Ameriez
-
s 7
THEPE ritOIVEIVISfi R07411313
and THE LEGAL CHROPiii..4..e.
a
THE WEEK IN REVIEW Trace Beginnings
NAZI APPEAL FOR TERMINATION
OF BOYCOTT ASSAILED BY U. S.
(CONCLUDED FROM FAOM I)
Of Jewish History
LABOR AND JEWISH MOVEMENTS trading as before, since the Nazi
On East Seaboard
VERDICT AGAINST
HAUPTMANN CAUSE
OF WAR ON JEWRY
(CONCLUDED FROM PAGE I )
CoNCLUDED ellost wine
by the American Jewish Congress
David A. Wilentz of New Jersey
repudiating the Lippert allegations.
were particularly distasteful.
trade as well as of German trade.
Dr. Wise continued:
N•eis Conduct Agitation
h
t an to
Such a statement discloses "Nothing could be falser
"Ile is one of my dearest clearly the mental attitude and l' t■ l 7l oe
h
friends," the Reilly statement the psychology of the type of and service., ofil this Dr. Lippert
k n ow'. right well. If three per vent
'minted out, "and he has relatives mind which now controls the un- of
the population of the Polled State,
in Brooklyn who are also my happy German people. The pur- which le the percentage of the Jewish
population, were alone In is, otting
friends.
pose of the boycott cannot be Mot amide
asirvices, Nazi Germany
"I visited Yorkville Casino with measured in marks or dollars. Its would not nodI I worths Illie pleas ion
for the ...ration of the ao•called 'Jew-
the sole idea of obtaining money to purpose is a protest against an ish boycott '
help win the release of my client, arrogant, bigoted, cruel govern-
Lipperre appeal purports to ad-
Bruno Richard Hauptmann," the ment. The indignation of the iiresa 11,11 to tit. •Anierii ails' muted.
some' What ,nine be noire
s tatement explained. "I discussed American people will not be brasenly
odiAlhy insulting than
the case from a legal standpoint, traded for commerce and, there- to samosa In the presence of • tnightY
emphasizing the fact that a wrong fore, our attitude is in keeping moral problem. which Hoot). ever)
Ideal of eithisation and dchom.rat y, that
would be done Ilauptmann unless with the best traditions of our America hail no Interval •t stake other
than the 'nominees intereat This is the
sufficient money was raised for an republic.
gravest insult of al—to sratime that in
appeal."
'Today the unruly government One la.1 •rol• etevy moral oingiders•
In his statement the German's happens to be Germany. If It
counsel paid Wilentz a compliment were another government tomor- Oslo .
for his adroit conduct of the prose- row, our indignation and protest - A, for toting • 'Jewish both oil.' or.
cution and said he felt assaults would be just as strong and Just
11'7 A lit i e
i rilitr r 9':iter;ron
kin"
o
based Upon a person's race or re- as insistent. We still believe that rt::•=st
Labor and its leader, Green'.
ligion were despicable. I He as-
hem renewed Its pledge to •hsta iln from
of esery khni will) the got
serted that he is a Brooklynite of the public opinion of the world relations
ernmeni of a people w itieh has ruth•
the third generation and Is happy moving against the continuance howdy end setagely destroyed it. own
labor front. Million. or ilberty•Iming
to enjoy the friendship of numer- of the conditions which exist will Catholics.
P otestant. kiln with
r the
ous Jews in that and other bor- in time bring relief to millions merit an and
Federation of lAbor In re.
of liberty-loving, justice-loving fusing to touch or use Na11 warea and
oughs.
nerd..
an
long
oe
tile
Ilitler-Rosenberg
The distributors of the circulars Germans as well as relief to the 'Assn warsifsbnot tension rontinue..
with the eanction and bleasing of the
are known to be members of local world.
Fuehrer and his Simihers.
