforts.
If only the Sunrise Colony would
share its problem with experts.,
and why not the Jewish experts
from the Jewish Agricultural So.
ciety, as well as government
ex.
parts—perhaps they could be
helped to success in the building
of that ideal life for which they
aspire slid in which they must
arouse the admiration of all who
watch in g je tw
the experiment!
ll g a in fro
areAmerican
re ywill
the success of the Sunrise Com.
munity. If it fails, it will add
a
very sad chapter to our back - to.
the-soil movement.
Since this article was written,
several families belonging to the
opposition element in the Sunrise
Colony (including one of
t ot
w
its or h r -
m
ganizers,
gazers,
Eli Greenblatt of De -
troit) have left the group, and the
consensus of opinion is that peace
now prevails.
will
•
er
elimination of criticism and
the group that criticizes will help
build up this very important com-
munity farming enterprise.
- 1;011)•3•394se• ■ ---
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■•■ ■
'
.'.---
.
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onbeeie
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Name
Adds
•
.