"Our fight is not against the Reich
Nazi organizations. Anti-Semitic
- As for the allegation that the eco-
people
of
Germany
but
against
nomic existence of the Jew. In Ger-
agitation by these groups was at
has not been S
why hats
a high point several months ago the present German government." many
tens of thousands or Jew. fled from the
Ascii Attacks Lippert
and then tapered off almost to a
Germany wide!) they loved and merved
fought for lu order to find refuge
Shalom Asch, who sailed for and
standstill following a succession of
and elicitor in other Mode and ron•
adverse blows, notable among which Europe on Wednesday afternoon, t Menlo. Not only because Jews, et,
large manufacture,
were those dealt out by various arrived at the Einstein reception rePtion for the
c
and hankere a ham the Nast Roth
courts and- the Congressional in- for a „farewell message to the and.
It profitable for • thus to .pare.
vestigation.
friends of the American Jewish cannot live In Nast Germany unleas
they he lost to every sense of moral
Nazi efforts to vilify the Jews Congress and echoed the views del em y, even if the economil , ex•
taloa , e of Jews were untouched, de-
came back in force for the first time expressed by Mayor LaGuardia cent.
ealf•respetiting Jews would atilt
in weeks at the Ilauptmann rally and Dr. Wise.
stand hy the side of those fore, if
and in Jewish circles it is believed
"The boycott against Nazi Ger- hi, Ilisation and democracy which, for
the time tieing, constitute the teeder-
none too likely that Reilly's dis- many is being conducted not only ahlp In the eIIalleuCO to Hit
s.
avowal of sympathy with the tac- for the benefit of the Jews of
thing more remains to lie Raid
Jews do not shill to be Hitler',
tics of prejudice and,intolerance I Germany, but for Germany as a We
'favorite.% We would rather be num-
would operate as aft effective whole. Millions of Germans are bered among the kilitinis of the littler
damper.
with you in your fight against iw.ar manga,irt .ftre7olhrtnt e, aonnhol .,110, sT.is,,,rthan
Stores in Yorkville area which Ilitlerism," he said.
the hands of term who now wok ‘t‘it
lie am we have net er well hurt
display signs "Hauptmann Defense
Ile paid tribute to the Ameri- Nun
before—namely, to Impair the moral
Fund contributions received here," can Jewish Congress and to Dr. Mire of Israel, Infinitely more precloun
.a J. T. A. reporter observed, also Wise, declaring: "The American
bear the DAWA insignia on their Jewish Congress is a great insti- bribe of making their enomh
ro
,
le , Intolerable and, on the other
windows. This was taken as proof tution and Dr. Stephen S. Wise •
hand, dare to appeal In tile aineriran
of a definite link between the pro- is a great leader."
Ilintionoo
to end
overnment
to
ice
g
German . forces in this city and
the boycott. They do not know the
Dr. Wis. Attacks Allegations
They do not know Annerlea.
Jews.
those desiring to obtain a reversal
The attack against the alle- They its not know and understand the
of the Flemington conviction.
of free nien. America cannot be
gations of Dr. Lippert was led hearts
Nasilled into compromise with these
by Dr. Wise. Dr. Wise read the hell-born forces w hien would save
themsehes and ere thee go down To
THIRD CONFERENCE
cable which was dispatched to the death, seek to destroy the moral and
OF ORGANIZATIONS American Chamber of Commerce spiritual fulindatio. of life Itself."
Death of Aaron DeRoy Is Mourned
As A Great Loss to The Community
(CONCLUDED FROM PAGE ONE)
Infra, announced that the budget
committee had taken favorable
action on the proposal to include
the Old Folks' Home in the Al-
lied Jewish Campaign budget.
Resolutions adopted by the con-
ference following a report sub-
mitted to it by Myron Keys as
chairman of the Committee of 21
asked the Federation to include a
$100,000 item for a Jewish Old
Folks' Home building project.
In accordance with action of
t se Committee of 21, each organi-
zation will be entitled to not more
than two accredited delegates to
this Sunday's conference and
these delegates must bring with
them authority to speak for the
organization they represent.
I...chewer Directs Work
Kurt Peiser announced this
week that Abraham J. Lachover,
principal of the Oakland branch
of the United Hebrew Schools,
has been enlisted for the work to
organize the various Jewish or-
ganizations of the city for the
forthcoming drive.
Odessa Verein to Help
Present indications are that or-
ganizations which were previously
unaffiliated with the Federation
are preparing to take an active
part in the coming Allied Jewish
Campaign.
At a meeting of the Odessa
Verein on Tuesday evening, •
decision was reached that the so-
ciety should co-operate in the
Allied Jewish Campaign. The
meeting was addressed by Ber-
nard Isaacs, following whose ad-
-d vas the society selected a work-
ing committee of five to co-oper-
ate with Mr. Lachover in planning
w ork for the next drive. The
working committee of five is com-
p osed of the following: Mrs. Jen-
nie
Charles [hiker, Is-
rael Rubin, M. Rosenthal and A.
Kovitz.
(CONCLUDED FROM PAGE ONE)
cago and the Friars Club of New
York. He was also a member of
the following yacht clubs: Detroit
Yacht Club, Bayview Yacht Club,
International Yacht and Country
Club of Amherstburg, Ont., Chicago
Yacht Club, Cadillac Yacht Club of
Detroit, and the Croatan Country
Club of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Gas. Detroit Two Giraffes
Ile was a leader of the Board of
Commerce and of the Union League
Club and was also quite active
In Masonic circles, being a thirty-
second degree Mason and a member
of the Mecca Shrine. He was chair-
man for Michigan of the National
Farm School at Doylestown, Pa.,
and In this capacity had shown a
deep interest in the movement to
encourage youg men to study farm-
ing. He first came to the front in
Detroit Jewish philanthropic efforts
in 1930, when he was treasurer of
the oversubscribed Allied Jewish
Campaign, to which he personally
contributed $10 000. As chairman
of the successful 1931 Allied Jewish
Campaign for $215,000 he was pri-
marily responsible for the quota's
oversubscription by $4,000.
Mr. DeRoy also attracted atten-
tion with his civic pride and his
interest in general communal ac-
tivities. In 1925 while in Germany ,
he purchased two giraffes for the
Detroit Zoological Park. The gir-
affes were valued at $5,000 each.
D ue to the fact that the giraffes
were each over 274 feet tall, the
problem arose as how to transport
them from N ew f ork to Detroit,
since along the railroad route there ,
are many low bridges and tunnels.
iM PAGE I /
Lurie, director of the National
;
Council of Jewish Federation and
for the part icipants, will Welfare Funds, who will speak
on "Economic Adjustments of the
be outlined by the committee, Jew." Leo W. Schwarz, director
composed of representatives of of the New School of Jewiah Edu-
all Detnot ncliattlit. The I ill. and cation, will speak Wednesday on
the sums to be offered an pieces "Translating Our Jewish Heri-
tage." Winding up this phase of
will be announced lieu week.
the Koval)) will he Ur. Abysm
The tentative plan CANa fur con- I. Sachet, billions' director of
sideration of work in the ,*say the HMO Foundations in Ameri-
e dite.t for school credits, in ad- call Veli make, Hr will speak
clitien to the opportunity offs-led on "The Jew in the World To-
to each
to win unt• of day."
e iii cco.
Racial Reletiusis Seminar
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twining, pottery. traelly and prints were
pontiar Notes
Regular Friday m ening merviciem were
heldat Temple Ileth Jacob on FridnY.
March I. the topic of themerm en thong
"The History of the Kaddleh Prayer
Rabbi Berger filacumed the ch•ngIng us.
age and purpose of thie most famous of
all traditional prayers
atm Laws Meyer, of Peoria. III., Is the
guest of her 'Indere. Mrs. Norman (luck.
1101. and Hrs. David Cohen. She will
return to her home on Monday.
Theannual donor luncheon of the Sis-
terhood of Temple Beth Jacob Ira. held
at Delon Galilee on Wedneeday. Mar , It
4. The snow( speaker for the afternoon
was ROM] Leo Franklin of Detroit .
Tha monthlymeeting of the Beth
Jain!, Sisterhood Wan held on Tueeder
Tea Pre c eded the regular business nodd-
ing.
—
Rabbi Berger addreased the young pee.
Ide of the All Saint. lipiwinPal Char.!,
oil Sunday evening, March 3. the toter
of the lecture being •htlemocracy
We record with deep sorrow the plor•
ins of Marilyn Retry Weiew of Detroit.
formerly at Pontine. elder daughter of
Dr. soul Mrs George Wel,
ALPHA CUB
Alpha Club Inat•Iled the following ie.
firer.. at the home of Mandell Herman
Prim, Sydney Dunital duke, Jerone ,
Rosenzweig: lord historian, Mandell ilcr.
man, lord of the en , h,urr, Aulirey Et.
tjen,hrseltz,ri,:x corresponding I hen. el let,
The following vonIntitteee ware nettled
log Gruntet. Morton Shapiro: initholici
I Jerome Rosenzweig. Jerry Marx. Item
intharity, Jerry M•rx, Juwu.
,
Elson, German Fiddler; auditing. Edwin
Finellyer. Morton Shapiro, Mandell nor-
LIGGLTT & MYERS TOBACCO CO.
1411,41
Ir I t etude by tl.e thrie
e , h r the hospices of
hi
el I the
Th. ) St HI
I
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op hi
11
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r^ t" W
among the intereating pie,* on distils.
Mrs. 1,00H !whaler arranged this exhibl.
lion.
The musical program wan also most
en)oyable. featuring Edward Borst v
Oollnlet, and the Arian trio. Mr. Boraty
played -Old Refrain - 0:relater) and
"Ara Maria" (S•hubert) with Herbert
A. Millihen as hie acrontpanlat, and the
trio, with Mrs E. It. Lonxinan aa its
accompanist, sang •Dawn• (Curran
••WhIther" (Schubert) and - III. L'il Fel•
per" (Riker).
'rho Infant wielfare branch is headed
by /Ara I K. Gorden, who was general
hihairman of aoangements for the el-
titbit
Mrs. It. H. Kest., asslated her
while Sirs Ben Wiener arranged the
modest program.
milder better-tasting cigarette.
/""
,
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An raylsnatury talk
whet an hletnry r7f
presented by Rabbi Zanier. lie ontpho•
sized particularly the art work made in
the Resale] Institute In Palestine, the
place (tom which the majority of plei ea
shown were pent
Ilrocadol robot. oriental MO, Woo.1
tobaccos make Chesterfield a
„
ill 1 , i. 11 e
Met, lwantiful and highly In
example/I of Paleetine art featured the
art exhibit sponsored toy Flint chats,
of liailamah Wednewlay night at the
Jewish lesson unitr I'enter. Held to bets.
flt the Infant welfare committee of II,
(Desalt, the exhibit Ott - ailed a roinpan y
of Ito guests.
Scientific methods and mild ripe
cater pert of the plublioli,
following
desotrd
1
. 4 dry aill
to dihrussiun of the fel uniniende
tiens of the managing Ahillithaillt ,
• he et Idillel 411 tl
The ether tea ithen be the Member.
of the Junior Slaterhood of Temple Hon
XI Sunday afternoon furnished a
Plea.-
• nt afternoon for • company of 30 mein.
berg and guests. The tea was held at the
home of miss Ruth IVarren. 1 005 Wine
l
lawn Park drive. During the aftermie
n
the gbeete were entertained
by a "s.
who foretold the poet Arid future In tin
ten !mites
Ulna Eleanor Snits, lire.,.
dent of ti,. Sisterhood, and Miss Illarriet
l'odolsky, vii . e•prenident, prodded at Ms
tea table. while Mho Ruth Bergman &MI
Rosalind l'iralsky had charge of
• rrangements. Mina Jennie ID -arnica
Iv
sponsor of the Junior Sisterhood.
I'm sometimes asked about
cigarettes .. . and I believe they offer
tbe mildest and purest fo;iiz in which
tobacco is used . . .
10 Iii
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1
SOCIAL MILD CIXII
„Mint Notes
The Social Gulid Club met at the home
of Mary Green, 10095 !lest Sr,March 3.
The meeting was attendedby met',.
Refreshments Wore 'wool otter the hero of the Pill era Epsilon Frateinit ,
meeting Site Selling, played the sla- who
/11101" IVY ,11.111
in. no, mnpanied at the piano by Stella
The club has a basketball leant awl
Greenberg .
Plans other athletic teams.
or
An open meeting will he held In the tion• writhing ta arrange games or lb -
near future. The next meeting will be beteg with Alpha Club, tottireeti Jerry
held at the home of Stella Greenberg. mar, iarreol.ondin g easorellor, cm Hor-
1657 Clairmount. Sunday afternoon, at .
ton Md. •
aellillial
I.'
hl
mania will also undoubtedly be
closely clipped. The government
of Tatarescu will have to realize
that the protest which was
handed over this week by Ameri-
can Jews to the Rumanian lega-
tion in Washington means exactly
that when it says that the Jews
of America will not stand aside
while anti-Semitic discriminations,
especially in employment, are
practiced in Rumania."
PALESTINE
Felix Warburg, while visiting
Palestine last week, made a state-
ment to the effect that the Jewish
Agency for Palestine should not
solely limit itself to political
work. It should, he said, estab-
lish contact with various Jewish
economic bodies , in Palestine and
consult them on economic plans.
president of the New I/ileum.
Section of Ille etrUlicii.
I V 1.1
Lid•ii
A
Philanthropic Growth
It was in this more or less hap-
hazard mariner that many of the
philanthropic organizations were
1 50
A41,111
II I.
need that arose brought forth ■
new society to meet the emergency.
For example, the Ilebrew Benevo-
lent Society of New York cane
into existence in the following man-
ner. A very old Jewish veteran of
the Revolutionary War fell sick and
the Jews of the city decided to care
for him. They visited him and at-
tended to his needs until his death.
When he died a balance of $300 of
the money which had been collected
to take care of him remained. It
was decided that with this money
dealt with educational problems,
some with problems of charity, or
other philanthropic needs, some
with the care of the sick. Each
a society should be formed to care
for any future charity cases. Thus
the Ilebrey Benevolent Society was
started.
of the Council has grown and
been strengthened. The Council
is one of the first organizations
in this country to carry on an
' active peace campaign and is one
, of the members of the National
Committee
on the Cause and
Cure of War.
The opening session on Sunday
evening, with Prof. Lindeinun as
its chief speaker, svill also be ad-
dressed by Nis, Hannah G. bolo ,
mon, founder of the National
; kits.
May or
slay' sod Mrs. Leona Nelkeit.
dusted
th r Natiol
mi ronfei, ht l . Nis J.,sepli 51 Wel ,
tioit and Nis
I
mice of Ji-o • al
tail of Nrs Work Ni
Holt) ,titilllOr ha* Irtt
p
1.,.
■
,.
iv•eithl
hr
,h,l)
Clirtiliy.
FIchtill
, ,, „•
ell
ottl of Om imifeieeir
its
The old Hebrew Union College
on 6th Street, Cincinnati. This
building housed the college until
the dedication of the p t
buildings in 1912.
organized to evolve a unified method
of treating reform Judaism.
The Jewish Theological Seminary
of New York was founded in 1886.
Other organizations similar to those
founded by the reform Jews were
founded, but not until much later
The next step in the volution of
philanthropic organizations was the
formation of national Jewish or-
ganizations to carry on various
kinds of Jewish work and charity
on a nation-wide scale.
The first of these to be formed
was the Independent Order of B'nai
B'rith. Established in New York,
in 1843, primarily as a lodge to
give insurance, help in sickness,
and for social activities, the B'nai
B'rith developed through several
p hases. First, it did charity work;
l ater, through the creation of the
Anti-Defamation League it fought
to protect the good name of the
Jews in the United States. Today,
Its major interest is in education.
This work is developed through the
Hillel Foundations which it estab-
lishes at universities for religious,
educational and social 'activities
among the students.
Another national organization
that was formed during the same
period was the Board of Delegates
of American Israelites, founded in
1859. in New York. It was inter-
ested in education and in charity,
but the defense of the Jew was the
chief interest. In 1878 it amal-
gamated with the Union of Ameri-
can Hebrew Congregations. For 45
years the joint body fought for
the rights of the Jews and protected
their interests through Simon Wolf,
who was its representative in
Washington. In 1925, when the
Union had developed its religious
activities to such proportions that
they required all of its attention,
the board was dissolved, and its
work left to bodies organized spe-
cially for that purpose. The work
of the Board was taken over by
such organizations as the present
American Jewish Committee, and
the American Jewish Congress.
So did the activities and develop-
ment of the Jews parallel the devel-
opment of the country in general.
With the growth of its population,
the demand for Americanized meth-
ods in its religious and philanthro-
pic activities, and the need for pro-
gressive and liberal ideals as well
as practices we find a concurrent
growth and development pf the
organizations necessary for the pro-
per fulfillment of these needs. Al-
ways a generous and philanthropic
people, the American Jews under-
took to share the burden of charity
of the whole community and, in
addition, accepted the responsibility
of providing for his fellow Jews not
only material relief, but also edu-
cational, and spiritual succor.
The 34th Biennial Council of the
Union of American Hebrew Con-
gregations in Washington this
month is the culmination of years
of devotion of the ideals of religious
education first promulgated in the
early history of the Jews in the
United States.
Ih low with this purr oi the and to the report. of oil lilll.
thl.
,..“4,,,L•;
opoii, tide, w ill also lo
S01.) 11 Cube
els! hen:, • el.
aciel
:,11,1.14 011 the
air th,
1791. In 1824 the congregation in
Charleston. S. C., adopted Reform
Judaism. Each c o n g r e gation
formed its own societies for work-
ing out the problems arising in
the community.
These small societies were organ-
ized for various purposes, Some
her presidency the peace program
tHI es
I rnItalik .
•
(CONCLUDED FROM PAGE 1)
COUNCIL CONCLAVE
Cart. She has been especially
OPENS ON SUNDAY active in peace work and during
vention Sunday evening, March
ESSAY CONTEST ON
10. On Tuesday the convention
DRIVE IN SCHOOLS will hear an address by Harry I..
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Finally the federal government was
appealed to and made available
cars which were used for transport-
ing cannon during the war. With
this equipment it was found pos-
sible to so route the travels of the
giraffes as to avoid all tunnels and
low bridges. When the giraffes
arrived they were the subject of
front-page notoriety, and the De-
troit Free Press conducted a gir-
affe-naming contest for boys and
girls, Among the entries were
"Hans and Ilelena," "Neck and
Neck," and finally "Cleo and Tony"
were selected as the winners.
.
Ha. Three Yachts
Chief among Mr. Dejtoy's sport-
ing activities were yachting and
motorboat racing. Ile had won the
Greening-Duff trophy in the Junior
Gold Cup races, held this trophy for
several years and was never defeat-
ed. He won the Packard trophy as
first prize for Class G. cruisers.
This prize was won by the yacht,
Yoreda. which is DeRoy spelled
backwards.
Mr. DeRoy also won the George
Harrison Phelps trophy, a time
prize for the fastest lap in the
Detroit Gold Cup regatta, won by
Aaron DeRoy's Lady Helen I with
a speed of 32.3 miles per hour. An-
other trophy to his credit is the
Pennzoil trophy for the fastest lap
in the Junior Gold Cup races, won
by Commodore DeRoy's Lady Helen
II, with a speed of 43,415 miles per
hour.
Commodore DeRoy had given
what is known as the Aaron DeRoy
trophy and every July sloops, yawls
and cruisers corneae for it in a
free-for-all long distance race from
Detroit to Mackinac.
cells control every commercial
enterprise in which their mem.
hers are employed anyway.
The Jews in Germany have
been watching the Nazi state-
ments with the greatest interest.
For them these statements ere a
question of their right to exist.
Many German Jews who were on
the verge of leaving the country
have suspended their preparations
to emigrate. Moreover, the presi-
dent of the Berlin Jewish com-
munity, Dr. Stahl, publicly ad-
vised the Jews of Germany to re-
main in the country and not to go
to Palestine.
Great enthusiasm last week
marked the official turning over
of the Saar to Germany. Herr
Hitler, himself, visited his new
nations. A number of Jews left
the country just before the
League of Nations officially
stepped out. Joseph Buerckel, as
expected, was appointed the Nazi
Commissioner for the Saar. He
had previously been the Nazi chief
agitator in the district.
POLAND
The Jews of Poland were inter-
ested in the Nazi statements not
less than were the Jews of Ger-
many. Anti-Semitism in Germany
has also greatly encouraged the
anti-Semitic activities in Poland.
The curbing of anti-Semitic legis-
lation and propaganda in the
Reich would no doubt have salu-
tory effect upon the anti-Semites
of Poland. It would take much
of the wind out of their sails.
It would perhaps serve as a les-
son to the Polish government,
which is discriminating against
the Jews even in commerce.
It has long been established
that the situation of the Jews in
Poland is much worse than even
that of those of Nazi Germany.
The process of eliminating them
from state and municipal em-
ployment was practically corn-
pleted in Poland long before it
was ever started in Germany. In
addition, Polish Jewry has be-
gun to suffer from all winds of
restrictions in trade and com-
merce, not to speak of the bur-
den of over-taxation which is
undemrining the entire economic
existence of the Polish Jews.
RUMANIA
The peace offer which Nazi
Germany is now compelled to
make to the Jews may also serve
as a lesson for Rumania, where
anti-Semitic tendencies have as-
sumed an especially serious char
acter during the last few weeks
and where the ex-premier Voids-
Voevod, last week came out open-
ly with a project to modify the
Rumanian constitution in a way
which would convert the Jews
into second-class citizens.
Therd is no doubt that the
growth of the anti-Semitic move-
ment in Rumania is only a result
of the anti-Semitic theories
preached by the Natio from Ber-
lin. Now, when Berlin is ready
to compromise on this theory, the
wings of the anti-Semites in Rio
formed. The first organized charity
recorded was the Jewish Orphan's
Home of Charleston, which dates
back to 1801.
In every city where there was
an appreciable Jewish community
this same pattern can be found.
Since the earliest Jewish commun-
ities were in the east, the early
records of these organizations are
to be found in New York, Phila-
delphia, Balt imore, Charleston,
Richmond and the larger cities of
the eastern coast region. The one
possible exception to this is Cin-
cinnati, where Jews were living as
early as 1824.
This condition existed until the
Jewish papers began to publish
articles and editorials advocating a
better method of handling philan-
thropic affairs. • Through their ef-
forts the United Hebrew Charities
was formed in New York in 1874.
Nearly all of the Jewish charities
of the city joined in this organiza-
tion. The one organization then
took charge of relief for the poor,
the nick , for orphans, and for im•
migrants. In 1884 a great institu-
tion for orphans was built. A Jews'
hospital was organized as early as
1857, changing its name to Mt.
Sinai Hospital in 1870 when the
new building was erected.
In almost every city a similar
development tooli place. The great-
est growth of philanthropic agencies
among the Jews of this country oc-
curred between the years 1865 and
1880.
Rebecca Gratis Work
At the same time that charitable
organizations were taking such
rapid strides in their development ,
educational organize tions were
growing-with equal speed. Small
schools were formed in connection
with synagogues. Others, the Tal-
mud Torahs, started exclusive of
the synagogue. These depended
upon the entire Jewish community
for their support and pupils. The
first religious schools in this coun-
try were the Jewish Sunday School
under the direction of Rebecca
Gratz, and the Hebrew Education
Society formed by Rabbi Isaac
Leeser, 1848. Both of these schools
were in Philadelphia.
The Ilebrew Free School Asso-
ciation was organized in New York
in 1868. Through this several dif-
ferent kinds of schools were started,
such as the Hebrew Technical In-
stitute, the Technical School for
Girls, and the Educational Alliance.
These were later developments; the
original purpose of the association
was the formation of religious
schools for children.
Isaac Leeser, Philadelphia,
founded the Maimonides College in
1867, and was its president for the
six years of its existence. However.
in order to support a college ade-
quately some wider organization
was needed.
Because they were the newest
and most progressive organizations,
the reform congregations were the
first to unite in a national body.
The Union of American Hebrew
Congregations was established in
1873. Two years later the Ilebrew
Union College was established in
Cincinnati to educate an American
rabbinate for the American pulpit.
The Central Conference of Ameri-
can Rabbis was formed in 1889. It
was a conference of reform rabbis
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